Rhinoleucophenga pampeana, Poppe & Schmitz & Grimaldi & Valente, 2014

Poppe, Jean Lucas, Schmitz, Hermes José, Grimaldi, David & Valente, Vera Lúcia Da Silva, 2014, High diversity of Drosophilidae (Insecta, Diptera) in the Pampas Biome of South America, with descriptions of new Rhinoleucophenga species, Zootaxa 3779 (2), pp. 215-245 : 221-226

Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov.

Type series. Holotype: 1♂ labelled “ Rhinoleucophenga pampeana ; HOLOTYPE ♂; Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bossoroca. 28°44’53”S 54°56’38”W, 07.iv.2012 col.: JL Poppe; banana bait”. Postabdomen of holotype dissected, stored in microvial with glycerin, stored on the same pin with the respective specimen. In FZB/RS . Paratypes: 1♂ and 2♀ labelled “ Rhinoleucophenga pampeana ; PARATYPE; Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Bossoroca. 28°44’53”S 54°56’38”W, 07.iv.2012 col.: JL Poppe; banana bait”. In FZB/RS .

Diagnosis. Head covered with ca. 200 scattered interfrontal setulae, thorax brownish, abdomen brownish with brown stripes that make the terminal abdominal portion darker. Transverse veins and the ends of R 2+3, R 4+5 and M veins strongly clouded; costal and subcostal cell clouded. The R 2+3 vein presents with four clouded supernumerary veins. Male terminalia as in Figure 8a–b .

Description. ♂. Head ( Fig. 4a ). Front yellow brownish, covered with ca. 200 scattered interfrontal setulae, frontal length 0.89mm (0.78–1.0); frontal index = 0.98 (0.83–1.14); top-to-bottom frontal width ratio = 1.13 (1.07– 1.19); ocellar triangle to front length ratio = 0.28 (0.23–0.33); or1/or3 ratio = 0.92 (0.75–1.10); or2/or1 ratio = 1.02 (0.92–1.13); vibrissal index = 0.33 (0.29–0.37). Carina prominent and sulcate. Cheek index = 9.95 (8.6–11.3). Eye index = 1.54 (1.52–1.56). Antenna with the scape and pedicel of the same color as front, flagellomere grayish, arista plumose, with 10 dorsal branches and 8 ventral branches plus terminal fork. Palpus yellow with ca. 50 setae along lower margin.

Thorax ( Fig. 5a ). Thorax length 3.15mm (2.91–3.4). Scutum and scutellum brownish; scutum with a median yellow brownish longitudinal stripe in the anterior portion; 14 rows of acrostichal setulae. 3 pairs of prescutellar setae, the central pair strongest, about 76.5% (66–87) of posterior dorsocentral setae. Only one pair of postpronotal setae. Transverse distance between dorsocentral setae 5.89x (5.53–6.25) the longitudinal distance. Basal scutellar setae divergent. Sterno index = 0.87 (0.84–0.9); median katepisternal setae absent. Halteres whitish yellow. Legs light yellow.

Wings ( Fig. 6a ). Transverse veins and the end of R 2 +3, R 4 +5 and M veins strongly clouded; costal and subcostalcell clouded. In the holotype, the R 2 +3 vein with four clouded supernumerary veins that extend in direction to the costal vein, but not reaching it. In the ♂ paratype the posterior supernumerary vein is directed to the R 4 +5 vein. Length 5.91mm (5.52–6.3); width 2.57mm (2.34–2.8). Indices: C = 4.79 (4.73–4.85); Hb = 0.47 (0.42–0.53); Ac = 0.95 (0.9–1); 4c = 0.57 (0.57–0.58); 4v = 1.39 (1.37–1.42); 5x = 0.72 (0.66–0.79); M = 0.36 (0.33–0.40); prox.x = 0.81 (0.80–0.82) .

Abdomen ( Fig. 7a ). Brownish, with faint brown stripes covering 1/3 of tergite II and ½ of the tergite III, medially interrupted only on tergite II. Wider stripes posterior to tergite IV making the abdomen darker in the posterior portion.

Body length 5.85mm (5.7–6).

Terminalia ♂ ( Fig. 8a–b ). Aedeagus ring-like, dorsoventrally flattenedat apex, with short protrusions on the top. Apodeme long and bifurcate in posterior portion. Surstyli fused to epandrium, each surstylus with ca. 28 black rod-shaped prensisetae slightly rounded at tip, about 8 inner setae and 4 outer setae in each side. About 4 upper setae and 25–30 lower setae on each side of epandrium. Cerci small, with ca. 20–25 setae on each half.

♀. Head ( Fig. 4d ). Same color pattern and setation as in male. Front length = 0.86mm (0.8–0.92); frontal index = 0.95 (0.75–1.15); top-to-bottom width ratio = 1.12 (1–1.24); ocellar triangle to front length ratio = 0.37 (0.29– 0.45); or1/or3 ratio = 0.8 (0.63–0.96); or2/or1 ratio = 0.6 (0.5–0.69); vibrissal index = 0.4 (0.36–0.44). Carina prominent and sulcate. Cheek index = 10.3 (9.08–11.6). Eye index = 1.42 (1.38–1.47). Arista plumose with 11 dorsal branches and 8 ventral branches plus terminal fork. Other characters as in male.

Thorax ( Fig. 5d ). Color pattern lighter than male. Thorax length 2.87mm (2.6–3.13). Scutum and scutellum brownish. 14 rows of acrostichal setulae. 3 pairs of prescutellar setae, the central pair strongest, about 71% (67–75) of posterior dorsocentral setae. Transversal distance between dorsocentral setae 5.6x (5.2–6) longitudinal distance. Sterno index = 1.05 (0.8–1.3). Other characters as in male.

Wings ( Fig. 6d ). Transverse veins and the end of R 2+3, R 4+5 and M veins strongly clouded; costal and subcostal cell clouded. Vein R 2+3 with two clouded supernumerary veins that extend in direction to the costal vein, but not reaching it. Length 5.8mm (5.6–6); width 2.4mm (2.3–2.5). Indices: C = 4.51 (4.28–4.75); Hb = 0.48 (0.37–0.6); Ac = 1.05 (1.0–1.11); 4c = 0.66 (0.63–0.7); 4v = 1.6 (1.51–1.7); 5x = 0.8 (0.7–0.9); M = 0.39 (0,3–0.49); prox.x = 0.92 (0.91–0.93).

Abdomen ( Fig. 7d ). Same color pattern of male.

Body length: 5.73mm (5.17–6.3).

Terminalia ♀ ( Fig. 8c–d ). Cerci long with four apical setae on each one. Epiproct with ca. 20 setae and the hypoproct with ca. 40 setae, including 8 apical ones longer than the others. Spermathecal capsule slightly rounded and without apparent wrinkles.

Etymology. The species name refers to the biome where it was found, pampas.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Biology. Collected in fermented-banana traps, along the edges and inside forest patches.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Head of Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov.,male (a), female (d), Rhinoleucophenga missionera sp. nov.,male (b), female (c), and Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov.,male (c), female (f). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Thorax of Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov.,male (a), female (d), Rhinoleucophenga missionera sp. nov.,male (b), female (e), and Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov.,male (c), female (f). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Wings of Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov.,male (a), female (d), Rhinoleucophenga missionera sp. nov.,male (b), female (e), and Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov.,male (c), female (f). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Abdomen of Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov.,male (a), female (d), Rhinoleucophenga missionera sp. nov.,male (b), female (e), and Rhinoleucophenga sulina sp. nov.,male (c), female (f). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Terminalia of Rhinoleucophenga pampeana sp. nov. Epandrium (a), aedeagus (b), dorsal view of female terminalia (c), ventral view of female terminalia (d), spermatheca (e). (Scale bars = 0.1 mm)