Oxythyrea funesta (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)

Vondráček, Dominik, Hadjiconstantis, Michael & Šípek, Petr, 2018, Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus, Zootaxa 4486 (4), pp. 401-434 : 418-419

Oxythyrea funesta (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761)

( Figs. 3E ; 4E, N ; 5E, N ; 6E, N ; 7E, K ; 9B, H ; 10E, N ; 11E, M ; 12E, N )

References to immature stages. Mulsant (1870): p. 440; Golovjanko (1936): p. 31; Korschefsky (1940): p. 50, Fig. 18; Emden (1941): p. 182; Janssens (1947): p. 13, Fig. 30; Medvedev (1952): pp. 171–172, Figs. 362–365; Giljarov (1964): p. 328, Figs. 250: 3–4; Klausnitzer & Krell (1996): pp. 77, 79, Figs. 94–96; Micó & Galante (2003): pp. 96–101, Figs. 14 –26.

Material studied. 18 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Croatia, Brač, 27.vi.2009, P. Kment lgt.; 50 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Greece, Thessaly, Larisa dist., Road between Dimitra and Neochori, N°39.66183, E°22.65655, 24.iv.2009, D. Drožová, D. Král, P. Šípek, A. Venderová lgt.; 16 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Campania, Perito, N°40.2896667, E°15.1219444, 3.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 16 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Basilicata / Calabria, Práia a Mare, N°39.93615, E°15.74861, 4.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 30 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Sicilia, Madonia, Colle Chiesa Santa Maria, N°37.9247500, E°14.1528056, 5.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 27 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Sicilia, Madonia, Petralia Sottana, N°37.8278528, E°14.0921944, 5.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 50 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Sicilia, Madonia, Pianno Torre/Tore Montaspro, N°37.9108778, E°13.9911944, 5–9.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 50 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Sicilia, Nebrodi, Muto/Casa Forestale, N°37.9305556, E°14.6427778, 7.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 40 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Sicilia, Brúcoli, N°37.2822222, E°15.2224167, 8.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 32 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Calabria, Vazzano/San`t Angelo, N°38.6300861, E°16.2007833, 11.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 31 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Umbria, Collonetta, N°42.7497917, E°12.1819611, 11.vi.2009, D. Drožová, P. Janšta, P. Šípek, A. Venderová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 50 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Portugal, Alentejo, Vale Bejinha, N°37.6864806, W°8.6837306, 12.v.2009, H. Podskalská, P. Šípek lgt.; 50 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Spain, J. Skuhrovec, 2003 (no further data); 60 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Greece, Thessaly, Mount Ossa, village Stomio, N°39.867, E°22.733, 13.–20.vi.2009, H. Podskalská, P. Šípek lgt.; 10 L3 Portugal, Vila Real, Santo Antonio env., N°37.18345, W°7.41400, Pine forest on sandy dunes, 7.iv.2006, P. Janšta lgt.; 40 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Czech Republic, Bohemia cent., Neratovice env., N°50.2500, E°14.5167, 10.v.2007, P. Šípek lgt.; 40 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Spain, Provincia de Alicante, Dénia, N°38.833, E°0.100, iv.2004, M. Antoš lgt.; 30 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Hungary, Hungary cent., Petrol pump on km 55 from Budapest to Segred, N°47.133, E°19.467, 11.vi.2007, P. Šípek lgt.; 5 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Greece, Peloponnese, Kalamata, Kardamili, N°37.0167, E°22.1000, 1.–3.vi.2003, P. Šípek lgt.; 20 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Czech Republic, Moravia, Moravský Krumlov, N°49.05, E°16.30, 18.vi.2004, P. Janšta lgt.; 13 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Czech Republic, Bohemia, Vlkov nad Lužnicí, N°49.1500, E°14.7167, 21.vi.2001, P. Šípek lgt.; 7 L3 reared ex adults collected at: France, France mer., Nice, N°43.700, E°7.267, 24.iv.2006, J. Skuhrovec lgt.; 30 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Spain, Gandalas, v.2004, J. Straka lgt.; 14 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Italy, Pisa, Pisa en., N°43.7167, E°10.383, 2003, P. Šípek lgt.; 15 L3 reared ex adults collected at: France, Corsica, Porticcio, N°41.883, E°8.783, 27.–28.iv.2002, P. Šípek lgt.; 5 L3 reared ex adults collected at: France, Corsica, Bastia, N°42.65, E°9.45, 3.v.2002, P. Šípek lgt; 7 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Bulgaria, Southeast coast, Primorsko, N°42.2749056, E°27.7423722, 22.vii.2010, D. Vondráček lgt.; 10 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Ukraine, Crimea, near Swallow's Nest, N°44.4309444, E°34.1282250, 23.vi.2011, Z. Miklušová, V. Szalontayová, D. Vondráček lgt.; 25 L3 reared ex adults collected at: France, Centre, near Courcelles-de-Touraine, N°47.4671, E°0.0164, 31.v.2011, A. Pešek, D. Vondráček lgt.; 60 L3 reared ex adults collected at: France, Centre, near Saint Pierre de-la-Fage, N°43.7941, E°3,4316, 5.vi.2011, A. Pešek, D. Vondráček lgt.; 10 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Tunisia, Nabeul, Cap Bon peninsula, 2 km S of Douella by road, ca 70 m, N°36.8167, E°10.6000, 23.iii.2014, O. Hillert, D. Král, P. Šípek, D. Vondráček lgt.; 35 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Macedonia, N of Pepelishte, ca 120–170 m, N°41.53694, E°22.13833, 19.v.2015, O. Kouklík, D. Král, P. Šípek, D. Vondráček lgt.; 20 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Greece, Korfu, Spiri, 2013, P. Šípek lgt.; 60 L3 reared ex adults collected at: Morroco, W of Bouznika, Atlantic coast, ca 30 m, N°33.783, W°7.250, 16.iii.2013, R. Dunda, O. Hillert, D. Král, J. Schneider, D. Vondráček, J. Vondráček lgt.

Body length 16–22 mm. Cranium: width 2.11–2.55 mm, height 1.27–1.56 mm. Cranium yellowish to yellowish-brown, smooth; semi-circular in shape, dorsally flattened (length of dorsal straight portion of cranial margin slightly less than one third of maximum width of cranium). Chaetotaxy as in Table 1. Epipharynx: Zygum with 12–16 stout conical setae and 5–11 similarly shaped setae at its proximal base. Chaetoparia with 45–62 and 31–45 setae on right and left side respectively. Acanthoparia with 4–8 ovate setae, 1 or 2 distal setae elongated. Stridulatory area of mandibles with 15–19 transverse ridges, ridges in distal half broad (distance between two ridges between ⅓ and ½ of length of ridge), ridges of proximal half narrow. Apical scissorial tooth of left mandible falcate and about two to three times larger than subapical tooth. Transverse proximal row of setae and sensilla on ligula composed of approximately 8 campaniform sensilla and few stout lanceolate setae. Thoracic legs with stout (spine-like) or long hair-like setae, the hair-like setae are always well developed, never slender. Respiratory plate of spiracle with 11–14 holes across diameter. Raster monostichous composed of single horseshoe-like row of 23–40 pali, septula broadly ovate, opened posteriorly, almost as wide as long. Tegillar setae about size of pali or three times as long, with only few longer setae. Tegilla fused, sparsely setose (average distance between two setae about two to three times of length of palus), campus absent. Dorsal parts of last abdominal segment sparsely setose, with more or less distinct circular field of sparse short hammate setae frequently bordered by indistinct ring of long setae.

Figures

FIGURE 3a–i. Habitus of third instar Oxythyrea larvae. a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana.

FIGURE 4a–r. Cranium of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (a–i) and antenna of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal aspect (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–i); 0.5 mm (j–r).

FIGURE 5a–r. Epipharynx of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (a–i) and antenna of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral aspect (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6a–q. Maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal view (a–i) and maxillary stridulatory teeth of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (j–q). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. subcalva; q, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (a–i).

FIGURE 7a–l. Left mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal, medial and ventral view (a–f) and maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (g–l). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. abigail; h, O. albopicta; i, O. cinctella; j, O. dulcis; k, O. funesta; l, O. noemi. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9a–l. Right mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral, medial and dorsal view (a–f) and metathoracic leg of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (g–l). a, O. dulcis; b, O. funesta; c, O. noemi; d, O. pantherina; e, O. subcalva; f, O. tripolitana; g, O. dulcis; h, O. funesta; i, O. noemi; j, O. pantherina; k, O. subcalva; l, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10a–r. Last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (a–i) and last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, detail of raster (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–i).

FIGURE 11a–m. Last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, lateral view (a–i) and last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, posterior view (j–m). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. albopicta; k, O. cinctella; l, O. dulcis; m, O. funesta. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 12a–o. Thoracic spiracles of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, entire view (a–i) and detail of sieve plate (j–o). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. subcalva. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (a–i).

FIGURE 14. a, sandy coastal dunes with O. abigail (Cyprus: Pachyammos, March 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis; b, mating pair of O. abigail on Centaurea aegialophila (Cyprus: Pachyammos, March 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis; c, grassland locality with O. albopicta (Georgia: Kacheti, May 2016) © A. Damaška; d, steppic rocky hills with O. albopicta (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; e, mating pair of O. albopicta on Onopordum sp. inflorescence (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © P. Šípek; f, male of O. albopicta with typical white pattern on the abdomen sitting on Carduus sp. inflorescence (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; g, one of the many biotopes with O. cinctella (Greece: Thessaly, Mt. Оssa, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; h, adults of O. cinctella on Silybum marianum (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček.