Phasia aurulans Meigen, 1824

Sun, Xuekui & Marshall, Stephen A., 2003, Systematics of Phasia Latreille (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 276 (1), pp. 1-320 : 73-77

3.4.4 Phasia aurulans Meigen, 1824

(Figures I­8, II­11.1)

Phasia aurulans Meigen, 1824: 197 .

Alophora (Hyalomyia) aurulans: Girschner, 1887: 18 ­ Brauer et Bergenstamm, 1889: 149 ­ Bezzi et Stein 1907: 579 ­ Rohdendorf 1947: 86.

Alophora splendida Coquillett, 1902: 105 , syn. nov.

Alophora aurulans: Stein 1924: 258 ­ Rohdendorf 1933: 712.

Phasiomyia meliceris Reinhard, 1955: 234 , syn. nov.

Allophorella aurulans: Dupuis 1963: 106 .

Alophora (Alophorella) aurulans: Draber­Mońko 1965: 167 (redescription).

Phasiomyia splendida: Sabrosky and Arnaud 1965: 970 (catalog) ­ Brooks 1945: 655 (redescription).

Phasia (Phasia) aurulans: Herting 1984: 168 (catalog) ­ Herting and Dely­Draskovits 1993: 410 (catalog).

Phasia splendida: O’Hara and Wood 1998: 765 (new combination).

DESCRIPTION

Body length: 7­9 mm.

MALE: HEAD. Head compressed anteriorly. Eyes separated by a distance as wide as ocellar triangle. Fronto­orbital plate black, greyish yellow pruinose, 5­6 rows of hairs laterally. Frontal vitta parallel, black. Frontal vitta at base of antennae 0.6­0.7 times as wide as fronto­orbital plate anteriorly. Ocellar setae present but fine; outer vertical setae present (but fine); inner vertical setae absent. Face brown to black with grey pruinosity. Parafacial black with grey pruinosity, bare, 1.3­1.4 times as wide as first flagellomere. Lower margin of face projecting, visible in profile, orange yellow, grey pruinose. Vibrissa well differentiated; intervibrissal distance as long as distance between vibrissa and eye on same side; facial ridge with bristles on lower 1/3. Gena yellow or brown, grey pruinose; hairs white; height 0.2­0.25 times eye height. Lunule black and shining; sublunular bulla indistinct. Antenna black; first flagellomere 1.1­1.2 times as long as pedicel; arista thickened on basal 0.25. Length of oral opening 1.6­1.7 times its width. Occiput flattened, white pruinose; hairs black. Palpus yellow or brown.

THORAX. Postsutural dorsum with a big yellow pruinose spot, with fine black hairs. 0+1 acrostichal seta; 0+1 dorsocentral seta; 1­2 postpronotal setae; presutural supra­alar seta present, strong; 1 postsutural intra­alar seta; 2 notopleural setae; 1 supra­alar seta; 2 postalar setae. Pleuron thinly grey pruinose; hairs white and yellow; and without scale­like setae. Anepimeral setae medium size, black; 1 katepisternal seta; 5­8 meral setae. Scutellum black with grey pruinosity (thinly), with two pairs of marginal setae; apical setae present and distinct; discal setae randomly arranged, not in rows. Subscutellum not very prominent. WING. Lower calypter brown to black. Wing base without scale­like setae. Tegula black. Basicosta yellow. Wing pictured; petiole of apical cell 0.21­0.24 times as long as preceding section of R 4+5; M meeting R 4+5 at acute angle. Halter yellow. LEGS. Fore femur black; ventrally and laterally with whitish yellow hairs, dorsally with black hairs. Fore tibia black, without bristles, apically with 0­1 p and 1 d. Fore tarus black. Fore claws black; 1.1­1.2 times as long as fifth tarsomere. Pulvilli black. Mid femur black; ventrally and laterally with whitish yellow hairs, dorsally with black hairs. Mid tibia black, with 1 v, apically with 1 a, 1 p and 1 v. Hind femur black; ventrally and laterally with whitish yellow hairs, dorsally with black hairs; scale­like setae absent. Hind tibia black, with one row of ad and one row of pd.

ABDOMEN. Abdominal tergites black or with yellow spot or area (various patterns); longitudinal vitta absent. Relative length of abdominal tergites I+II:III:IV:V = 1.2:1:1:1.3; relative width I+II:III:IV:V = 0.4:1:1:0.6. Syntergite I+II and tergite III shining, not pruinose. Pruinosity of tergite IV absent; hair spots indistinct. Pruinosity of tergite V yellow (V­like); hair spots indistinct. TERMINALIA. Syncercus long, posterior notch half­circular, with a pair of long hook­like structure posteriorly. Surstylus straight, slightly broad apically, longer than cercus. Ejaculatory apodeme knob­like, with a small hook apically. Hypandrium broad, as long as phallapodeme. Epiphallus well developed. Pregonite broad. Postgonite long and pointed, extremely longer than pregonite. Ventral of postgonite and dorsal of pregonite with sparse hairs. Phallus broad, 1.3­1.4 times as long as hypandrium, with fine hairs dorsally. Ventrolateral process long, hook­like; dorsolateral process short, straight.

FEMALE. Usually smaller than male. Wing hyaline. Eyes separated by a distance as wide as ocellar triangle. Thorax without yellow pruinosity. Anterior spine­like setae of hind tibia absent. Abdomen black, shining, without yellow pruinosity. Length of sternite VI less than width. Sternite VII (sheath) longer than sternite VI; broadly flattened; broadened apically; bent, apex directed ventrally; sternite VII with linear wrinkles ventrally (apical 1/2); median area membranous. Ovipositor bent downward.

TYPE MATERIAL

Phasia aurulans Meigen, 1824 . Holotype ♂, AUSTRIA (location unknown, not examined).

Alophora splendida Coquillett, 1902 . Holotype ♂, [ USA], New Hampshire, Franconia (USNM, No. 6201, examined).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED

CANADA. Alberta: Slave Lake, 1­17.viii.1924, O. Bryant (39♂ 10♀, CNCI, USNM, DEBU, CAS, AMNH, BMNH); Sueffield, 4.viii.1944, G.E. Bohart (1♀, CASC). British Columbia: Cultus Lake, 3.vii.1948, H.R. Foxlee (1♂, CNCI); Ft. Nelson, 27.viii. 1948, W.R. Mason (1♂ 2♀, CNCI); North Shore Shuswap Lake, 400m, 23­31.1987, J.E. O'Hara (3♂ 2♀, CNCI); Robson, 30.viii.1949, H.R. Foxlee (1♂, CNCI); Squamish Diamond Head Trail 3,200ft, 31.viii.1953, G.J. Spencer (1♂, CNCI); Terrace, 3mi S. Lakelse Rd., 19.viii.1960, C.H. Mann (5♂ 2♀, CNCI); Terrace, 10­14.viii.1960, B. Heming and W.R. Richards (6♂ 5♀, CNCI); Terrace (18mi SW), 17.vii.1960, B. Heming (1♀, CNCI); Terrace (6mi W), Gagon Rd., 20.vi.1960, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNCI); Terrace on Hwy (25km SW). 25, 7­8.vii.1984, J.E. O'Hara (3♂ 3♀, CNCI); Woodbury Creek., 3mi N. Ainsworth, Hot Springs, 4,000ft, 1­3.viii.1980, S.A. Marshall (2♀, DEBU). New Brunswick: Douglas, 7.viii.1913 and 8.viii.1919, A.B. Baird and J.D. Tothile (2♂, CNCI); Frederickton, 3.x.1933 (1♀, CNCI); Saint John, 6.viii.1900, (1♂, USNM). Northwest Territories: Norman Wells, 16.viii.1969, G.E. Shewell (1♂, CNCI). Nova Scotia: Cape Split, 27.viii.1989, S.A. Marshall, (1♂, DEBU). Ontario: Algonquin Pk. 15.viii.1904, 17.vii.1955 and 19.viii.1993, C.D. Jones P. Hahn and B. V. Peterson (2♂ 1♀, CNCI, DEBU); Bear Island, Lake Temagami, 19.ix.1946, (1♀, AMNH); Black Sturgeon Lake, 11.ix.1963 (1♂, CNCI); Caudry Township Witchdoctor Lake, 29.viii.1992, J.E. Swann (1♂ 3♀, DEBU); Frater, 28.viii.1924, E.B. Watson (3♂ 1♀, CNCI); Haliburton, Lazure Lake, 23.vi.1993, W. Bennett (1♀, DEBU); Hilk, 12.vii.1978, M. Lichtenberg (1♀, DEBU), Lake Nipigon, Grand Bay, 23.viii.1921, (1♂, USNM); Lake Superior Pk., 8.viii.1972, B.D. Beam (1♂, CNCI); Lake Abitibi, Low Bush., 15.viii.1925, N.K. Bigelow (1♂ 1♀, TAMU); Ogoki, 4.viii.1952, J.B. Wallis (1♀, CNCI); Sault Ste. Marie, 2.viii.1982, L.D. Coote (1♀, DEBU). Quebec: Forestville, 11.viii.1950, R.D. Ruette (1♂, CNCI); Gatineau Co., Masham Twp., 1.viii.1983, D.M. Wood (20♂ 23♀, CNCI); Lac Larouche, La Verendrye Pk. 21 and 30.vii.1972, D.M. Wood (31♂ 12♀, CNCI); Val d'Espoir, 27.viii.1931, J. Ouellet (1♀, AMNH); [?], 1.x.1977, C.W. Berg (1♂,CNCI). USA: Connecticut: Boileau, R.I.F. 24.viii.1940 (2♂ 1♀, CNCI). Georgia: Brasstown Bald, 4,800ft, 19.viii.1957, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNCI); Massachusetts: Mt. Greylack, 21.vii.1941, F.S. Blanton, (2♂, CUIC). Maine: Baxter St. Park, 26.viii.1951, (1♂, CUIC), Camp Kennedy, Mt. Katahdin, 3,000ft, viii.1902, (1♂ 1♀, USNM); Calais, (?) 3.iv.1903, (2♂, AMNH); Chamberlain Lake, 7.ix.1907, C.W. Johnson (2♂ 1♀, USNM, CASC), Oxford Co., Grafton Notch State Pk., 22.vii. 1984, N.E. Woodley (5♂ 1♀, USNM); Penobscot Co., 2.viii.1910 (1♀, CASC). Michigan: Agr. Coll. 12.x.1923, L.Q. Gentner (1♂, CNCI); Isle Royala, 3­7, viii.1936 and 6.viii.1957, C.W. Sabrosky and R.W. Hodges (6♂ 9♀, USNM, CNCI, TAMU, BMNH). New Hamsphire: Base Mt. Washington., 2,600ft, 31.viii­1.ix.1914, C.H.T. Townsend (50♂ 22♀, USNM, BMNH); Benton, 6.vii.1931, A.L. Melander (1♀, USNM); Crawford Notch, State Park on Spiraea, 27.vii.1990, S.A. Marshall (3♂ 2♀, DEBU); Crawford's, A.T. Slosson (2♂ 1♀, AMNH); Crawlord, Mt. Willard, 16.ix.1909, (1♂, AMNH); Grafton Co., Livermore, East Pond, vii.23/24.1980, J.F. Burger, ex: Soldago sp. (5♂ 5♀, BMNH); Franconia, A.T. Slosson (2♂ 1♀, AMNH); Franconia Notch, 8.vii.1931, J.M. Aldrich, (1♂ 1♀, USNM); Noxon Camp, 2,000ft, 5.vii.1931, (1♂,USNM); Kinsman Notch, 7.vii.1931, J.M. Aldrich (2♂ 2♀, USNM), Randolph, 5.ix.1941, E.L. Bell (1♂, AMNH), White Mts., Nat. For. 4mi W North Woodstock, 2.viii.1980, A.E. Stubbs (8♂ 3♀, BMNH). New York: (?), 29.vii.1920 (1♂, CNCI); North River, 6­16.viii.1950, C.W. Sabrosky, (1♂ 4♀, USNM). North Carolina: Forner Ridge, Smokies, 18.vii.1941, A.L. Melander (3♂, USNM); Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Klingmans Dome, 14.viii.1947, Bullock­Dreisbach (2♂, CNCI); Great Smoky Mountain National Park, 5,500ft, 18.vii.1953, E.S. Ross (1♀, CASC); Great Smokies, Siler's Bald, 5,000ft, 21.viii.1935, H.A. Allard (1♀, USNM); Macon Co., Wayah Bald, 5,336ft, 27.vii.1952, H.Dodge and N. Good (3♂ 2♀, CNCI); Mt. Mitchell, 20­22.viii.1926, R.W. Leiby (1♀, USNM), Summit of Graggy Mts., 10.viii.1906, W. Reutenmuller (6♂ 6♀, AMNH). Oregon: Brookings (5mi E.), 30.vi.1967, K. Goeden (1♂, USNM); Clatsop Co., 12.ix.1983, R.L. and D.R. Westcott (3♂ 2♀, USNM); Pittston, MG., 3.viii.1930, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM); Tillamook Co., Oswald West, S.P. 13.ix.1983, R.L. and D.R. Westcott (1♂, USNM). Pennsylvania: K. Comns, 28­ 29.viii.1931, W.A. Reeks (5♂ 2♀, AMNH, CNCI). South Carolina: Pickens Co., Sassafras Mtn., 31.vii.1978, host: Elasmucha lateralis On Betula lenta , W.A. Jones, (1♀, USNM). Tennessee: G.S.M.N.P., New Found Gap, 14­viii.1947, Bullock­Breisbach (3♂, CNCI, TAMU); Gr. Smoky Mts., Mt. Le Conte, 1.viii.1941, 1.ix.1933 and 23.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott, R.C. Shannon at al (5♂ 2♀, USNM, CNCI); Hattiesburg, 2.ix.1944 (1♂, CASC); (?), 1.ix.1933 (1♂ 1♀, CNCI). Vermont: Peru, 15.vii.1951, A.L. Melander (47♂ 22♀, USNM); Lyndon, 22.viii.1900, (1♂ 2♀, USNM). Virginia: Shenandoah Natl. Pk., (3♀, BMNH, USNM). Washington: Olympic Park, Hurricane Ridge, 21.vii.1968, B. V. Peterson (1♂ 2♀, CNCI); Quniault, 3.x.1933. (1♀, CNCI); Seattle, 29.vi.1901, J.A. Aldrich (1♂, USNM). West Virginia: Cranberry Gls., 10.viii.1952, H. V. Weems, Jr., (4♂ 2♀, USNM); Davis, Blackwater Falls St. Pk., 2.vii.1986, B.J. Sinclair (2♀, DEBU); Pendleton Co., 1,455m, 28­30.1985, W. Steiner and D. Bogar (1♂, USNM). Doubtful States: "White Mts [New Hamsphire or Arizona?], (1♂ 1♀, USNM)"; "Boyer. ove. 18.x.1936, J.C.D. (1♂, AMNH)"; "Adirondacks Avalanche Trl., 30.vii.1929, A.L. Melander (1♂,USNM)"; "Gasp, K. Cornus, 26.viii.1934, W.A. Reeks (1♂, AMNH)". CROATIA. Zagreb, 28.VIII.1934 (1♂, USNM). JAPAN. Hokkaido, Iwanai­senkyo, 14.x.1991, M. Nishiyama (1♂, BLKU); Hokkaido, Mt. Onnebetsu, 1­3.viii.1984, M. Iwasa (1♀, BLKU). FRANCE. Enfust, 16.viii.1886, ex: Girschner Collection and C.J. Wainwright Collection (2♂, BMNH). GERMANY. Tessin, Sigirino, 21.x.1963 (2♂ 4♀, CNCI, DEBU); Stuttgart (1♂, CNCI); Thal bei Wutha Krs. Eisenach, viii.1894 (1♂, DEIC); Schwarzburg Krs. Rudolstadt, viii.1897 (1♀, DEIC); Bad Blankenburg, viii.1897 (1♀, DEIC). DOUBTFUL LOCALITIES: "jauuüs (1♂ 1♀, BMNH)".

HOST

Elasmucha lateralis (Say) ( Pentatomidae : Acathosomatine): ­ USA (SC) (new record).

NOTES

Phasia aurulans Meigen is a Holarctic species. In the Nearctic region, it is distributed from coast to coast. In the Palaearctic region, it is distributed in Europe northward to Belgium, middle Sweden and St. Petersburg; northern Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, Russian Far East and Japan ( Herting 1984: 168).

As detailed by Draber­Mońko (1965: 170­171), Phasia aurulans is highly variable with regard to several morphological characters. Abdominal colour patterns and wing pigmentation (males) exhibit a particularly wide range in this species.