Encyclia

Carnevali, Germán, Tamayo-Cen, Iván, Méndez-Luna, Carlos E., Ramírez-Morillo, Ivón M., Tapia-Muñoz, José L., Cetzal-Ix, William & Romero-González, Gustavo A., 2023, Phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Encyclia (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) with an emphasis on the E. adenocarpos complex, a new species, and a preliminary species list for the genus, Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 23 (1), pp. 41-75 : 47-48

Encyclia preliminary species list

For this preliminary species list, we included all the described species and natural hybrids of Encyclia that we hypothetize to be biologically viable entities ( Table S1). We revised most of the pertinent literature relevant to Encyclia systematics and floristics and have firsthand knowledge of many species of the genus, from herbarium studies, field work, and cultivation of many species. For areas whose encyclias have been treated recently, we closely followed the species circumscriptions of the authors (e.g., Pupulin & Bogarín, 2011, 2012 for Costa Rica; Bastos, 2014 and Bastos et al., 2018 for Brazil, and Ackerman, 2014 for the Greater Antilles; Tamayo-Cen et al., 2020 for Peru, etc.) with a few exceptions resulting from our insights on species delimitations, new knowledge recently gained, or novel interpretation of the evidence. We have consulted many orchid and Encyclia specialists and enthusiasts over distributions and circumscriptions (see Acknowledgements).

The preliminary species list includes only species names and authorships as well as their referral to broadly defined biogeographical areas. Assessment of accurate species circumscriptions, synonymys, and typification issues are beyond the scope of this article and are the subject of ongoing projects. We also included taxa that have remained undescribed but that will be formally proposed soon, under the philosophy that the fact that they have remained unnamed does not deter them from being actual evolutionary entities in nature and thus relevant for diversity and biogeographical considerations.

The composite photographic plates were elaborated with our own photographs or from several others reliable sources. The abbreviations of the authors of the photographs in the captions of Figs. 3 through 8 are as follows: AB = Armando Betancourt, AC= Andersson Casano, AP = Alex Popovkin, CB = Carlos Bermúdez, CGE = Carlos García Esquivel; CvdB = Cassio van den Berg, DH = David Hunt, FA = Fredy Archila, GAR= Gustavo A. Romero-González, GC= Germán Carnevali, GCas = Gerardo Castiglione, ITC= Iván Tamayo-Cen, JZ = Javier Zambrano, JH = J. Ethan Householder, JM= José Monzón, LOH = Luis Ocupa Horna, MS = Man - fred Speckmaier, PH = Patricia Harding, RL= Ramón López, WC= William Cetzal Ix, YE= Yulieth Echeverría.

Figures

Fig.3 Most probable tree resulting from a Bayesian Inference Analysis of Encyclia using a supermatrix of the regions ITS+rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, ycf1. Black dots above the lines represent Posterior Probabilities>95%. Stars below the lines are bootstrap support>70%.