Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck

Sinclair, Bradley J., Vajda, Élodie A., Saigusa, Toyohei, Shamshev, Igor V. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2019, Rhamphomyia Meigen of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Greenland and Iceland (Diptera: Empididae), Zootaxa 4670 (1), pp. 1-94 : 36-39

Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck

( Figs 22–24 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:905175E1-7EDD-4749-B76D-D20CF9549459

Rhamphomyia filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck, 1917: 608 . Type-locality: Greenland.

Other references: Melander, 1928: 192 (catalogue); Henriksen, 1939: 80 ( Greenland list); Oliver, 1963: 178 (species list); Melander, 1965: 463 (catalogue); Downes, 1970: 778 (phenology); Danks, 1981: 465 (arctic insects); Brodo, 2000: 151 (survey). Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck : Frey, 1955a: 478 (revision); Yang et al., 2007: 194 (catalogue); Barták, 2015: 576 ( Greenland fauna).

Rhamphomyia similata Malloch, 1919: 46 . Type-locality: Bernard Harbour, Nunavut, Canada.

Other references: Melander, 1928: 205 (catalogue); McDunnough, 1928: 119 (insects of Baffin Island); Melander, 1965: 465 (catalogue); Downes, 1970: 778 (as new synonym of filicauda ); Cooper & Cumming, 1993: 32 (type catalogue).

Notes on synonymy. The authorship of this species is listed as Henriksen & Lundbeck in catalogues, but in the “Supplement list of Insects of Greenland ” by Henriksen (1939: 80) and Frey (1955a: 478) Lundbeck is listed as the sole author. There is no indication in Henriksen & Lundbeck (1917) that only Lundbeck is responsible for the new species of Diptera . He most likely was, but as this is neither given, nor even indicated (except that the illustration is Lundbeck’s and the descriptive style is his), then authorship should go to both. Henriksen (1939) probably gave Lundbeck the sole authorship from pure courtesy (Pape 2017, pers. comm.).

The synonym of Rhamphomyia similata with R. filicauda was long recognized in the Empididae collection of the CNC and Downes (1970) clearly proposed this synonym, which we can also confirm. This synonym was apparently unknown to Melander (1965).

Type material examined. Rhamphomyia filicauda : LECTOTYPE ♂ (here designated in order to fix iden- tity of the species) ♂ ( Fig. 22A ), labelled ( Fig. 22B ): “[ Greenland] Hold ♂ / w. [with] Hope [73°45′N 21°0′W]/ 20–7.[18]91/ Deichmann”; “Type [coloured label]”; “zmuc/ 00025660”; “ LECTOTYPE / Rhamphomyia / filicauda / Henriksen & Lundbeck/ des. Sinclair 2017 [red label]” ( ZMUC) . PARALECTOTYPES: same data as lectotype, 20–21.vii.1891, zmuc 00025661–664 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, ZMUC); Hekla Havn [ Greenland], viii.1891, Deichmann; Cotype, No. 26962; Greenland, Acc. No. 71429 (1 ♂, USNM); same data, zmuc 0025665 (1 ♀, ZMUC); Sabine Ø [74°36′N 18°59′W], vii.1900, Deichmann, zmuc 0025666–671 (3 ♂, 3 ♀, ZMUC); Rypefjaeld [76°56′N], viii.1908, Dan- marksexp, zmuc 00256720673 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, ZMUC) .

Rhamphomyia similata : HOLOTYPE ♂ ( Fig. 22C ), labelled ( Fig. 22D ): “ Holotype / Rhamphomyia / similata Mall. / CNC No. 217 [red label]”; “Bernard/ Harbor/ N.W. T./ July/ 18 -19”; “Canadian/ Arctic/ Expedition/ F.J. [F. Johansen] 1915”; “ Rhamphomyia / similata/ Mall. Type [handwritten by Malloch?]” ( CNC) . PARATYPE: same data as holotype (1 ♀, CNC).

Additional material examined. CANADA. Northwest Territories: Banks Is., Aulavik NP, 73.22181° to 73.23193°, -119.56059° to -119.58330°, 7–19.vii.2011, wet & mesic, pan traps, Repl.1–3, NBP field party (16 ♂, LEM); Banks Is., Aulavik NP, 73.22855°, -119.58662°, 7–11.vii.2011, mesic, pan traps, Repl.3, NBP field party (1 ♂, barcoded, LEM); Banks Is., Masik R., 3–6.vii.1968, W. R.M. Mason (21 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); same data, 14– 20.vii.1968, G.E. Shewell (5 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC): Sachs Harbour (Banks Is.), 27–30.vi.1968, W. R. Mason (6 ♂, 9 ♀, CNC); Victoria Is., 71°17′N, 114°W, 1–30.vii.1975, G. & M. Wood (29 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC). Nunavut: Axel Heiberg Is., 79°25′N, 90°45′W, 19–23.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (9 ♂, 18 ♀, CNC); same data, Gypsum Hill, 20–21.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (8 ♂, 16 ♀, CNC); same data, Colour Lk., 22.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (2 ♂, CNC); same data, Wolf R., 24.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (2 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); same data, Wh. Glacier, 26.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (1 ♂, CNC); same data, creek 4 km NE, 4.viii.1963, H.K. Rutz (1 ♀, CNC); Cambridge Bay, 18–26.vii.1950, G.K. Sweatman (13 ♂, 22 ♀, CNC); Cambridge Bay, 20.vii.1950, E.H.N. Smith (7 ♂, 13 ♀, CNC); Coral Harbour, Southampton Is., 6–8.vii.1948, G.E. Shewell (12 ♂, 30 ♀, CNC); Ellesmere Is., 79°29′N, 75°50′W, 18–24.vii., 1–15.viii.1980, J.S.E.P.M.B. (22 ♂, 21 ♀, CNC); Eureka, Ellesmere Is., 28.vii.1953, 3–26.vii.1954, P.F. Bruggemann (10 ♂, 18 ♀, CNC); Hazen Camp, 81°49′N, 71°18′W, 14–25.vi., 4–20.vii.1962, R.B. Madge (8 ♂, 12 ♀, CNC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, UGIC); Hazen Camp, NE.372, 81°49′N, 71°16′W, 8–12.vii.1962, D. R. Oliver (2 ♀, CNC); Hazen Camp, Ellesmere Is., 9–22.vii.1961, D. R. Oliver (10 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); same data, 19–24.vi.1962, J.F. McAlpine (25 ♂, 26 ♀, CNC); Hazen Lake, Elles- mere Is., 2–26.vii.1963, B. Hocking (11 ♂, 14 ♀, CNC); Hazen Lake, Ellesmere Is., 9–17.vii.1963, M.10, A.9, C.D. Sharplin (7 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC); Hazen Camp, 89°49′N, 71°18′W, 11–16.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (14 ♂, 20 ♀, CNC); same data, 1.viii.1963, J. R. Vockeroth (2 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same data, 17.vii.1963, R.E. Leech (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Hazen Camp, 81°49′N, 71°16′W, 12.vii.1962, J.A. Downes (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); same data, 1.vii.1962, P.S. Corbet (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Hot Weather Creek, Forsheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Is., 79°58′N, 84°28′W, on Dryas flowers, wet meadows, fen, 18–28.vi., 1–25.vii.1990, F. Brodo (12 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); Lady Melville Lk., 93°15′W, 69°25′N, 3.vii.1951, J.G. Chillcott (2 ♂, 3 ♀, CNC); Nettilling Lk., Baffin Is., 9.vii.1925, J.D. Soper (1 ♂, CNC); Spence Bay, 2–22.vii.1951, J.G. Chillcott, A.E. R. Downe (12 ♂, 14 ♀, CNC); Tanquary Fjord, Ellesmere Is., 18.vii.1963, H.K. Rutz (4 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC). Yukon: 68°01′N, 136°42′W, hilltop, Surfbird knob, 30.vi.1987, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀, UGIC); Brit- ish Mts., 69°13′N, 140°05′W, 21–25.vi.1984, G. & M. Wood & D. Lafontaine, CNC 163271, CNC 163272 (2 ♂, barcoded, CNC); Dempster Hwy, km 155, 18–20.vi. 1980, 950 m, Wood & Lafontaine (4 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Herschel Is, 28–29.vi.1971, D.M. Wood (1 ♀, CNC). GREENLAND. Nedre Midsommer Sö [not shown on Fig. 26 ], 24.vi., 1–30.vii., 5.viii.1966, Can. Peary Land Expd. (109 ♂, 116 ♀, CNC); Greenland (1 ♂, 4 ♀, USNM); Hoels Expd., viii.1930, Østgrønland (2 ♂, MZH).

Diagnosis. This dark legged-and dark setose species is distinguished from other species of Pararhamphomyia by its very long thoracic setae with 6–7 scutellar setae and many long proepisternal setae, entirely pruinose scutum, male hind femur with several rows of setae anteroventrally, especially more stout apically, male hind tibia evenly tapered, straight, long filamentous phallus and male cercus strongly constricted in middle and V-shaped.

Redescription. Wing length 4.8–5.4 mm. Male. Head dark in ground-colour, with dense greyish pruinescence on face, frons, postgena and occiput. Holoptic, eye with ommatidia larger on upper half, smaller on lower half. Frons represented by very small triangular space below ocellar tubercle and larger subtriangular space above antennae, bare; face very short, bare, with oral margin dark and shiny. Ocellar triangle dark, subshiny, with 2 pairs of subequally long setae; 3 pairs of postocellar setae dark, finer, shorter than ocellar setae. Occiput bearing dense row of postocular setae, black, long, only present on upper occipital section; occipital setae slightly shorter than postocular setae; postgena bearing many setae, more slender than occipital and postocular setae. Antenna dark brown; scape slightly longer than pedicel; pedicel bulbous; postpedicel 3X longer than basal width; subequal to length of scape. Palpus brownish-black, with setulae long and dark. Clypeus large, with margin shiny and somewhat medially, otherwise pruinescent; labrum lustrous and dark reddish-brown with pale apex, longer than head height; labellum with ventral side black and bearing dark setulae.

Thorax dark in ground-colour, largely densely pruinescent; 2 indistinct dark vittae between acr and dc rows. Proepisternum with more than 10 long, dark setae on lower section; upper proepisternum in front of spiracle bare; prosternum bare. Antepronotum with dense, stout dark setae, shorter in middle, longer laterally. Postpronotal lobe with dense cluster of more than 15 uniformly long setae. Scutum with dense biserial row of long, dark acr increasing in length posteriorly; dc slightly longer than acr, increasing in length posteriorly; more than 10 presut spal; notopleuron bearing cluster of long, dark setae anteriorly and 5–6 stronger setae posteriorly; cluster of slender prealar setae; 5–6 psut spal; 2–3 pal; scutellum with 6–7 pairs of dark, stout, long setae. Laterotergite bearing dense cluster of dark setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles brown with darker ring.

Legs reddish brown, subshiny; coxae similar to thorax. Hind and mid coxae with numerous dark, stout, lateral setae; fore coxa with many long, stout setae anteriorly. Fore femur with 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral row of setae, finer than those of mid and hind femora. Mid femur with 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral row of stout setae; some long ventral setae near base. Hind femur ( Fig. 23B ) with 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral row of setae; anteroventral setae longer and stronger than posteroventrals, especially apically. Fore tibia with mat of fine golden ventral and posterior setulae; numerous long, thin, pale setae posteriorly; 5–7 stout anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; circlet of strong subapical setae. Mid tibia with 5–7 stout anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; numerous fine posterior setae; anteroventral and posteroventral rows of stout setae, shorter than tibial width; several spine-like preapical ventral setae. Hind tibia ( Fig. 23B ) uniform in thickness, with anteroventral row of dark, stout setae on apical 2/3; row of stout anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae; 1 seta in posteroapical comb, longer than apical width of tibia. All tarsomere 1 slender with preapical circlet of dark, stout setae less than twice tarsal width; stout anteroventral, posteroventral and dorsal setae; tarsomeres with distinct white ventral pile.

Wing lightly infuscate with yellowish brown veins; all veins complete (except Sc and CuA+CuP), well sclerotized, except CuA+CuP faint and reduced. Basal costal seta present; pterostigma brownish. Anal lobe well-developed; axillary incision forming rectangular angle. Halter black to light brown.

Abdomen dark brown with paler posterior margins of tergites; clothed with dark, stout setae. Tergites bearing longer setae laterally. Sternites bearing long finer setae. Sternite 8 bearing many long, stout, dark posteromarginal setae, subequal to length of sclerite; closely approximated with tergite 8 laterally. Tergite 8 half length of sternite 8, projecting upright with numerous marginal setae.

Terminalia ( Fig. 23A ) dark. Epandrium elongate, narrow, constricted in middle, projecting far beyond cercus; ventral margin bearing many long setae on apical half; dorsal margin of apex bearing many fine, short setae, forming pile; stouter erect setae at middle. Cercus V-shaped, strongly constricted in middle; anterior lobe half-length of posterior lobe with truncate apex; posterior lobe parallel-sided, broadly rounded apically (appearing truncate in dried specimens); bearing many short setae, finer on posterior lobe than on anterior lobe. Hypandrium slim, short, ending at base of swollen phallus. Phallus filamentous, very long, with slight inward curve towards middle, forming loop extending beyond epandrium and recurved between cerci; ejaculatory apodeme small, rectangular, with truncate dorsal margin, lateral wings subequal in size with vertical wing.

Female. Similar to male, except wing darker; frons with several pairs of setae; leg chaetotaxy less robust and tarsomeres with reduced ventral pile; without pennate leg setae.

Distribution. Rhamphomyia filicauda is recorded across the low and high arctic from Greenland to Yukon Territory ( Fig. 24 ) and is also recorded from Wrangel Is. ( Russia) (Shamshev unpubl. data).

Remarks. Rhamphomyia filicauda is assigned to the R. caudata group (see below) and will key to the R. longestylata species group of Barták & Kubík (2009). In North America the R. caudata group also includes R. priapulus Loew , R. minytus Walker , R. septentrionalis sp. nov., R. ursinella Melander and two undescribed species. The R. caudata group is defined here by dark or pale halteres and male legs are rather long and slender with the hind femur more or less incrassate in some species. The male cerci and epandrium are long, slender and lamellate; the cerci are simple, usually with raised basal part; the epandrium usually bears a row of several strong setae on subdorsal margin of basal half; and the phallus is very long and fine, extending posteriorly well beyond apex of the epandrium, then recurved into it.

Downes (1970) listed some prey records for this species. In addition, R. filicauda has been observed feeding on nectar in flowers of Dryas integrifolia and Salix sp. ( McAlpine 1965; Brodo 2000, fig. 9). The female terminalia of R. filicauda was illustrated in Steyskal & Knutson (1981, fig. 54).

Figures

FIGURE 22. Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck. A. filicauda, lectotype, lateral view; B. filicauda type labels; C. similata Malloch holotype, lateral view; D. similata Malloch type labels.

FIGURE 23. Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck. A. Male terminalia, lateral view; B. Male hindleg, anterior view.

FIGURE 24. Known distribution of Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck in North America (arrow indicates localities beyond border of map).

FIGURE 26. Known distribution of Rhamphomyia (Pararhamphomyia) frigida sp. nov. in North America (arrow indicates localities beyond border of map).