Phortica, Schiner, 1862

Chen, Hong-Wei, Toda, Masanori J., Lakim, Maklarin B. & Mohamed, Maryati B., 2007, The Phortica Sensu Stricto (Insecta: Diptera: Drosophilidae) From Malaysia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1), pp. 23-41 : 40

Key to the species of the subgenus Phortica from Malaysia

1. Interfrontal setae thick and dense; additional plate between cerci and 10th sternite absent; paramere rod-shaped, basally mostly projected and with a few sensilla, apically usually knobbed (the foliiseta species-complex) ..................................................... 2

– Interfrontal setae thin and rare; additional plate between cerci and 10th sternite present; paramere apically with a few sensilla ............................................................................................... 3

2. Surstylus with only 2–3 prensisetae; vertical process of gonopods nearly entirely sclerotized apically; aedeagal outer membrane with minute warts .......... P. (P.) nigrifoliiseta (Takada et al.)

– Surstylus with ca. 11 prensisetae; vertical process of gonopods slightly sclerotized; aedeagal outer membrane with numerous, weakly sclerotized, small triangle processes ............................ .................................................. P. (P.) tanabei Chen & Toda

3. Surstylus with strong spine(s); additional plate between cerci and 10th sternite lacking pubescence, separated from 10th sternite (the magna species-complex) ...................................... ............................... P. (P.) alpha Chen & Toda , new species

– Surstylus without strong spine; additional plate between cerci and 10th sternite pubescent, and connected to 10th sternite.... ............................................................................................... 4

4. Paramere deeply bifurcated from base (the omega speciescomlpex); male sixth tergite with single prickly projection curved anteriod at anteroventral corner; lateral process of paramere narrower than and ca. 2/3 as long as apical one, apically with 1 sensillum and 1 black spine ...................................................... ..................................... P. (P.) ni Chen & Toda, new species

– Paramere not bifurcated from base ....................................... 5

5. Paramere tripartite distally .................................................... 6

– Paramere not tripartite distally ........................................... 13

6. Paramere: basal process with tooth or sensillum; median process tongue- or finger-shaped, without tooth or sensillum .......... 7

– Paramere: basal process tongue- or finger-shaped; median process apically with tooth and sensillum ............................ 9

7. Aedeagal median rod lacking projections ................................ ................................ P. (P.) gombakana (Takada & Momma)

– Aedeagal median rod with apically pointed projection(s) ... 8

8. Aedeagal median rod subapically and submedially with 1 pair of small and 1 pair of long, apically bifurcated projections, respectively ................................. P. (P.) jamilii , new species

– Aedeagal median rod submedially with 2 pairs of apically unbifurcated projections ............................................................ ................................. P. (P.) liewi Chen & Toda , new species

9. Vertical process of gonopods broad, largely membranous except for medial and lateral, strongly sclerotized portions; aedeagal ventral bridge strongly sclerotized, elongated to tip of aedeagal median rod, pointed apically, with large branch submedially .. ................... P. (P.) membranifera Chen & Toda , new species

– Vertical process of gonopods basally to submedially narrow and evenly sclerotized ................................................................ 10

10. Aedeagal basal bridge with somewhat triangular flap acutely pointed only anterodorsally ...................................................... ........................... P. (P.) expansa Chen & Toda , new species

– Aedeagal basal bridge with flap acutely pointed antero- and mediodorsally ...................................................................... 11

11. Aedeagal median rod with subbasal process ............................ ....................... P. (P.) pasohensis Chen & Toda , new species

– Aedeagal median rod with submedial process ................... 12

12. Aedeagal basal bridge with long, sclerotized, apically pointed projection anteroventrally; ventral bridge apically somewhat truncate ....... P. (P.) kinabalensis Chen & Toda , new species

– Aedeagal basal bridge without long projection anteroventrally; ventral bridge apically largely bifurcated ................................. ............................ P. (P.) palmata Chen & Toda , new species

13. Anepisternum lacking setulae; paramere lacking pubescence; aedeagal median rod apically with distinct asymmetric bifurcation, subapically expanded and with minute warts on surface ................. P. (P.) epsilon Chen & Toda , new species

– Anepisternum with setulae ................................................. 14

14. Paramere medially not expanded, distally pubescent; aedeagal median rod with knot subapically; anterior branch of aedeagal basal bridge with ca. 10 acute projections along margin ......... ....................... P. (P.) lanuginosa Chen & Toda , new species

– Paramere medially much expanded, submedially pubescent; aedeagal median rod much expanded subapically; aedeagal basal bridge without small acute projections ..................................... .................................. P. (P.) zeta Chen & Toda , new species