Trilobitofoenus plaumanni Macedo

Macedo, Antonio Carlos Cruz, 2009, Generic classification for the Gasteruptiinae (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) based on a cladistic analysis, with the description of two new Neotropical genera and the revalidation of Plutofoenus Kieffer, Zootaxa 2075, pp. 1-32 : 21-23

Trilobitofoenus plaumanni Macedo n. sp.

( Figs. 5 , 6g , 7 g, 8b, 11k–l, 12f, 13h, 14f, 15)

Holotype. Female. Type locality: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia, 24.XII.1948, F. Plaumann ( BMNH). Label: BRAZIL: Nova Teutônia 24.xii.1948 Fritz Plaumann B.M. 1957–341.

Paratypes. Six females. BRAZIL: Nova Teutônia 24.xii.1948 Fritz Plaumann B.M. 1957–341, 3 Ƥ (one missing metasoma beyond segment 3) ( BMNH); BRAZIL: Nova Teutônia 6.1.1949 Fritz Plaumann B.M. 1957–341, 1 Ƥ ( BMNH); Nova Teutônia Santa Catarina XII–15–55 Braz Fritz Plaumann, 1 Ƥ ( AEIC); BRASIL Nova Teutônia Santa Catarina 16/XII/1948, Dirings, 1 Ƥ (missing antennae beyond 1st flagellomere, left hind leg and middle legs beyond femur, and entirely metasoma) ( MZSP).

Etymology. The name of this species is in honor of Fritz Plaumann, a German entomologist who lived in southern Brazil and collected most the examined specimens.

Diagnosis. Differs from T. alvarengai by the presence of the discal cell ( Fig. 7 g) (absent in T. alvarengai ). Differs from T. sericeus by the presence of the discal cell ( Fig. 7 g) (absent in T. sericeus ), and by the mesoscutum striate posteriorly ( Fig. 12 f) (areolate rugose in T. sericeus ).

Description. Female. Length: 12.7 mm (10.9–14.4 mm) (n=5: holotype, 3 paratypes from BMNH, paratype from AEIC); ovipositor sheath length 0.46 (0.41–0.50)X body length.

Head. Dark brown, imbricate, as long as wide ( Fig. 11 k); head length 1.32 (1.29–1.35)X eye length; eye length 21.50 (17.33–28.50)X malar space; distance from posterior ocellus to occipital margin 3.25 (3.17–3.42)X distance between posterior ocelli; 1st flagellomere 1.16 (1.11–1.19)X as long as scape, 2.43 (2.10–2.71)X as long as pedicel, 1.10 (1.05–1.19)X as long as 2nd flagellomere; mandible medial tooth distinct; frontal carina absent; posterior ocellus inserted at level of upper eye margin ( Fig. 11 k); occipital carina wider dorsally than laterally.

Mesosoma. Predominantly black, dorsal and lateral lobes of pronotum red brown; fore and middle legs with coxa, trochanter and femur red brown, tibia and tarsus yellow brown; hind leg with coxa dark brown, trochanter, femur and tibia red brown, tibia with sub-basal portion yellow, tarsus dark brown; mesosoma (excluding propleuron) 1.36 (1.32–1.38)X as long as high; propleuron 1.26 (1.18–1.32)X longer than its largest wide, 0.95 (0.89–1.00)X pronotum length; metacoxa 2.22 (1.96–2.65)X as long as wide; metatibia 3.98 (3.79–4.17)X as long as wide, 1.28 (1.23–1.32)X as long as femur, 2.88 (2.84–2.93)X as long as 1st tarsomere; propleuron imbricate dorsally and sparsely punctate laterally; pronotal lobes imbricate, area between lobes crenulate ( Fig. 13 h); mesoscutum with two distinct areas, imbricate anteriorly and striate posteriorly ( Fig. 12 f); mesoscutellum imbricate; mesepisternum with dorsal portion imbricate and ventral portion areolate; mesepimeron scrobiculate; metapleuron areolate, ventral margin near middle coxa rugulose; propodeum areolate, median propodeal carina indistinct ( Fig. 14 f); fore wing discal cell subtriangular, vein 2–Cu arched ( Fig. 7 g), vein r–m spectral ( Fig. 5a ); hind wing without pigmented veins; 3–4 hamuli (3/3: 14.3%, 3/4: 14.3%, 4/3: 28.6%, 4/4: 42.9%).

Metasoma. Dark brown, imbricate, 3.19 (2.97–3.57)X as long as mesosoma; ovipositor sheath dark brown, with apex yellow, 0.73 (0.67–0.81)X as long as metasoma ( Fig. 5 ).

Male. Unknown.

Distribution. Brazil (Santa Catarina) ( Fig. 15 ).

Comments. Trilobitofoenus plaumanni is described from seven females, all collected in Nova Teutônia, Brazil, one of the best collected places in the entire Neotropics. In relation to the other Trilobitofoenus species, this is the only one that retained a discal cell. This cell is absent by parallelism in other Gasteruptiidae , including several Gasteruption and Pseudofoenus species.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Head in dorsal and lateral views. a – b: Plutofoenus chaeturus; c – d: P. e d w a rd s i; e – f: P. paraguayensis; g – h: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; i – j: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; k – l: T. plaumanni; m – n: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 12. Mesonotum in dorsal view. a: Plutofoenus chaeturus; b: P. e d w a rd s i; c: P. paraguayensis; d: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; e: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; f: T. plaumanni; g: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 13. Mesosoma in lateral view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b: G. guildingi; c: Plutofoenus chaeturus; d: P. edwardsi, e: P. paraguayensis; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus alvarengai; h: T. plaumanni; i: T. sericeus. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Lobes of pronotum: vl: ventral lobe; dl: dorsal lobe; ll: lateral lobe. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 14. Propodeum and metacoxa in dorsal view. a: Gasteruption bispinosum; b – c: Plutofoenus edwardsi; d: Gasteruption sp. I; e: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; f: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 15. Geographic distribution of the species of Plutofoenus, Spinolafoenus and Trilobitofoenus.

FIGURE 5. a – b: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni habitus. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 6. a – g: Head in anterior view. a: Aulacus sp. A; b: Pseudofoenus infumatus; c: Gasteruption bispinosum; d: G. nasutum (without scale); e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h – i: Left mandible in frontal view (without scale). h: G. bispinosum; i: Plutofoenus edwardsi. Scale bar: 1.0 mm. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic states (within brackets).

FIGURE 7. a – b: Left fore wing (scale bar: 1.0 mm). a: Pseudofoenus infumatus; b: Gasteruption bispinosum; c – h: Left fore wing discal cell (without scale); c: G. bispinosum; d: G. p a r v u m; e: Plutofoenus edwardsi; f: Spinolafoenus ruficornis; g: Trilobitofoenus plaumanni; h: T. alvarengai. Numbers indicate characters and respective synapomorphic