Proceraea cornuta ( Agassiz, 1862 )

Nygren, Arne, 2004, Revision of Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta)., Zootaxa 680, pp. 1-314 : 47-49

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.157809

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:471A4E52-4C92-44F8-AB38-CD03071C0067

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273178

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDB626-CC59-4E10-FEE8-79ED8CDB84A5

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Proceraea cornuta ( Agassiz, 1862 )
status

 

Proceraea cornuta ( Agassiz, 1862) View in CoL (Fig. 9A–C)

Autolytus cornutus Agassiz, 1862: 384 View in CoL –403, pl. 9, fig. 1–20, pl. 10, fig. 1–15, pl. 11, fig. 1–10; Quatrefages 1866: 44 –46; Verrill 1881: 292, 300, 304, 308, 323, pl. 12, fig. 4, 6; Mensch 1900a; 1900b; 1900c; Potts 1911: 29 –30; Treadwell 1948: 30, fig. 16A–C; Korringa 1951: 77 –79, fig. 7A–D; Pettibone 1963: 144 , fig. 37E; Okada 1933a: 645 –647, figs 3, 4.

Autolytus fallax Malmgren, 1867: 33 View in CoL –34, pl. 6, fig. 41; Pettibone 1954: 247 –249, fig. 29C–F.

Myriana cirrata Treadwell, 1931: 2 –3, fig. 2A–C.

Autolytus prismaticus Thorson 1946: 39 View in CoL –40.

Autolytus prolifer Dales 1952 View in CoL (in part).

Proceraea cornuta Gidholm 1965: 35 View in CoL ; 1967: 205–206, figs 13E–F, 28A; Hamond 1967: 1 –4, fig. 2A–B; 1969c; Hartmann­Schröder 1971: 184, fig. 59A–D; Rasmussen 1973: 76, fig. 23; Hamond 1974; Gardiner 1976: 129; Kirkegaard 1992: 255 –257, fig. 126A–D; Hartmann­ Schröder 1996: 188, fig. 81A–D; Nygren & Sundberg 2003: GenBank sequences, 16S rDNA partial sequence AF474266 View Materials , and 18S rDNA partial sequence AF474312 View Materials .

Autolytus (Regulatus) cornutus Imajima 1966: 49 View in CoL –51, fig. 13A–I.

Material examined. Sweden: 20 spms, Tjärnö archipelago, Inre Vattenholmen, 58°52'N 11°06'E, intertidal, algae with epifauna, Apr 2000. Faroes: 7 spms (2 spms in formalin, 2 spms on slides, 3 spms in author's collection for DNA analyses), outside Kaldbak marine laboratory, 62°N 06°W, dive, 1–4 m, Laminaria spp. with epifauna, 21 Jun 1997.

Diagnosis. Proceraea with 2 indistinct longitudinal black lines along the sides.

Description. Length in live specimens 4–10 mm for 30–50 chaetigers; width c. 0.3 mm. Live specimens yellowish with 2 indistinct black lines along the sides of body, sometimes with 2 very faint lines on dorsum. Preserved specimens without colour markings. Ciliation present on prostomium, nuchal epaulettes, and a few segments ventrally.

Eyes separated (Fig. 9A); eye spots present. Palps in dorsal view projecting 1/4–1/3 of prostomial length (Fig. 9A), fused. Extension of nuchal epaulettes from half to end of tentacular segment (Fig. 9A).

Median antenna reaching chaetiger 8–10 in live specimens (n=5). Lateral antennae and dorsal tentacular cirri, length 1/2–2/3 of median antenna. Ventral tentacular cirri 1/3–1/2 as long as dorsal pair. First dorsal cirri as long as median antenna, second dorsal cirri as long as ventral tentacular cirri. Alternation in direction of cirri not assessed. Dorsal cirri from chaetiger 3, of equal length, 1/3–2/3 of body width. Cirrophores on tentacular segment and first dorsal cirri present; cirrophores otherwise absent. All appendages cylindrical.

Parapodial lobes rounded conical, small. Single acicula in all chaetigers. Chaetal fascicle with 7–12 compounds in anterior chaetigers, 3–8 in median and posterior. Compound chaetae with small distal tooth (Fig. 9B); serration present. Single thick bayonet chaetae (Fig. 9C), beginning between chaetiger 1–5.

Pharynx with 1 sinuation anterior and lateral to anterior half of proventricle (Fig. 9A). Trepan in chaetiger 1–2 (Fig. 9A), with 18 unequal teeth, 9 large and 9 smaller; 1 large alternating with 1 small, arranged in 2 rings. Basal ring present; infradental spines absent. Proventricle equal in length to 1–2 segments in chaetiger 5–9 with 30–35 rows of muscle cells (n=7). Anal cirri equal in length to c. 1/2 body width.

Reproduction. Schizogamy by anterior scissiparity behind chaetiger 13. According to Gidholm (1967), reproduction confined to colder seasons, mainly in November and December but also through May. Stolon­forming individuals caught all year around though.

Morphology of epitokous stages.

Male. Length in preserved specimens 4–4.2 mm for 6+(21–23)+(2–7) chaetigers (n=2), width in region a 0.3 mm, width in region b 0.5 mm. Ciliation absent except for nuchal epaulettes.

Prostomium with concave anterior margin. Nuchal epaulettes rounded, reaching over half of first segment.

Median antenna reaching chaetiger 11. Lateral bifid antennae, 3 times as long as prostomial width; basal part 1/3 of total length, outer ventral rami slightly shorter than inner dorsal rami. Frontal processes, equal to 1/3 of prostomial width. Tentacular cirri 2 pairs, dorsal pair as long as or 1.5 times prostomial width, ventral pair 1/ 6 in length of dorsal. First dorsal cirri, equal in length to median antenna; achaetous knobs present. Cirri in region a equal to 2/3 of body width, cirri in region b and c successively shorter, in region b equal to 1/4 of body width, in region c 1/4–1/5 of body width. Median antenna with ceratophore; small cirrophores on tentacular cirri, large cirrophores on first dorsal cirri, and small cirrophores on cirri in region a, present; cirrophores otherwise absent. Cirri on chaetiger 3–6 fusiform, frontal processes club shaped, other appendages cylindrical.

Single neuropodial acicula in all chaetigers; 2 anterodorsal, and 3 thick and 4 thin posteroventral notopodial aciculae in region b. Neuropodial chaetal fascicle with 4–10 compounds, single bayonet chaetae beginning at chaetiger 1. Notopodial chaetal fascicle with 20–25 swimming chaetae. Anal cirri equal in length to cirri in region c.

Female. No females found. Pettibone (1954) , Gidholm (1965, 1967), Hamond (1967, 1974) give brief descriptions on stolon morphology. Length 4–5 mm for 6+(12–15)+(9– 11) chaetigers ( Gidholm 1967), 5–15 mm according to Pettibone (1954) . Tentacular cirri 2 pairs, achaetous knobs present ( Pettibone, 1954 ). Short nuchal epaulettes covering anterior part of first segment. One short egg sac, eggs yellowish ( Gidholm 1967) or orange ( Pettibone 1954 ).

Habitat. Shallow waters, 0–20 m, amongst algae with bryozans, e.g. Membranipora membranacea and Electra pilosa , or hydroids, like Laomedea geniculata and Campanularia sp. It has been shown that P. cornuta feeds on a number of Laomedea species ( Hamond 1969c).

Distribution. North Atlantic and North Pacific.

Remarks. Proceraea cornuta is most similar to P. okadai , P. nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001 , and P. micropedata Hartmann­Schröder, 1962 ; P. okadai , and P. nigropunctata may be separated on their respective colour markings, synonomy with P. micropedata cannot be excluded as information on colour in this taxon is lacking.

DNA

Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Annelida

Class

Polychaeta

Order

Phyllodocida

Family

Syllidae

Genus

Proceraea

Loc

Proceraea cornuta ( Agassiz, 1862 )

Nygren, Arne 2004
2004
Loc

Autolytus (Regulatus) cornutus

Imajima 1966: 49
1966
Loc

Proceraea cornuta

Schroder 1996: 188
Kirkegaard 1992: 255
Gardiner 1976: 129
Rasmussen 1973: 76
Hartmann-Schroder 1971: 184
Hamond 1967: 1
Gidholm 1965: 35
1965
Loc

Autolytus prismaticus

Thorson 1946: 39
1946
Loc

Myriana cirrata

Treadwell 1931: 2
1931
Loc

Autolytus fallax

Pettibone 1954: 247
Malmgren 1867: 33
1867
Loc

Autolytus cornutus

Pettibone 1963: 144
Korringa 1951: 77
Treadwell 1948: 30
Okada 1933: 645
Potts 1911: 29
Verrill 1881: 292
Quatrefages 1866: 44
Agassiz 1862: 384
1862
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