DISCOSOMATICINAE, Roewer, 1923

Medrano, Miguel, Kury, Adriano Brilhante & Mendes, Amanda Cruz, 2022, Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 585-672 : 619

DISCOSOMATICINAE ROEWER, 1923

Discosominae Pickard-Cambridge, 1904: 549. Nomen permanently invalid, being based on a genus nomen preoccupied by Discosoma Rueppell & Leuckart, 1828 (Cnidaria) .

Discosomaticinae Roewer, 1923: 388 .

Comment: Our clade E corresponds to Discosomaticinae sensu Medrano & Kury (2018), contra Roewer (1923) although this time, the lenticular species are recovered as a clade, contra Medrano & Kury (2018). Two subclades may be recognized here, which interestingly correspond to a north-western versus south-eastern distribution areas. These subclades are here called tribes.

Diagnosis: Lateral borders of DS following the general body curvature. Pattern of white blots variable: mostly reticulated or punctate in Roquetteini , and with a blurred ring in some Sibambea . Coxa IV covered by DS so that only the posterior margin is apparent (except in Kayania ). Tarsomeres of leg III seven or more, often nine. Tarsal claws of legs III–IV bipectinated (provided with two rows of denticles). Lateral patches of cteniform T4 microsetae restricted to the corners of VP. Wattle stylar barbs reaching the ventral margin of the stylus and forming a ventral peak.

Combined distribution: Restricted to South America; notably absent in southern Brazil and in Venezuela. Present in the northern and southern Andes, Upper and Lower Amazon, the semi-arid diagonal, including flooded regions in Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay and Argentina, and the northern half of the Atlantic Forest ( Fig. 7 ).

KEY TO THE GENERA OF DISCOSOMATICINI

1. Area III with paired paramedian high armature ( Fig. 24D )........................................................................... 2 1’. Area III unarmed or only with low rounded tubercles, sometimes minute ( Fig. 31C )............................. 3

2. Armature of area III with shape of columns or thick rounded tubercles and area I with two yellowish paramedian spots ( Fig. 24D ); coxa IV with basal incrassation and medially compressed ( Figs 24A , 25A ) and with a lateral yellow stripe ( Fig. 24D, E ) ............................................................................................. Kayania 2’. Armature of area III with acuminate tubercles; area I entirely brown; coxa IV convex, not compressed and without any coloured stripe ( Fig. 27 )..................................................................................... Marronia

3. DS delta-type without constriction I ( Figs 5A , 42A ); mesotergal areas smooth or with extremely reduced ornamentations ( Fig. 42D ); coxa IV with basal thickening ( Figs 5I , 42E ) ...................................... Sibambea 3’. DS beta-type with poorly marked constriction I ( Fig. 5A ); areas of mesotergum with low ornamentation, as rounded buttons ( Fig. 33A, B ); coxa IV with or without basal thickening........................................... 4

4. Ocularium clearly darker than background ( Fig. 28A ); leg I with four BaTa ............................... Paraprotus 4’. Ocularium the same colour as the background ( Fig. 33A ); leg I with three or four BaTa .............. Protus

Figures

Figure 5. Examples of some characters defined by us and used in the present phylogenetic analysis.

Figure 7. Strict consensus of trees obtained with K = 6.2878 and 7.4809, indicating larger groups as defined herein, with asserted distributions juxtaposed. * indicates type species of the genera.Abbreviations: BY = Bayesian analyses, EW = equal weighting, IW = implied weighting, RBS = relative Bremer support, BT = bootstrap, GC = difference in frequencies GC (Group present/Contradicted), PP = posterior probabilities of clades.

Figure 24. Kayania bicolumnata, male holotype (SMF 12782/16). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, distal part of the penis emerging through genital operculum. D, habitus, lateral view. E, postero-lateral view. F, original labels by Weyrauch and Roewer. Scale bars: 1 mm. Photos courtesy Abel Pérez.

Figure 25. Kayania compressicoxa, schematic female illustration modified from Avram & Soares (1983). A, dorsal view. B, ovipositor and detail of macrosetae. C, left chelicera, mesal view. D, right pedipalpus, mesal view.

Figure 27. Marronia elegans, male holotype (SMF RII 8681/13). A, dorsal view. B, panoramic dorsal view. C, original label. Photos courtesy Abel Pérez.

Figure 28. Paraprotus albithorax, female holotype (SMF RII 132/2). A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, panoramic dorsal view. D, original label. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos courtesy Abel Pérez.

Figure 31. Protus bolivari, male (USNMENT 01538074). A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, frontal view. D, panoramic dorsal view. E, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C, E), 2 mm (D).

Figure 33. Protus distinctus, male (CAS AK 105).A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, panoramic dorsal view.Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 42. Sibambea cincta, male (MPUJ_ENT 644772). A, dorsal view. B, panoramic dorsal view. C, lateral view. D, posterior view. E, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.