Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Malombe (2009: 326) 2009

Gil-Novoa, Jorge Enrique & Costa, Denise Pinheiro, 2023, Synopsis of the species of Cheilolejeunea (Marchantiophyta, Lejeuneaceae) in the Pacific dominion and Páramo province of tropical America, Phytotaxa 587 (2), pp. 73-120 : 114

31. Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Malombe (2009: 326) 2009 .—

Jungermannia xanthocarpa Lehm. & Lindenb. (in Lehmann 1833: 8).

Type:— BRAZIL. Ad Novum Friburgum, H.K. Beyrich s.n. (S, lectotype designated by Grolle & Piippo 1990).— Fig. 20S–Z .

Plants pale glaucous or light green, 1.2–2 mm wide. Stems in cross section 95–130 µm in diameter, 11–18 epidermal cells, 10–32 × 7–19 µm; 18–29 medullary cells, 8–24 × 6–15 µm. Ventral merophytes 4–6 cells wide. Leaves imbricate, orbicular to ovate-elongate, concave, 820–1000 × 640–850 µm, margin entire, apex rounded, ventral margin strongly curved; cells orbicular to subquadrate, mammillose and usually thick-walled on the dorsal side, conspicuous trigones; basal cells 16–33 × 12–25 µm, median cells 14–27 × 9–28 µm, marginal cells 10–19 × 8–16 µm. Lobules rectangular, ca. 1/2 of leaf length, tooth variable in length, 1–5 cells long and 1–2 cells wide at the base, free margin flat. Underleaves imbricate, reniform, 410–500 × 360–730 µm, 4–7.5 × stem width, margin entire, base cordate. Autoicous. Androecia on short-specialized branches, 2–4 pairs of bracts. Gynoecia with pycnolejeuneoid innovations, bracts obovate, 950 × 600 µm, apex acute. Perianth 5-keeled, keels weak to very strongly developed, beak short. Vegetative reproduction unknown.

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical ( Evans 1907, Schuster 1980). In the Neotropics occurring from Costa Rica to Argentina ( Bastos 2017, Gradstein 2021). This species is widely distributed in the study area on tree trunks and branches, or on rocks, in the coastal desert and semi-desert and in the inter-Andean desert and semi-desert; also in savannas, in deciduous forests, in lower and upper montane rainforest, and in grass páramos, between 500 and 3500 m, in the Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Guajira, Magdalena, Cauca, and Galápagos Islands provinces (Gradstein 2021) of the Pacific dominion, and in the Páramo province of SATZ ( Fig. 21 ).

Comments: —Characterized by its pale glaucous green color, leaves with ventral margins strongly curved, cells mammillose and with thickened outer wall, lobules 1/3–2/3 x the leaf length, and underleaves undivided, 4–7.5 × stem width. The length of the lobe tooth can vary considerably, from 1–5 cells, which can lead to confusion with C. unciloba ; however, in most specimens of the latter, the leaves are flat to slightly recurved at apex only the leaf cells are thin-walled, and the underleaves tend to be more reniform.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Rio Acima , 20°05’10”S 43°41’15”S, 1628 m, 6 June 2017, Oliveira 412 ( BHCB) . Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia , 2400 m, 13 April 2000, Costa 3844 ( RB) . Santa Catarina: S„o Joaquim , 28°14’15”S, 49°49’10”W, 1490 m, 15 November 2003, Costa 4307 ( RB). São Paulo: S„o Bernardo do Campo , 23°49’35”S, 46°30’46”W, 780 m, Prudêncio 632 ( RB) . COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Abejorral , vereda El Guaico , 5°54’30.9”N, 75°26’47.7”W, 2133 m, Ordoñez 733 ( HUA) ; Angelópolis, vereda San Isidro , 6°6’22.7”N, 75°43’14.9”W, 2130 m, 5 November 2016, Rodriguez 32 ( HUA) ; Bello, Alto de San Felix , 6°20’N, 75°40’W, 2800–3000 m, 26 July 1998, Parra (549) ; Caldas, vereda La Clara , 6°3’43.6”N, 75°37’34.8”W, 1897 m, Ordoñez 165 ( HUA) ; Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita , 1850 m, 20 November 1986, Thiers 4040 ( HUA) ; La Estrella , 6°8’50.24”N, 75°37’47.32”W, 1697 m, Ordoñez 146 ( HUA) ; Medellin, corregimiento Santa Elena , 6°15’54.1”N, 75°31’24.6”W, 27 August 2015, Ordoñez 499 ( HUA) ; Rionegro, sector Llanogrande , 6°8’31”N, 75°23’56.7”W, 2106 m, 12 July 2017, Hernández 1525 ( HUA) . San Luis , 682 m, 7 June 2018, Carvajal 12 ( HUA) . Boyacá: Arcabuco , 5°44’28.9’’N, 73°23’56.5’’W, 2960 m, 8 December 2021, Gil-Novoa & Costa 3689, 3693 ( UPTC) ; Cienega, vereda Cebadal , 5°21’77.9”N, 73°16’46”W, 2785 m, 5 December 2012, Moreno 1033 ( UPTC) ; Samacá, vda. Chorrera , 5°26’12”N, 73°33’12”W, 3450 m, 21 December 2004, Alvaro 861 ( UPTC) ; Tunja, RFP El Malmo , 3150 m, 23 November 2002, Alvaro 344 ( UPTC) ; Villa de Leyva, Santuario de Flora y Fauna de Iguaque , 2100–2900 m, 9 June 2001, Acosta 19 ( UPTC) . Casanare: Sácama , 1440 m, 16 August 1982, Aguirre 3026 ( COL) ; La Salina , 2600 m, 18 August 1982, Aguirre 3163 ( COL) . Cundinamarca: Bogotá, Cerros Orientales , 4°34’15.12”N, 74°3’15,42”W, 3361 m, 8 May 2018, Malagón 1332 ( COL) ; Chipaque , 4°27’51”N, 74°04’28.5”W, 3231–3300 m, 4 November 2016, Delgado 125 ( UDBC) ; Guasca , 3150 m, 7 August 1980, Gradstein 3674a ( COL) ; Subachoque, cuchilla El Tablazo , 3360 m, 6 November 1983, Linares 947 ( COL) . Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta , cuchilla de San Lorenzo , 13 January 1967, Winkler C209 ( COL) . Santander: Charalá , 1200 m, 25 October 1988, Schuster 88-1086 ( COL) . San José de Suaita , 1600 m, 8 November 1998, Uribe 3361 ( COL) . ECUADOR. Piñas: 3°39.3’S, 79°44.3’W, 960 m, 17 March 2012, Schafer-Verwimp 32928/D ( QCA) . Zamora–Chinchipe: Reserva Biológica San Francisco , 03°58’18”S, 79°04’14”W, 1800 m, May 2001, Holz 557, 568 ( QCA) . VENEZUELA. Mérida: Sierra Nevada de Mérida, 2700 m, 25–25 February 1976, Schuster 76-1492a ( F) . Táchira: s. of Villa Paez , Páramo de Tama , 3140 m, 1 March 1976, Schuster 76-1926b ( F).

Figures

FIGURE 20. Cheilolejeunea trifaria var. clausa A-B. Cladographs of fertile plants (solid ellipse = androecia, open ellipse = gynoecia with perianth, U= gynoecia without perianth); C. Shoot in ventral view; D. Perianth; E. Shoot with androecia in ventral view; F. Leaf and lobule; G. Lobule; H. Ventral merophyte; I. Underleaf; J. Leaf lobe cells with trigones. Cheilolejeunea unciloba K. Cladograph of fertile plants (solid ellipse = androecia, open ellipse = gynoecia with perianth, U= gynoecia without perianth); L. Shoot in ventral view; M. Shoot with perianth in ventral view; N. Shoot with androecia in ventral view; O. Leaf and lobule; P. Ventral merophyte; Q. Apex of lobule; R. Leaf lobe cells with trigones. Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa S. Cladograph of fertile plants (solid ellipse = androecia, open ellipse = gynoecia with perianth); T-U. Shoots in ventral view; V. Ventral merophyte with underleaf; W. Leaf and lobule; X. Lobule and border leaf; Y. Underleaf; Z. Leaf lobe cells with trigones.

FIGURE 21. Distribution of Cheilolejeunea trifaria var. clausa, C. unciloba and C. xanthocarpa in Pacific dominion and Páramo province.