Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F.Almeida, 2016

Almeida, Rafael Felipe De, Berg, Cássio Van Den & Amorim, André Márcio Araujo, 2016, Untangling the Amorimia rigida complex, a puzzling group of lianescent Malpighiaceae from Eastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 284 (1), pp. 1-23 : 13-14

3. Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F.Almeida , comb. nov. ( Figs. 4–5 , 7 , 11–12 )

Basionym:— Mascagnia coriacea Grisebach (1858: 92) ≡ Mascagnia rigida subsp. coriacea (Griseb.) Niedenzu (1908: 19) . Lectotype (designated by Anderson 2006):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Woods of Tijuca, G. Gardner 5394 (K000427423!; Isolectotype: BM000611548!).

Woody vines to scandent shrubs; stems sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous at age; stipules 0.5–0.6 mm long, triangular, persistent to deciduous. Leaves decussate, reduced in inflorescences; petioles 3–5 mm long, sparsely sericeous-velutine to glabrous, eglandular to abaxially biglandular at apex; leaf blades 3–9 × 2–4.5 cm, conduplicate, not bullate, elliptic to ovate, base cuneate, margin plane, apex acute to acuminate, both sides glabrous, eglandular to 1–2 pairs of glands, 0.5–1 mm diam., at base or distally, up to ca. 3 mm from the margin; midvein adaxially impress, abaxially prominent, secondary veins 5–7 pairs, arching 40–50°, subopposite to alternate, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, reticulum prominent on both sides. Thyrses (pseudoracemes) or panicles, terminal; main axis 9–19 cm long, cylindrical, smooth, sericeous-velutine; cincinni 25–40, 1–flowered, alternate to decussate; bracts 1.9– 2.1 × 1.4–1.5 mm, ovate, sessile, parallel to peduncle, 1 pair of glands at base, both sides sericeous-velutine; peduncle 4–5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, sericeous-velutine; bracteoles 1.7–2 × 1.5–1.75 mm, wide-elliptic, inserted at the apex of the peduncle, parallel to pedicel, 1–2 pairs of glands at base, both sides sericeous-velutine; pedicels 4.5–5.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, sericeous-velutine. Flowers 9–12 mm diam. at anthesis; floral buds 3–4 × 3.5–4.5 mm. Sepals 1.3–1.5 × 1–1.1 mm, ovate, appressed to the androecium, apex obtuse to rounded, plane to revolute at anthesis, both sides sericeous-velutine; glands yellow turning orange to reddish at age, 1.5–2 × 0.75–1 mm. Petals yellow turning orange to red at age, margin sinuate; lateral petals reflexed at anthesis, anterior-lateral petals not overlapping at anthesis, limb 2.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm, elliptic, base hastate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claws 0.67–0.75 × 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine; posterior petal erect at anthesis, limb 1.5–1.7 × 1.4–1.5 mm, elliptic, base hastate, adaxially sericeous-velutine distally, abaxially sericeous-velutine, claw 1.4–1.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sericeous-velutine. Stamens 10, those opposite sepals longer than those opposite petals; filaments 1–1.25 × 0.3–0.4 mm, connate 0.15–0.2 mm long at base, glabrous; anthers heteromorphic, those opposite sepals shorter, those opposite petals longer, 1–1.25 × 0.5–0.75 mm, reflexed in anthesis, base pubescent. Ovary 1–1.25 × 1–1.25 mm, each carpel with primordial lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous-velutine; styles 3, cylindrical at base and apex, parallel at base, diverging at middle, apex truncate with obtuse angle, glabrous at base, anterior style 1–1.25 mm long, curved, posterior styles 1.3–1.5 mm long, erect; stigma lateral, crateriform. Samaras green to ocher in vivo; dorsal wing 7.5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm, depressed ovate with 1 triangular projection at apex, margin sinuate, both sides sericeous-velutine; lateral wings 1.7–2 × 1–1.3 cm, flabellate, margin erose to sinuate, upper angle 50°–55°, lower angle 60°–65° from the nut, both sides sericeous-velutine; nut orbicular, sericeous-velutine; areole 6–6.5 × 4.5–5 mm, ellipsoid to orbicular. Seeds 4.5–5 × 3.9–4 mm, testa smooth; embryo ovoid, cotyledons folded.

Specimens analyzed: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Mun.Armação de Búzios, Área de Proteção Ambiental da Azeda , S22°44’44’’ W41°52’09’’, 20 April 2004, fr., Dantas 610 (HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., Azeda , S22°44’40’’ W41°52’50’’, 4 April 2004, fr., Dantas 283 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., José Gonçalves , S22°48’00’’ W41°55’00’’, 20 February 2004, fl., Dantas 176 (HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., Ponta Zapata , S22°43’00’’ W41°57’00’’, 16 February 2004, fl. fr., Dantas 104 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., Ponta do Olho do Boi, 19 January 2000, fl., Fernandes 403 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB). Mun. Arraial do Cabo, Morro do Miranda , 17 January 2000, fl., Farney 3963 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB). Mun. Cabo Frio, Morro da Gamboa , próximo ao Bairro da Gamboa , S22°53’ W42°01’, 14 March 2004, fl. fr., Jardim 4228 (CEPEC, HUEFS) ; loc. cit., 20 January 1967, fl., Sucre 1421 (CEPEC, RB, UB) ; loc. cit., 18 December 1996, fl., Farag 309 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., 29 March 2007, fl., Farney 4650 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., estrada nova para Armação de Búzios, Baia Formosa, entrada para o Capão da Pedra do Sr. Henrique Massala , 6 May 1987, fl. fr., Lima 2877 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., Peró, praia das Conchas , 14 January 2016, fl. fr., Almeida & Pellegrini 615 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB). Mun. Niterói, Itaipuaçu, Pico Alto Moirão, 17 June 1985, fr., Andreata 708 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB) ; loc. cit., Pico Alto Moirão , 14 January 1982, fl., Andreata 373 (CEPEC, HUEFS, RB). Mun. Rio das Ostras, praia, 4 April 1971, fl., Krieger 10298 (CEPEC, CESJ, HUEFS). Mun. Rio de Janeiro, Mundo Novo, Botafogo, June 1921, fl., Kuhlmann s.n. (HUEFS, RB) .

Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Amorimia coriacea is known only from restingas (sand dunes vegetation) and rocky outcrops along the coast of state of Rio de Janeiro ( Fig. 12 ). Flowering from December to June, and fruiting from February to June.

Conservation status: — Amorimia coriacea has records with an area of occurrence of approximately 3.620 km ², and area of occupancy of 32.000 km ², in anthropomorphically modified restinga vegetation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thus, this species should be regarded as Endangered (categories B1a and B1b), due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km 2 and continually declining habitat quality.

Etymology: —The epithet probably makes reference to the coriaceous texture of its leaves.

Nomenclatural notes: — Mascagnia coriacea was lectotypified by Anderson (2006) based on two sheets from BM and K. However, the type locality from the lectotype at K is cited only as Woods “Tejuco”, Brazil. After some research, the author might have mistakenly assumed that the type locality was an abbreviation of “Arraial do Tejuco”, a locality currently renamed to Diamantina municipality, in the state of Minas Gerais. Anderson was probably lead to this assumption based on the type locality of Mascagnia rigida , which is somewhere near Northern Minas Gerais (Jequitinhonha municipality). Nonetheless, after analyzing the label on the isolectotype at BM, we observed that it clearly states Woods Tejuca, state of Rio de Janeiro as the type locality. “Tejuca” is a misspelling of the tupi-guarani word “Tijuca”, meaning swampy area. The Floresta da Tijuca (Woods of Tijuca) currently comprehends the area of the Tijuca National Park, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro.

Taxonomic notes: — Amorimia coriacea resembles A. rigida on indumenta type, inflorescence morphology, sepal shape, petal morphology, filaments indumenta and shape of apex of style, but differs on position and shape of leaves, size of peduncles, petal position, size of filaments, anthers indumenta, and shape of dorsal wings of samaras. A list of informative characters to differentiate them is presented on Table 1.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F.Almeida: A. detail of the woody stem; B. abaxial side of a leaf; C. flowering and fruiting branch; D. detail of floral buds; E. flower in frontal view; F. mature flower in side view; G. mature samara in side view showing the dorsal wing; H. mature samara in dorsal view; I. Seasonally Dry Forest in Rio de Janeiro state (photographs A–F, I by M.O.O. Pellegrini; G by C.N. Fraga).

FIGURE 5. Original line drawing of Mascagnia coriacea Griseb. published in Flora Brasiliensis: A. flowering branch; B. bract; C–D. bracteoles; E. floral bud; F. 1-flowered cincinnus; G. petal in abaxial view; H. petal in adaxial view; I. hairs; J. sepal in side view; K. sepal in adaxial view; L. sepal in abaxial view; M. floral diagram; N–Q. stamens; R. gynoecium; S. carpel laterally cut showing a single bent embryo.

FIGURE 7. Amorimia coriacea (Griseb.) R.F.Almeida (based on R.F. Almeida 615): A. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern, B. posterior petal in adaxial view, C. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view, D. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view, E. androecium, the first stamen on the left opposite the anterior sepal; F. Stamen showing hairy anther, G. gynoecium with anterior style at center. Amorimia pellegrinii R.F.Almeida (based on R.F. Almeida 614): H. abaxial side of a leaf showing vein pattern, I. posterior petal in adaxial view, J. posterior-lateral petal in adaxial view, K. anterior-lateral petal in abaxial view, L. androecium, the first stamen on the left opposite the anterior sepal; M. stamen showing hairy anther, N. gynoecium with anterior style at center (drawings by Klei Sousa).

FIGURE 11. Illustration plate comparing flowers and fruits from species of the Amorimia rigida complex: Amorimia rigida, A. flower in frontal view, G. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia candidae, B. flower in frontal view, H. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia coriacea, C. flower in frontal view, I. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia pellegrinii, D. flower in frontal view, J. samara in dorsal view; Amorimia andersonii, E. flower in frontal view, K. mature samara unknown; Amorimia velutina, F. flower in frontal view, L. samara in dorsal view (photographs A, B, D, G, H, J—R.F. Almeida, C—M.O.O. Pellegrini, E—F. Michelangeli, I—C.N. Fraga).

FIGURE 12. Distribution map of species from the Amorimia rigida complex in eastern Brazil: white circle—A. andersonii, black circle— A. candidae, white square—A. coriacea, gray triangle—A. pellegrinii, black triangle—A. rigida, dark star—A. velutina. White area— Caatinga domain, light gray area—Atlantic Forest domain, dark gray area—Cerrado domain, dark area—Amazon Forest domain.