Rhodophana, KUHNER AND OTHER CLOSELY RELATED

Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Dima, Bálint, Consiglio, Giovanni, Noordeloos, Machiel Evert, Papp, Viktor, Bera, Ishika, Ghosh, Aniket, Rossi, Walter, Leonardi, Marco & Das, Kanad, 2021, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 101 - 110, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5), pp. 63-89 : 82-83

KEY OF THE EUROPEAN SPECIES OF RHODOPHANA KÜHNER AND OTHER CLOSELY RELATED TAXA

1. Species with fairly bright shades of red, orange-red to orange brown ........................................................... 2

— Dull, whitish, grey-brown, ochraceous brown or brown species................................................................... 4

2. Orange-brown species with a strong odour and taste of rancid flour............................................................... ................................................................................................... Rhodophana nitellina (Fr.) Kühner sensu lato

— Species odourless or with not distinctive fungoid smell................................................................................ 3

3. Orange-fulvous then rosy buff cap; spores 5-6.5 × 3-4.5 µm .......................................................................... ......................................... Rhodophana rubroparvula (Dähncke, Contu & Vizzini) T.J. Baroni & Bergemann

— Dark red to orange-red cap; spores 6.5-7.5 × 4-4.5 µm ........................... Collybia cuprea J. Favre , nom. inval.

4. Reduced lateral stipe; pleurotoid species, with fairly large spores of 7.3-10 × 4.6-6 µm................................... .................................................................................................................. Rhodocybe tillii Krisai & Noordel.

— Well-developed and central stipe ................................................................................................................. 5

5. Stipe with large irregular bulb (sclerotia) resulting from parasitism of another fungus (probably a Lyophyllum ); whitish species................................................................... Rhodophana stangliana (Bresinsky & Pfaff) Vizzini

— Not this character........................................................................................................................................ 6

6. Spore-print greyish, no or slight floury odour.............................................................................................. 7

— Spore-print pink; variable odour ................................................................................................................. 8

7. Greyish to whitish cap; subglobose spores measuring 5-6 × 4-4,5 µm............................................................. ................................................................................................................. Rhodocybe peculiaris Contu & Bon

— Ochraceous to yellowish-brown; ellipsoid spores measuring 6.5-7.5 × 3.5-4 µm............................................. ................................................................................................ Rhodocybe griseospora (A. Pearson) P.D. Orton

8. Whitish beige pileus, more or less funnel-shaped......................................................................................... 9

— More colourful, plane or papillate pileus ................................................................................................... 10

9. Spores clearly polygonal-verrucose, 3,5-4,5 × 3-3,5 µm; non-nitrophilic species............................................. ................................................................................................ Rhodocybe infundibuliformis Bidaud & Contu

— Spores appearing almost smooth, 4-5 × 2,7-3,5 µm; nitrophilic species .......................................................... ................................................................................................................. Rhodocybe subcaespitosa Esteve-Rav

10. Pileus dark brown to blackish brown......................................................................................................... 11

— Pileus ochraceous brown to greyish brown or olive brown ......................................................................... 13

11. Pileus dark brown with purplish hue at the margin; spores 4.7-7 × 3.4-4.7 µm .............................................. .......................................................................................................... Rhodocybe microspora (Velen.) Noordel.

— Pileus blackish-brown with no purplish tinges........................................................................................... 12

12. Odour faint; spores 5-6 (6.5) × 3.5-4.5 µm................................................................................................... ............................................................... Clitopilus fuscoumbonatus Pérez-De-Greg., Contu, Roqué & Vizzini

— Strong farinaceous odour; spores 6-8 × 4.5-5 µm ........................................................................................... .............................. Rhodophana fuscofarinacea (Noordel. & Kosonen) Consiglio, Noordel., Dima & Eyssart.

13. Strong farinaceous odour........................................................................................................................... 14

— No, faint or at most slightly floury odour when cut................................................................................... 16

14. Spores 7-11 (13) × 4.7-5.5 (6) µm.................................................... Rhodophana griseobrunnea E. Musumeci

— Spores much smaller.................................................................................................................................. 15

15. Cap dark brown, yellowish to ochraceous, gills pale cream to ochraceous-beige, forming little or no contrast with the top of the stipe; spores 4.5-7 × 3-4 µm .............................................................................................. .................................................... Rhodophana melleopallens (P.D. Orton) Kluting, T.J. Baroni & Bergemann

— Rather dull ochraceous-brown cap, hazelnut to bistre, whitish to creamy greyish very pale, forming a striking contrast with the stipe; spores 4.4-5.5 × 3.3-3.8 µm........................................................................................ .............................................................................. Rhodophana corylina Consiglio, Dima & Eyssart. , sp. nov.

16. Large spores 7-10 × 4.4-6 µm................................................. Rhodocybe hispanica Esteve-Rav. & G. Moreno

— Spores up to 7.5 µm long .......................................................................................................................... 17 17. Brown cap, stipe with obvious white floccules (looks like Myochromella boudieri ); spores 4.9-6.4 × 3.3- 4.2 µm ........................................ Rhodophana hausknechtii (Consiglio & Contu) Consiglio, Dima & Eyssart.

— Stipe without floccules .............................................................................................................................. 18

18. Slender habit (of a Nolanea ), cap up to 4 cm in diameter, blackening at the margin; subglobose spores 6.5-8 × 5-6.5 µm........................................................................................................... Rhodocybe priscua T. J. Baroni

— Stocky habit, cap up to 2 cm in diameter, not blackening; spores narrowly ellipsoid, 5.7-7.25 × 3.3-4.3 µm.. ........................................................................................................................... Rhodocybe leucophylla ad int.