Epiphragma, Osten Sacken, 1860

Kato, Daichi, Nakamura, Takeyuki & Tachi, Takuji, 2020, Taxonomic study of the genus Epiphragma of Japan (Diptera: Limoniidae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (2), pp. 449-461 : 450

Key to the Japanese species of Epiphragma

1 Wing marking on outer end of cell d solid, without subhyaline areas, center of cell d broadly subhyaline ( Figs 17 , 31 ). .................................................................... 2

– Wing markings on inner and outer ends of cell d with subhyaline areas, center of cell d with brownish marking ( Figs 2 , 9 , 24 , 38 ). ................................................... 3

2 Each femur usually with two bands distally; mediotergite without V-shaped lighter area; male genitalia with interbase slender, bearing several teeth near tip ( Fig. 33 ); female ovipositor with sternite 8 bearing linear apodeme on its entire length ( Fig. 34 ). ........................... ..................................... E. subinsigne Alexander, 1920

– Each femur with one brown band near tip; mediotergite with V-shaped lighter area; male genitalia with interbase somewhat stout, curved medially and flattened near tip ( Fig. 19 ); female ovipositor with sternite 8 bearing linear apodeme on posterior half ( Fig. 20 ). ..... ................................................ E. kempi Brunetti, 1913

3 Each femur usually with two bands distally; male genitalia with interbase stout on base, rod shorter than base ( Fig. 11 ); female ovipositor with furca slender Y-shaped ( Fig. 13 ). ............. E. gracilistylus Alexander, 1933

– Each femur with one brown band near tip; male genitalia and female ovipositor not as above. ..................... 4

4 Femoral band at tip or almost so; wing markings distinctly outlined with darker margins ( Fig. 24 ); halter entirely light yellow; male genitalia with interbase long and straight ( Fig. 26 ), extending beyond tip of aedeagus ( Fig. 25 ); female ovipositor with sternite 8 bearing linear apodeme in whole length ( Fig. 27 ). ..................... ............................... E. subfascipenne Alexander, 1920

– Femoral band subapical; wing markings bordered with darker margins on anterior half of wing or without darker margins ( Figs 2 , 38 ); halter darkened at base of knob; male genitalia with interbase not as above. ...... 5

5 Circular marking enclosing base of Rs with distinct marking inside, cell d with three subhyaline spots ( Fig. 38 ); male genitalia with interbase S-curved ( Fig. 40 ); female ovipositor with furca strongly widened and membranous on anterior part ( Fig. 42 ). ......................... ................................. E. trichomerum Alexander, 1955

– Circular marking enclosing base of Rs with narrow seam inside, restricted at base of Rs, cell d with two subhyaline spots ( Fig. 2 ); male genitalia with interbase L-shaped ( Fig. 4 ); female ovipositor with furca narrowed and sclerotized on anterior part ( Fig. 6 ). ............ .................................................. E. amamiense sp. nov.

Figures

Figs 15–22. Epiphragma kempi Brunetti, 1913. 15 – habitus (male from Tokunoshima Is.); 16 – habitus (male from Ishigaki Is.); 17 – wings (upper one from Amami Is., middle one from Okinawa Is., lower one from Ishigaki Is.); 18 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 19 – interbase in dorsal view; 20 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 21 – furca in dorsal view; 22 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (15–16), 2 mm (17), 0.25 mm (18–22).

Figs 30–36. Epiphragma subinsigne Alexander, 1920. 30 – habitus (male); 31 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 32 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 33 – interbase in dorsal view; 34 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 35 – furca in dorsal view; 36 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (30), 2 mm (31), 0.25 mm (32–36).

Figs 1–7. Epiphragma amamiense sp. nov. 1 – habitus (male); 2 – wing; 3 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 4 – interbase in dorsal view; 5 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 6 – furca in dorsal view (upper side direct anteriorly); 7 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view (upper side directs posteriorly). Abbreviations: ad, aedeagus; bs, base of interbase; gc, gonocoxite; hv, hypogynial valve; ib, interbase; ig, inner gonostylus; la, linear apodeme; og, outer gonostylus; rd, rod of interbase; st 8, sternite 8; tg 9, tergite 9. Scale bars = 5 mm (1), 2 mm (2), 0.25 mm (3–7).

Figs 8–14. Epiphragma gracilistylus Alexander, 1933. 8 – habitus (male); 9 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 10 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 11 – interbase in dorsal view; 12 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 13 – furca in dorsal view; 14 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (8), 2 mm (9), 0.25 mm (10–14).

Figs. 23–29. Epiphragma subfascipenne Alexander, 1920. 23 – habitus (male); 24 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 25 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 26 – interbase in dorsal view; 27 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 28 – furca in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views; 29 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (23), 2 mm (24), 0.25 mm (25–29).

Figs 37–43. Epiphragma trichomerum Alexander, 1955. 37 – habitus (male); 38 – wings (upper one with less developed wing marking, lower one with well-developed wing marking); 39 – male genitalia in dorsal view; 40 – interbase in dorsal view; 41 – female abdominal sternite 8 and hypogynial valve in ventral view; 42 – furca in dorsal view; 43 – female abdominal sternite 10 in ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm (37), 2 mm (38), 0.25 mm (39–43).