Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954

Makarkin, Vladimir N., 2018, Re-description of Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) with notes on the Late Cretaceous psychopsoids, Zootaxa 4524 (5), pp. 581-594 : 582

Genus Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954

Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954: 1167, 1169 [ Psychopsididae (sic)]; Carpenter 1992: 351 [ Psychopsidae ]; Oswald 1993b: 48 [ Psychopsidae ]; Andersen 2001: 435 [ Psychopsidae s.l.: Group IV]; Makarkin & Archibald 2003: 177 [ Psychopsidae ?]; Jepson et al. 2009: 1330 [ Osmylopsychopidae ]; Peng et al. 2011: 218, 221, 225 [ Psychopsidae ]; Makarkin et al. 2012: 59 [ Psychopsidae ]; Makarkin & Khramov 2015: 411 [ Osmylopsychopidae ?]; Peng et al. 2016: 262 [ Osmylopsychopidae ?].

Grammopsychops [sic, misspelled]: Martynova 1962: 278 [ Psychopidae (sic)]; Martins-Neto 1997: 70, 71 [ Psychopsidae ]; Martins-Neto & Rodrigues 2010: 6 [ Psychopsidae ].

Type species. Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. In hind wing, costal space extremely broad, with numerous crossveins arranged mainly in several gradate series; ScP and RA connected distally by relatively long crossvein; R then basal part of RP very stout; posterior trace of RA with three long distal anteriorly-directed branches; RA space very narrow; branches of RP deeply dichotomously branched; RP1–RP6 stout proximally; RP1 shallowly forked; M forked basally, only slightly distad origin of RP1; CuA strongly pectinately branched, with very oblique branches; CuP with three long, very oblique branches; many crossveins in radial to cubital spaces arranged mainly in irregular gradate series.

Species included. Type species only.

Comments. The venation of the hind wing of Grammapsychops is most similar to those of two Cretaceous genera, i.e., Pulchroptilonia Martins-Neto, 1997 and Embaneura Zalessky, 1953 . Zalessky (1953) interpreted the only known wing of E. vachrameevi as a forewing, but judging from its venation this is most probably a hind wing. Unfortunately, this cannot be verified due to the current depository of the holotype of E. vachrameevi Zalessky, 1953 being unknown. Grammapsychops easily differs from these genera by the presence of numerous crossveins in the costal space of the hind wing (no crossveins are present in Pulchroptilonia and Embaneura ).

The hind wing of Grammapsychops is also similar to that of Alloepipsychopsis Makarkin et al., 2012 from the Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) Yixian Formation, but the latter has its RP1 deeply forked.

The hind wing venation of other genera of Psychopsidae (and Osmylopsychopidae ) is dissimilar to that of Grammapsychops . Unfortunately, however, the hind wings are not known in all fossil genera of these families.