Monterella, GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1944

Cruz-López, Jesús A. & Francke, Oscar F., 2015, Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus Karos Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Stygnopsidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (4), pp. 827-891 : 854-856

MONTERELLA GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1944

STAT. REV.

Monterella Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944: 5 .

Karos: Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953: 20 (in part. generic synonymy transfer by implication).

Distribution: Central part of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico.

Type species: Monterella tuberculata Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 , by original designation.

Included species: Monotypic.

Diagnosis: Scutum subrectangular ( Fig. 24B ). Ocularium in the middle of prosoma, very low, unarmed ( Figs 24C , 25C ). Femur IV in males slightly thicker than in females ( Fig. 25A ). Stigmatic area longer in males ( Fig. 25B ). Male genitalia: pars distalis not swollen in the middle portion, apical margin with a median notch. With more than ten pairs of lateral setae, small, more than seven pairs of ventral microsetae along lateral margins of pars distalis. Two pairs of parastylar setae. Follis barely longer than wide. Spiniform projections small, not clearly visible ( Fig. 26 ).

Comparisons: The male genitalia are and quite different from those of the Karos genus-group. The pars distalis is the most ornate, with high number of lateral and ventral microsetae. Also, the general morphological aspect in addition to the male genitalia make it easily recognizable.

MONTERELLA TUBERCULATA GOODNIGHT & GOODNIGHT, 1944 COMB. REST.

( FIGS 24–26 , 57 , 61F )

Monterella tuberculata Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944: 5 , figs 1–3 (description of male).

CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF KAROS 855

Karos tuberculatus: Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953: 20 (by implication); Kury & Cokendolpher, 2000: 155; Kury, 2003: 239.

Type locality: MEXICO: Nuevo León: Municipio Garza García, Chipinque (25°33′N, 100°18′W) .

Material examined: MEXICO: Nuevo León: 1 ♂ [ TMM (26.v.1980; W. Elliot)] (25°15′45″N, 100°09′38.98″W). Municipio Santiago, Cave without name, Potrero Redondo . 2 ♀ [ TMM (17.ii.1973; R. Mitchell and S. Wiley)] (25°26′48.98″N, 100°05′56.97″W). Municipio Santiago, Cueva de La Boca, 6 km SE from Villa Santiago . 2 ♀ and 4 juveniles [ TMM (2.vii.2000; P. Sprouse)] (25°33′N, 100°18′W). Municipio Garza García, Cueva de San Francisco de Asis, Chipinque . 1 ♂ [ TTU (??. ix.1971; D. Honca)] (25°15′45″N, 100°09′38.98″W). Municipio Santiago, Redondo Pit Cave , 40 km S of Monterrey.

Other material: MEXICO: Nuevo León: ♂ holotype [ AMNH (15.vii.1942; D. Peláez, C. Bolívar, F. Bonet and B. Osorio)], Chipinque, Monterrey, not examined .

Diagnosis: See generic diagnosis.

Redescription: Male: Measurements: scutum length 4.0, maximum scutum width 3.4. Legs. I 2.45/0.45/1.75/ 2.30, II 3.80/1.35/2.70/3.10, III 3.25/1.10/2.35/3.20, IV 4.05/1.50/3.30/4.10. Dorsum. Scutum subrectangular, prosoma slightly narrower than opisthosoma ( Fig. 24B ). Dorsum covered densely by rounded tubercles, without armature on all mesotergal areas ( Fig. 24A, B ). Ocularium in the middle of prosoma, low ( Figs 24C , 25C ). Anterior portion of prosoma slightly elevated. Lateral clear areas projected in teardrop-shape ( Fig. 61F ), lateral clear areas of apices of area V displaced from vertices, small. Clear areas present on free tergites I and II, small, teardrop-shaped. Venter. Covered by rounded tubercles, similar in size. Stigmatic area elongated, with the lateral margins straight. Coxa IV with small dorsoectal spine. Pedipalps. Patella with three mesal spiniform tubercles. Legs. All legs similar in size, thickness, and ornamentation, covered by rounded tubercles, similar to those on dorsum. Tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi with numerous small setae. Trochanter III globular. Femur IV slightly curved ( Fig. 25A ). Metatarsus II without clear annuli. Tarsal count 4(2):6(3):6:6. Male genitalia. Pars distalis not differentiated of the pars basalis, ventral plate not dorsoventrally compressed. Apical margin with a median notch. Eleven to 12 pairs of lateral setae, cylindrical, very small. Three pairs of parastylar setae, laterobasal to follis ( Fig. 26C ). Spiniform projections visible. Nine to ten pairs of ventral microsetae, along lateral margins of pars distalis. Lateral projection of follis inconspicuous ( Fig. 26 ). Female: Measurements: scutum length 4.0, maximum scutum width 3.4. Very similar to male, with the following differences: sternum shorter, legs IV thinner ( Fig. 25B ), tarsal count 4(2):6(3):6:6.

Taxonomic accounts: Goodnight & Goodnight (1944) mentioned that dorsal area IV in the middle portion is divided into two parts. In the material examined, some specimens have no median ornamentation in this area, others have an inconspicuous sulcus, and finally, others have complete ornamentation, but never area IV divided into two parts.

Figures

Figure 24. Monterella tuberculata. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, scutum, dorsal view. C, habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 4.5 mm, B = 2 mm, C = 1.5 mm.

Figure 25. Monterella tuberculata. A, legs IV, mesal view. B, habitus, ventral view. C, ocularium, frontal view. Scale bars: A = 3.5 mm, B = 2.5 mm, C = 0.5 mm. The dark lines on (B) indicate the stigmatic area.

Figure 26. Monterella tuberculata, male genitalia. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. White arrows indicate ventral microsetae in (B) and parastylar setae in (C).

Figure 57. Distribution map of the species of the Karos genus-group. Black triangles, Monterella tuberculata; black square, Mictlana inops comb. nov. (only locality of material examined was mapped); black circles, Crettaros santibanezi sp. nov.; white circles with black outline, Crettaros valdezi sp. nov.; black crosses, Chapulobunus unispinosus; inverted black triangles, Karos parvus.

Figure 61. A, detail of one of the lateral clear areas forming tubercles on scutum of Crettaros santibanezi sp. nov. B, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Karos singularis sp. nov. C, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Karos tersum sp. nov. D, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Huasteca silhavyi sp. nov. E, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Montabunus foliorum. F, detail of one of the lateral clear areas projected in tubercles on scutum of Monterella tuberculata. G, extra row of pegs in Chapulobunus poblano sp. nov., indicated by arrows. H, dorsal apophyses on trochanter II in male of Karos singularis sp. nov. I, detail of mesotergal areas III and IV in Montabunus foliorum; dotted lines indicate the sulcus between these areas. J, detail of mesotergal areas III and IV on Chapulobunus unispinosus; dotted lines indicate the sulcus between these areas. These images are not at the same scale.