Artemisia neosinensis Jiao & Gao

Guo, Xin-Qiang, Wang, Long & Yang, Qin-Er, 2022, Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China, Phytotaxa 544 (1), pp. 11-36 : 21-34

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.2
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6504872
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scientific name	Artemisia neosinensis Jiao & Gao
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Artemisia neosinensis Jiao & Gao View in CoL in Jiao et al. (2016: 89).

Artemisia sinensis (Pampanini) Ling & Ling in Ling (1980: 505). Artemisia strongylocephala var. sinensis Pampanini (1927: 177) .

Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 , 9–12 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 , 14A, B View FIGURE 14 .

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Lijiang County (now Yulong County), eastern flank of the Lijiang Range (= Yulong Shan ), alt. 3350 m, August 1910, G. Forrest 6306 [lectotype E00417241 !, designated by Jiao et al. (2016) ; isolectotype K000891846 !) ].

Fig. 1A, B View FIGURE 1 .

= Artemisia strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata Pampanini (1927: 178) View in CoL , p.p.

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Ninglang County, Yungning (= Yongning), in regione temperate prope lacum ad pagum Yünnansen Yungning in marginibus pratorum, alt. circ. 2800 m, 18 April 1914, H. Handel-Mazzetti 3104 (WU0062064!, lectotype designated here; isolectotype E00417243!; see below for discussion). Fig. 14A, B View FIGURE 14 .

Description:—Herbs, perennial, 30–70 cm tall. Rhizome woody, to 0.5 cm in diameter at base. Stems tomentose, rarely sparsely pubescent, more or less branched, erect or ascending. Basal stem leaves usually withered before anthesis; lower and middle stem leaves subsessile, 1-pinnatisect, adaxially tomentose, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose, leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, 2.0–7.0 cm long, 1.0– 3.6 cm broad, segments 2–5 pairs, elliptic, 0.8–2.0 cm long, 0.4–0.7 cm broad, margin dentate-lobed, lobules ovate-acuminate or ovate, apex mucronate, 0.3–0.5 cm long, 0.2–0.4 cm broad; uppermost stem leaves sessile, 1-pinnatisect, oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.2–2.8 cm long, 0.7–1.8 cm broad, adaxially tomentose, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose, segments elliptic, apex mucronate, margin entire or dentatelobed, 0.4–0.6 cm long, 0.2–0.3 cm broad. Synflorescence a narrow or broad panicle, ascending. Capitula nodding, sessile or subsessile, sometimes clustered together, campanulate, 2–4 mm long, 2 mm in diameter. Phyllaries abaxially arachnoid-tomentose, ovate or oblong-ovate, 3–4 rows. Receptacle glabrous. Marginal female florets 10–15, 2–4 mm long, fertile, corolla tubular, apex 2-toothed, style exerted. Disk florets 15–25 (–30), 2–4 mm long, bisexual, fertile, corolla cupular, apex 5-toothed. Achenes obovoid.

Notes: * denotes that Artemisia neosinensis differs from A. qinlingensis also by having smaller basal and middle stem leaves [2.0–7.0 cm long, 1.0– 3.6 cm broad vs. 6–8 (–10) cm long, 4–6 cm broad], and differs from A. tridactyla by having fertile (vs. sterile) disk florets. # denotes that the leaf segments are not lobed, thus without leaf lobules.

Distribution and habitat:— Artemisia neosinensis is distributed in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, China ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). It grows in alpine or subalpine steppes, on slopes or at forest margins at altitudes of 2600–4000 m.

Phenology:—Flowering from August to October; fruiting in October.

Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Sichuan: Daocheng, K.Y. Lang et al. 2591 (KUN, PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 4249 (CDBI, PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6011 (CDBI, KUN, PE), Sichuan Veget. Exped. 2122 (KUN), Sichuan Veget. Exped. 2446 (CDBI, KUN); Dêrong, Anonymous 118 (HITBC); Jiulong, Anonymous 36-612 (PE), Anonymous 57-111 (PE), Jiulong Exped. 267 (SM), Q.C. Wang 20482 (CDBI); Litang, Anonymous 28262 (CDBI), S.C. Xiao 131 (CDBI); Muli, C. Ren et al. 445 (IBSC), T.T. Yu 7739 (KUN, PE), Q.S. Zhao 6234 (CDBI, SZ), Q.S. Zhao et al. 6877 (CDBI, SZ); Xiangcheng, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 2591 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 4078 (PE); Yanyuan, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12142 (KUN, PE). Yunnan: Dêqên, H. Sun & Z.G. Qian 696 (KUN); Ninglang, South-to-North Water Diversion Exped. 6087 (SZ); L. Wang et al. 3880 (IBSC); Shangri-la, Anonymous W16 (PE), D.E. Boufford et al. 42137 (PE), Kham Exped. 10-2703 (PE), J.S. Yang 83-417 (IBSC); Yulong (= Lijiang), Anonymous 100320 (KUN), G. Forrest 2558 (E, IBSC), Gucheng Group 2439 (IMDY), H. Handel-Mazzetti 3640 (WU), T.C. Kao 1297 (PEM), South-to-North Water Diversion Exped. 6325 (KUN, PE, SZ), C.W. Wang 70612 (PE), L. Wang et al. 4223 (IBSC), R.L. Xiong et al. 610165 (KUN), Yunnan Univ. Biol. Depart. Veget. Exped. 140 (KUN).

Notes:— Jiao et al. (2016) stated that Artemisia neosinensis was morphologically similar to A. somae Hayata (1919: 64) , but differed by having wider leaves (4–12 cm vs. 3.5–4.0 cm) and longer leaf lobules (1.0– 1.5 cm vs. 0.5–0.8 cm). As clarified above by us, A. neosinensis has much narrower leaves (1.0– 3.6 cm) and shorter leaf lobules (0.3–0.5 cm) than Jiao et al. (2016) stated. Obviously Jiao et al. (2016) made their statement due to their misunderstanding of A. neosinensis . In fact, A. somae ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ) is readily distinguishable from A. neosinensis by, among other characters, having lanceolate (vs. elliptic) leaf segments and hemispheric or ovoid (vs. campanulate) capitula. Geographically A. somae is endemic in China’s Taiwan, whereas A. neosinensis is distributed only in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. Artemisia neosinensis is actually closely similar to A. tainingensis , a species distributed in southern Qinghai, western Sichuan and eastern Xizang, in having adaxially tomentose, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose leaves, campanulate capitula with abaxially arachnoid-tomentose phyllaries, differing only by having 1-pinnatisect (vs. 2-pinnatisect) leaves with ovate-acuminate or ovate (vs. elliptic or oblong) lobules ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 5 View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 , 9–12 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 , 16 View FIGURE 16 , 17 View FIGURE 17 ; Table 3 View TABLE 3 ). From a morphological perspective, both A. neosinensis and A. tainingensis should be referred to A. subg. Artemisia sect. Artemisia .

As shown in Figure 1A View FIGURE 1 , the E sheet of G. Forrest 6306, the lectotype of Artemisia neosinensis , was misidentified in 1985 as “ A. orientalis (Pamp.) Ling & Y.R Ling ” on a determination slip, a combination based on A. roxburghiana var. orientalis Pampanini (1930: 430) . Obviously owing to the pre-existence of A. orientalis Willdenow (1804: 1836) , Ling & Ling in Ling (1988) proposed a replacement name at specific rank, A. orientalihengduangensis , for A. roxburghiana var. orientalis . This species is distinguishable from A. neosinensis by having adaxially sparsely pubescent (vs. tomentose) leaves with lanceolate (vs. elliptic) segments ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ).

Artemisia strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata Pampanini (1927: 178) was described on the basis of four collections, including H. Handel-Mazzetti 3104 (E, WU; Fig. 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ) from Ninglang County in northwestern Yunnan, G. Mussot 205 (P; Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ), J.A. Soulié 640 (P; Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 ) and J.A. Soulié 2149 (not seen) all from Ta-tsien-lou (= Kangding) in western Sichuan. It was recognized by Pampanini (1929), Handel-Mazzetti (1936), Hu (1965), and Anonymous (1984), but was treated, under the name A. sinensis , as a synonym of A. neosinensis by Ling (1991) and Ling et al. (2011). The specimens of H. Handel-Mazzetti 3104 ( Fig. 14A, B View FIGURE 14 ) have 1-pinnatisect, adaxially tomentose, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose leaves with ovate-acuminate or ovate lobules of segments and thus should belong to A. neosinensis , whereas the specimens of G. Mussot 205 ( Fig. 14C View FIGURE 14 ) and J.A. Soulié 640 ( Fig. 14D View FIGURE 14 ) have adaxially viscidpubescent leaves and abaxially sparsely pubescent phyllaries and thus should belong to A. tangutica var. tomentosa ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ), with its type locality situated in Kangding County in western Sichuan. These specimens are syntypes of A. strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata as Pampanini (1927) did not designate type for this name. As these specimens include two taxa, a lectotype should be designated according to ICN Art. 9.11 ( Turland et al. 2018). We have designated the WU sheet of H. Handel-Mazzetti 3104 ( Fig. 14A View FIGURE 14 ), which matches well the protologue, as lectotype of this name, and cited the E sheet of this collection as isolectotype.

Artemisia strongylocephala var. sinensis f. robusta Pampanini (1927: 178) was described on the basis of G. Forrest 13379 ( Fig. 19A, B; E View FIGURE 19 , PE) from the Mekong-Salwin divide in northwestern Yunnan. Ling & Ling in Ling (1988) elevated it to specific rank as A. robusta and this treatment was accepted by Ling (1991, 1994, 2004) and Ling et al. (2011). Based on our examination on herbarium specimens (including type material) ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ), the leaves in A. robusta are adaxially sparsely pubescent, the segments are elliptic or narrowly elliptic, marginally serrate, and the capitula are hemispheric, with abaxially sparsely pubescent phyllaries. From these characters A. robusta is indeed a distinctive species and readily distinguishable from A. neosinensis (also see Table 3 View TABLE 3 and the key).

The name Artemisia moorcroftiana has been commonly used in taxonomic literature including national and regional Floras ( Handel-Mazzetti 1938, Pampanini 1939, Hu 1965, Stewart 1972, Ling 1985, 1991, 1994, 2004, Liu 1996, Grierson & Long 2001, Wu 2008, Ling et al. 2011, Wei 2012). It is, however, an illegitimate name, because Candolle (1838) cited an earlier name, A. wallichiana , as a synonym in the protologue of A. moorcroftiana . The correct name of this species should be A. wallichiana as applied by Polunin & Stainton (1984), Naithanii (1995), and Yonekura 2008).

In order to facilitate the identification of Artemisia neosinensis and the taxa more or less similar to it as mentioned above, a diagnostic key is provided below.

References

Anonymous (1984) Artemisia L. In: Wu, C. Y. (Ed.) Index Florae Yunnanensis, vol. 2. Yunnan People's Publishing House, Kunming, pp. 1318 - 1327.

Candolle, A. P. de (1838) Artemisia L. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, vol. 6. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris, pp. 93 - 127.

Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1936) Artemisia L. In: Symbolae Sinicae, vol. 7. Julius Springer, Wien, pp. 1114 - 1116.

Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1938) Plantae sinenses a Dre. H. Smith annis 1912 - 22 et 1924 lectae. XXXII. Compositae 2. (ausgenommen Vernonia, Adenostemma, Tussilago, Cirsium, Gerbera, Myripnois, Taraxacum und Hieracium). Acta Horti Gothoburgensis 12: 203 - 360.

Hayata, B. (1919) Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, vol. 8. Bureau of Productive Industries, Taihoku, 164 pp.

Hu, S. Y. (1965) The Compositae of China (II). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 18: 233 - 334.

Jiao, B. H., Zhang, G. J., Fu, Z. X., Song, L. & Gao, T. G. (2016) Artemisia neosinensis, a new name for Artemisia sinensis (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Phytotaxa 267: 89 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 267.1.10

Ling, Y. R. (1980) Taxa nova generum Artemisiae et Seriphidii xizangensis. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 18: 504 - 513.

Ling, Y. R. (1985) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Xizangica, vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 742 - 793.

Ling, Y. R. (1988) The Chinese Artemisia Linn. -- the classification, distribution and application of Artemisia Linn. in China. Bulletin of Botanical Research (Harbin) 8 (4): 1 - 61.

Ling, Y. R. (1991) Artemisia L. In: Ling, Y. & Ling, Y. R. (Eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 76 (2). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 1 - 253.

Ling, Y. R. (1994) Artemisia Linn. In: Wang, W. T. (Ed.) Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains, vol. 2. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 2043 - 2057.

Ling, Y. R. (2004) Artemisia L. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica, vol. 13. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 318 - 359.

Ling, Y. R., Humphries, C. J. & Gilbert, M. G. (2011) Artemisia Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, vols. 20 - 21. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 676 - 737.

Liu, S. W. (1996) Artemisia L. In: Ho, T. N. & Liu, S. W. (Eds.) Flora Qinghaica ( Qinghaiica ), vol. 3. Qinghai People's Publishing House, Xining, pp. 376 - 408.

Pampanini, R. (1927) Quarto contributo alla conoscenza dell' Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 34: 171 - 181.

Pampanini, R. (1929) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (II). Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 375 - 388.

Pampanini, R. (1930) Quinto contributo alla conoscenza dell' Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Nuova serie) 36: 395 - 547. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263503009439746

Pampanini, R. (1939) Materiali per lo studio delle Artemisie asiatiche (IV). Nuovo Gionale Botanico Italiano (Nouva serie) 46: 551 - 599. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263503909440577

Polunin, O. & Stainton, A. (1984) Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 580 pp.

Stewart, R. R. (1972) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of west Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Nasir, E & Ali, S. I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan, Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi, pp. 1 - 1028.

Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018

Wei, Y. (2012) Artemisia Linn. In: Wu, Y. H. (Ed.) Flora Kunlunica, vol. 3. Chongqing Publishing House, Chongqing, pp. 630 - 685.

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Wu, Y. H. (2008) The Vascular Plants and their Eco-Geographical Distribution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Science Press, Beijing, 1369 pp.

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Figures

FIGURE 1. Lectotype (A), isolectotype (B), and remaining syntype (C, D) sheets of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis). A. Inset: portion of a leaf, abaxially arachnoid-tomentose. C. Inset a: portion of a leaf, adaxially tomentose; inset b: capitula, phyllaries abaxially arachnoid-tomentose.

FIGURE 5. Artemisia neosinensis in the wild [China, Yunnan, Yulong County (= Lijiang County), the type locality of A. neosinensis]. A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome and roots. C. Portions of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E. Adaxial side of leaf. F. Abaxial side of leaf. G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.

FIGURE 6. Artemisia neosinensis in the wild (China, Yunnan, Ninglang County).A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome and roots. C. Portions of stem (left: distal portion; right:proximal portion).D. Leaves. E.Adaxial side of leaf. F.Abaxial side of leaf.G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.

FIGURE 9. Specimens of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis) misidentified as A. moorcroftiana (A, B), A. campbellii (C) and A. orientalihengduangensis (D). A–D. Sichuan Veget. Exped. 2446 (CDBI, KUN) from Daocheng County in Sichuan.

FIGURE 10. Specimens of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis) misidentified as A. mongolica (A), A. roxburghiana (B), A. imponens (C) and A. divaricata (D). A–C. Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6011 (CDBI, KUN, PE) from Daocheng County in Sichuan. D. Anonymous 28262 (CDBI) from Litang County in Sichuan.

FIGURE 11. Specimens of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis) misidentified as A. moorcroftiana (A), A. tainingensis (B).A, B. Qinghai- Xizang Exped. 12142 (PE) from Yanyuan County in Sichuan.

FIGURE 12. Specimens of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis) misidentified as A. tangutica (A), A. kanashiroi (B), A. mattfeldii (C) and A. smithii (D). A. H. Sun & Z.G. Qian 696 (KUN) from Dêqên in Yunnan. B. Gucheng Exped. 530702353 (IMDY) from Yulong County (= Lijiang County) in Yunnan (the type locality of A. neosinensis). C. T.C. Kao 1297 (PEM) from Yulong County in Yunnan (the type locality of A. neosinensis). D. South-to-North Water Diversion Exped. 6325 (PE) from Yulong County in Yunnan (the type locality of A. neosinensis).

FIGURE 11. Specimens of Artemisia neosinensis (= A. sinensis) misidentified as A. moorcroftiana (A), A. tainingensis (B).A, B. Qinghai- Xizang Exped. 12142 (PE) from Yanyuan County in Sichuan.

FIGURE 13. Correcteddistributionof Artemisia neosinensis(= A.sinensis; ●) andwrong distributionalrecords (■) duetomisidentifications of specimens. Black arrow indicates the type locality of A. neosinensis.

FIGURE 14. Lectotype (A), isolectotype (B), and remaining syntype (C, D) sheets of Artemisia strongylocephala var. sinensis f. virgata. A, B. H. Handel-Mazzetti 3104 (E, WU) from Ninglang County in Yunnan, belonging to A. neosinensis. C. G. Mussot 205 (P) from Kangding County in Sichuan, belonging to A. tangutica var. tomentosa. D. J.A. Soulié 640 (P) from Kangding County in Sichuan, belonging to A. tangutica var. tomentosa.

FIGURE 15. Specimens of Artemisia somae. S.T. Chiu et al. 3371 (HAST, PE) from Nantou County in Taiwan, China.

FIGURE 16. Syntype sheets of Artemisia tainingensis.

FIGURE 17. Artemisia tainingensis in the wild (China, Sichuan, Dawu County, the type locality).A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome and roots. C. Portions of stem (left: distal portion; right: proximal portion). D. Leaves. E.Adaxial side of leaf. F.Abaxial side of leaf.G. Portion of synflorescence. H. Capitula. I. Phyllaries (abaxial side). J. Receptacle. K. Marginal female florets. L. Disk florets.

FIGURE 18. Syntype sheets of Artemisia tangutica var. tomentosa. B. Inset a: portion of a leaf, adaxially viscid-pubescent; inset b: capitula, phyllaries abaxially sparsely pubescent.

FIGURE 19. Holotype (A), isotype (B), and non-type (C, D) sheets of Artemisia robusta (= A. strongylocephala var. sinensis f. robusta), all from Gongshan County in Yunnan.A, B. G. Forrest 13379 (E, PE). C. T.T. Yu 20286 (PE). D. T.T. Yu 20724 (PE).