Simothraulopsis janae Mariano, 2010

Do, Jeane M. C., Salles, Frederico F. & Hamada, Neusa, 2017, Systematics of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), Zootaxa 4285 (1), pp. 1-81 : 37-42

Simothraulopsis janae Mariano, 2010

( Figs 24–28 )

Simothraulopsis janae Mariano 2010: 132 ; Lima et al. 2012: 311.

Diagnosis. Male imago: 1) general coloration: blackish brown, abdomen black ( Figs 24 A, B); 2) hind wing with costal projection forming an acute angle, located approximately 2/3 distance from base to apex of wing ( Fig. 25 B, C); 3) abdominal segments II–VI with translucent white basal bands ( Figs 24 A, B); 4) penis lobes with sclerotized thin plate on dorsal region ( Figs 25 D); 5) penis lobes slender, fused on basal 2/3 ( Fig. 25 D); 6) penis projection spine-like, of median size (approximately half of the total length of penis lobes) and laterally directed ( Fig. 25 D); 7) ventral region of penis lobes without a well-marked sclerotized region ( Fig. 24 D). Mature nymph: 1) femora and tibiae with medial and submedial well-marked grayish bands ( Figs 26 A, B); 2) fore and middle tibiae with inner margins with pectinate setae ( Fig. 28 A, B); 3) femur III slender, about four times longer than wide ( Fig. 28 C); 4) posterolateral projections presents on abdominal segments VIII and IX ( Fig. 26 C); 5) gills light gray ( Fig. 26 D).

Male imago. Length: body: 4.1–4.6 mm; forewing: 4.9–5.2 mm; hind wing: 0.7–0.9 mm.

Head. Dorsal region brown with gray marks; ventral region whitish yellow, with black marks. Upper portion of compound eyes grayish brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by dark reddish gray ( Figs 24 A– C). Scape and pedicel of antenna grayish brown, flagellum gray, translucent at apex.

Thorax. Pronotum brown with margins and medial, submedial and transversal black marks. Mesonotum blackish brown; longitudinal medial and medioparapsidal sutures yellowish brown; lateral scutal sutures, scutoscutellar impression and scutellum black. Pleura brown irregularly washed with black; membranous area whitish and brownish ( Figs 24 A–C). Metanotum brown. Sterna yellowish brown, sutures dark brown. Wings membrane hyaline ( Figs 25 A–C). Forewing with longitudinal veins yellowish and cross veins light yellow; costal arms and base of veins C and Sc dark brown; fork of vein MP symmetric ( Fig. 25 A). Hind wing with costal projection well developed, forming an acute angle, located approximately 2/3 distance from base to apex of wing; veins yellowish, except base of vein C to costal projection brown; with a slender area of costal region black, lower portion of hind wing completely blackish brown ( Figs 25 B, C). Legs. Coxae yellowish brown with a gray mark on apical region; trochanters whitish. Leg I: femur brown, apical region whitish, except a slender, darker apical band; tibia black on basal half, apical half white; tarsus whitish. Legs II and III: femora whitish with a medial large band and a slender apical brown band; tibiae black on basal half and apical half whitish.

Abdomen. Terga black; margins darker. Tergum I completely blackish brown; terga II and III with a slender translucent white basal band; terga IV and V with basal half translucent white; tergum VI with a slender translucent whitish band; tergum X yellowish brown with black margins ( Figs 24 A, B). Sterna whitish, except lateral margins of segments V–VII washed with light brown and sternum VIII almost completely translucent white. Genitalia ( Figs 24 D; 25D). Styliger plate yellowish brown, posterolateral angle and lateral margin blackish. Forceps segment I dark brown, lighter apically; segments II and III whitish brown. Segment II 0.15 length of segment I, 1.2 length of segment III. Penis lobes whitish brown, fused on basal 2/3, with sclerotized thin plate on dorsal region; lobes very close, almost touching, inner margins parallel; each lobe slender, rounded apically, with a laterally directed spinelike projection of median size (approximately half of the total length of penis lobes); ventral region of penis lobes without a well-marked sclerotized region ( Fig. 24 D). Caudal filaments whitish, except base and apical margins of each segment dark brown.

Female imago. Length: body: 4.8–5.3 mm; forewing: 5.1–5.7 mm; hind wing: 0.6–0.8 mm. Color pattern similar to male imago, except general coloration more brownish. Sternum IX with lateral margins dark brown.

Mature nymph. Length: body, 4.5–4.9 mm; antenna, 2.9–3.3 mm; cerci, 2.9–3.3 mm; caudal filament, 4.3–4.5 mm. General coloration brown ( Fig. 26 ).

Head. Brown, with dark gray marks; with yellowish white marks near ocelli.. Upper portion of male compound eyes orangish gray, lower portion black. Eyes of female and ocelli black. Scape and pedicel of antenna brown, flagellum brownish yellow. Maximum width of labrum 1.16 times maximum width of clypeus ( Figs 26 A– D). Labrum ( Fig. 27 A) brown, with gray marks; anteromedial emargination broad, with five denticles of equal size. Mandible ( Fig. 27 B) brown washed with gray, translucent on apical region (except incisors and molar area yellowish) and near basal articulation; with a yellowish, rounded mark medially located; outer margin slightly curved, with 4–5 filiform, long, thick setae medially located. Maxilla ( Fig. 27 C) yellowish translucent, outer margin gray. Segment II of maxillary palpi 1.2 length of segment I, 2.2 length of segment III. Hypopharynx as in figure 27D. Labium as in figure 27E.

Thorax. Terga orangish brown with dark brown marks; anterior margin of pronotum with 3–4 spines; pleura whitish washed with brown ( Fig. 26 A, B); sterna whitish yellow. Legs. General coloration yellowish. Coxae and trochanters yellowish brown, coxae with a gray mark on dorsal region. Femora with a transversal dark gray stripe; with medial and subapical well-marked grayish brown bands. Tibiae with basal and subapical grayish brown bands ( Fig. 26 A, B). Femur III slender, about four times longer than wide ( Fig. 28 C). Leg I. ( Fig. 28 A). Coxa with filiform setae. Trochanter with few filiform setae. Femur: outer margin with apical half with long, stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae; dorsal surface with stout and spatulate setae; with stout setae near outer margin and thick, bifid setae near inner margin. Tibia: inner margin with pectinate setae and filiform, thick setae near inner margin. Tarsus with few stout setae along inner margin and filiform setae along outer margin. Leg II ( Fig. 28 B). Coxa and trochanter with few filiform setae. Femur: outer margin with basal half with short stout setae, apical half with long, stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae; dorsal surface with spatulate setae and few lanceolate setae. Tibia: inner margin with pectinate setae and stout setae; outer margin with filiform setae. Tarsus with filiform setae along inner and outer margins. Leg III ( Fig. 28 C). Coxa and trochanter bare. Femur: outer margin with basal half with stout setae, apical half with long, stout setae and short stout setae; inner margin with short stout setae along its entire length; dorsal surface with spatulate setae, region near inner margin with stout setae. Tibia: inner margin with stout setae; outer margin with stout setae and filiform setae; dorsal surface with thick, bifid setae near outer margin. Tarsus with short stout setae along inner margin and filiform setae along outer margin and dorsal surface.

Abdomen. Terga dark brown with black margin ( Fig. 26 A). Sterna whitish yellow. Gills light gray; tracheal region gray ( Fig. 26 D). Posterolateral projections present on abdominal segments VIII and IX ( Fig. 26 C). Caudal filaments brown.

Life cycle association. Reared.

Comments. The new records of S. janae considerably extend the distribution of the species to new regions of Brazil ( Fig. 49 ). The nymphs were collected in both small and large streams, mostly under submerged stones and in some cases in leaf litter.

Some variations in the general color pattern were observed in populations collected at the Serra do Tepequém (Roraima state). In general, specimens collected in this region have lighter coloration than those collected in other areas of Brazil.

Simothraulopsis janae has a color pattern very similar to that of S. demerara and S. dominguezi , sp.nov., however, it is clearly distinguished from these and others species of the genus by the conspicuous morphology of the male genitalia—the penis lobes are very slender ( Figs 24 D, 25D). Additionally, the penis lobes possess a thin, sclerotized dorsal plate, a feature unique to this species. Nymphs of these three species can be separated from each other by differences on general coloration of the body ( Figs 6 , 26 , 36 ) and by type and arrangements of setae on the legs ( Figs 8 , 28 , 38 ).

Material examined: BRAZIL: Bahia State: Barreiras : Rio de Janeiro river (S 11°53'53.8"; W 45°36'39.1"; 735m) 03/vi/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva JO cols: 3 N; Acaba Vida waterfall (S 11°53' 67"; W 45°36'42.2"; 700m) 14/x/2008, Calor AR, Mariano R & Mateus S, I ♂ . Rio de Contas: afluente do Rio de Contas (S 13°43'51.8"; W 45°22'36.1"; 1062m) 04/vi/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva JO cols: 4 N . Mato Grosso State: Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade : Parque Estadual Ricardo Franco stream (S 14°55'41.8"; W 60°01'11.5"; 269m) 10/ix/2012, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC, Boldrini R & Fernandes A cols: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 11 N; Capivari river (S 14°42'39.8"; W 60°14'57.1"; 221m) 11/ix/2012, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC, Boldrini R & Fernandes A cols: 11 N . Minas Gerais State: Pirapora: São Francisco river (S 17°21'05.4"; W 44°57'05.1"; 473m) 05/vi/2013, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Silva JO cols : 1 I ♂, 2 N. Pará State: Rurópolis : Afluente da Cachoeira do Grim (S 04°06'09.9"; W 54°58'23.3"; 137m) 02/x/2012, Nascimento JMC & Fernandes AS cols: 10 SI ♂ . Pernambuco State: Saltinho: Mamucabas river (S 08°43'21.6"; W 35°11'14"; 64m) 28/iv/2012 , Lima LRC col: 5 I ♂ ; Amajari: Amajari river (S 08°21'48.9"; W 35°28'49"; 354m) 04/v/2012 , Lima LRC col: 5 I ♂ . Rondônia State: Ribeirão: Pedra da Memória river (S 10°28'20.4"; W 65°20'5.0"; 120m) 21/viii/2012, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC, Boldrini R & Fernandes A cols: 7 ♂ ; Guajará-Mirin: Mamoré river (S 10°34'12.2"; W 65°23'47.7"; 112m) 22/viii/2012, Boldrini R & Fernandes A cols: 2 ♂ ; Nova Londrina: Urupá river (S 11°02'05.8"; W 62°08'34.1"; 182m) 02/ix/2012, Hamada N, Nascimento JMC & Fernandes A cols: 2 ♂, 5N. Roraina State: Amajari: Serra do Tepequém (N 03°87'39.6"; W 61°44'49.8"; 788m) 23/v/13, Gama-Neto J col : 13 I ♂.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Simothraulopsis demerara, nymph. A) male, dorsal view; B) female, dorsal view; C) gill IV; D) abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURE 8. Simothraulopsis demerara, nymph. A) foreleg; B) middle leg; C) hind leg.

FIGURE 24. Simothraulopsis janae, male imago. A) habitus, dorsal view; B) habitus, lateral view; C) head and thorax, detail; D) genitalia, ventral view.

FIGURE 25. Simothraulopsis janae, male imago. A) forewing; B) hind wing; C) enlarged hind wing; D) genitalia, ventral view (arrow indicate the sclerotized thin plate on dorsal region of the penis).

FIGURE 26. Simothraulopsis janae, nymph. A) dorsal view; B) lateral view; C) abdomen, ventral view; D) gill IV.

FIGURE 27. Simothraulopsis janae, nymph, mouthparts. A) labrum, dorsal view; B) right mandible; C) maxilla; D) hypopharynx; E) labium.

FIGURE 28. Simothraulopsis janae, nymph. A) foreleg; B) middle leg; C) hind leg.

FIGURE 36. Simothraulopsis dominguezi sp. nov., nymph. A) dorsal view; B) lateral view; C) abdomen, ventral view; D) gill IV.

FIGURE 38. Simothraulopsis dominguezi sp. nov., nymph. A) foreleg; B) middle leg; C) hind leg.

FIGURE 49. Map of South America showing the distribution of Simothraulopsis species. Red color represents previous records. Other colors represent new records.