Sepedon aenescens Wiedemann, 1830

Li, Zhu & Yang, Ding, 2017, Sepedon (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) species from China, with notes on taxonomy and distribution, Zootaxa 4254 (3), pp. 301-321 : 303-306

1. Sepedon aenescens Wiedemann, 1830

( Figs. 1–9 )

Sepedon aenescens Wiedemann, 1830 . Ausser. Zweifl. Ins. 2: 579. Type locality: China: Trentepohl. Sepedon violacea Hendel, 1909 . Wien. Ent. Ztg. 28: 86. Type locality: China: Hong Kong.

Sepedon sauteri Hendel, 1911 . Ann. Mus. Natl. Hung. 9: 270. Type locality: China: Taiwan, Takao. Sepedon sinensis Mayer, 1953 . Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 59: 217. Type locality: China: Jiangsu, Nanjing.

Diagnosis. Male ( Fig. 1 ). Body black or bluish black with metallic luster. Frons without orbital spots ( Fig. 2 ), but velvety black parafacial spot present below level of antenna ( Fig. 3 ). Frons with pair of posterior orbital setae ( Fig. 2 ). Antennal scape yellowish to pale brown, paler than blackish brown pedicel and flagellum ( Fig. 3 ). One pair of apical scutellar setae present. Femur yellow, the rest legs blackish brown ( Fig. 1 ). Wing infumated, without spots, sometimes darker in distal portion. Female similar to male in external characters except terminalia.

Male terminalia: sternum 5 divided into two triangular sclerites ( Fig. 4 ). Cerci with tubercle protuberance subapically ( Fig. 5 ). Surstylus oval in caudal view ( Fig. 6 ). Hypandrium tapering apically ( Fig. 7–8 ). Aedeagal apodeme about as long as ejaculatory apodeme but dilated distally ( Fig. 9 ).

Specimens examined. CHINA: Beijing: 1947. IV. 20, Ru-Qi Wang (1♂, CAU), 1962 . VII. 23, Chun-Guang Wang (1♀, IZCAS), 1970 . III. 25, collectors unknown (1♂1♀, IZCAS), 50 m, 1962. VIII. 10, Chun-Guang Wang (1♀, IZCAS), 700 m, 1974 . VII. 4, Yong-Shan Shi (1♀, IZCAS), 1948 . IV. 19, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂, CAU), 1974 . VIII. 28, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU), 1974 . VIII. 28, Fa-Sheng Li (4♂, CAU), 1975 . VII. 25, Fa-Sheng Li (4♀, CAU), 1975 . VIII. 27, Fa-Sheng Li (3♂ 2♀, CAU), 1981 . IV. 14, Xin-Li Wang (1♂, CAU), 1986 . V. 7, Yin Wang (1♂ 1♀, CAU); Changping, 2006 . IX. 5, Peng-Tao Wang (1♀, CAU), 2006 . IX. 6, Yuan-Yuan Zong (1♀, CAU), 2006 . IX. 7, Jin-Mei Li (1♂, CAU), 2006 . IX. 8, Hong-Jia Fu (1♂, CAU), 2006 . IX. 8, Xian-Zhen Yan (1♂, CAU), 255 m, 2013 . VIII. 17, Xiu-ling Sun (1♂, BNHM); Huairou, 910 m, 2006 . VI. 16, Guo-Quan Wang (1♀, CAU) . Fujian: 1940. III. 9, collectors unknown (1♂, IZCAS); Chong’an, 200 m, 1960 . VII. 17, Zuo Yong (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 250 m, 1960 . VII. 19, Zuo Yong (2♂, IZCAS); Deya, 1974 . XI. 7, Ji-Kun Yang (1♀, CAU); Fuzhou, 100–200 m, 1960 . III. 8, Sheng-Qiao Jiang (3♂, IZCAS), 1974 . XI. 21, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂, CAU); Kuiqi, 1955 . VIII. 2, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS); Xiamen, 1974. VII. 24, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU), 1974 . XI. 24, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂ 1♀, CAU), 1974 . XI. 25, Ji-Kun Yang (1♀, CAU), 1974 . XI. 27, Ji-Kun Yang (1♀, CAU), 1974 . XI. 28, Ji-Kun Yang (2♂, CAU), 1974 . XI. 29, Fa-Sheng Li (4♀, CAU) . Guangdong: Guangzhou , 50 m, 1958. VI. 29, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS), 1974 . VII. 27, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU) . Guangxi: Heng County, 2006. VIII. 15, Ying Mo (1♂, CAU); Guilin, 1952 . VI. 13, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS); Jinxiu, 720 m, 1983. VI. 11, Xin-Li Wang (1♀, CAU); Xiashi, 1963 . V. 6, Ji-Kun Yang (1♀, CAU). Guizhou: Dasha River , 1300–1550 m, 2004 . VIII. 19, Ya- Jun Zhu (1♀, CAU), 650 m, 2004 . VIII. 21, Ya-Jun Zhu (1♂ 2♀, CAU); Huaxi, 1000 m, 1981 . V. 21, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU), 1981 . V. 26, Fa-Sheng Li (1♀, CAU); Luodian, 500 m, 1981 . VI. 5, Fa-Sheng Li (1♀, CAU); Yanhe, 920 m, 2007 . IX. 29, Yu-Si Cui (2♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 3, Yu-Si Cui (1♀, CAU) . Hainan: Baisha, 2006. VI. 2, Hui Dong (1♀, CAU); Baoting, 80 m, 1960 . V. 19, Zhen-Fu Li (4♂ 3♀, IZCAS); Danzhou, 110 m, 1974 . XII. 7, Ji-Kun Yang (2♂, CAU), 2006 . V. 14, Hui Dong (1♀, CAU), 2006 . V. 15, Hui Dong (2♂, CAU), 2007 . V. 8, Jun-Hua Zhang (1♀, CAU); Tongshen, 340 m, 1960 . III. 25, Chang-Qing Li (1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 25, Xue-Zhong Zhang (10♂, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 25, Xue-Zhong Zhang (11♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 25, Zhen-Fu Li (1♀, IZCAS), 1 960 . III. 26, Xue-Zhong Zhang (2♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 26, Zhen-Fu Li (1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 27, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 27, Xue-Zhong Zhang (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 28, Xue-Zhong Zhang (1♂, IZCAS), 1960 . III. 28, Zhen-Fu Li (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 14, Zhen-Fu Li (1♂, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 22, Xue-Zhong Zhang (1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 22, Zhen-Fu Li (2♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 25, Xue-Zhong Zhang (27♂ 32♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 25, Zhen-Fu Li (7♂ 3♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 26, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 4♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 26, Xue-Zhong Zhang (6♂, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 26, Xue-Zhong Zhang (8♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 27, Zhen-Fu Li (5♂, IZCAS), 1960 . VI. 24, Xue-Zhong Zhang (2♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . VI. 27, Zhen-Fu Li (6♀, IZCAS), 1960 . VIII. 1, Zhen-Fu LI (1♂, IZCAS); Wanning, 10 m, 1960. IV. 10, Xue-Zhong Zhang (10♂ 9♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 10, Zhen-Fu Li (3♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 12, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 13, Xue-Zhong Zhang (1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 14, Xue-Zhong Zhang (39♂ 36♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 14, Zhen-Fu Li (4♂, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 15, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 15, Zhen-Fu Li (2♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 16, Zhen-Fu Li (3♀, IZCAS); Xinglong, 1974 . XI. 20, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU); Wuzhishan, 600 m, 2007 . X. 28, Xing-Yue Liu (1♂ 1♀, CAU); Yinggen, 200 m, 1960 . V. 5, Chang-Qing Li (1♂, IZCAS), 1960 . V. 5, Xue-Zhong Zhang (15♂ 6♀, IZCAS), 1960 . V. 6, Xue-Zhong Zhang (3♀, IZCAS), 1960 . VII. 10, Zhen-Fu Li (1♂, IZCAS), 1960 . VII. 9, Chang-Qing Li (1♂, IZCAS) . Hebei: Yu County, 920 m, 1964. VIII. 2, Yin-Heng Han (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1964 . VIII. 3, Yin-Heng Han (1♂ 3♀, IZCAS); Zhuozhou, 1965 . IV. 22, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂ 1♀, CAU) . Heilongjiang: Harbin , 1954. VI. 6, collectors unknown (1♂, IZCAS), 1955 . V. 23, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS); Tailai, 1960, collectors (1♂, IZCAS). Hubei: Badong, 1700 m, 2006. VII. 14, Ming Li (1♂, CAU); Shennongjia, 1984 . VI. 29, Ji-Kun Yang (1♀ 1♂, CAU); Wuchang, 1957 . VIII. 5, collectors unknown (1♂, CAU); Yichang, 2002. VII. 18, Qi-Yun Xu (1♀, CAU); Zigui, 110 m, 1994 . IV. 30, Xing-Ke Yang (1♂, IZCAS), 1994 . IX. 6, Shi-Mei Song (1♂, IZCAS), 1994 . IX. 7, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, IZCAS) . Hunan: Changsha, 1985. VIII. 15, Nai-Zhong Chen (6♂ 5♀, CAU); Nanyue, 1963 . VI. 21, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂, CAU); Yueyang, 2007 . X. 19, Qi-Fei Liu (1♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 20, Kui-Yan Zhang (1♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 20, Qi-Fei Liu (3♂ 5♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 21, Kui-yan Zhang (6♂ 5♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 21, Qi-Fei Liu (19♂ 14♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 21, Shan Huo (4♂ 4♀, CAU), 2007 . X. 22, Kui-Yan Zhang (1♀, CAU), 2008 . VI. 1, Kui-yan Zhang (5♂ 4♀, CAU), 2008 . VI. 1, Li Shi (22♂ 17♀, CAU) . Inner Mongolia: Ximeng, 1971. VI. 23, Yin-Heng Han (2♀, IZCAS), 1971 . VIII. 27, Yin-Heng Han (2♂ 3♀, IZCAS) . Shanghai: 1955. IV, collectors unknown (2♀, IZCAS), 1955. IV, collectors unknown (3♂, IZCAS), 1957. VIII, collectors unknown (1♂, IZCAS) . Liaoning: Panjin, 2006. VII. 29, Yue Zhou (1♀, CAU); Shenyang, 2008 . V. 10, Yong-qing Ni (1♂, SNU) . Ningxia: Yinchuan, 1111 m, 1980. VII. 10, Ji-Kun Yang (5♂ 4♀, CAU), 1992 . VIII. 3, Zhi-Hong Li (1♀, CAU) . Shaanxi: Xi’an, 1984. VIII. 23, Zhen-Qin Chen (1♀, CAU); Xixiang, 110 m, 1980 . IV. 29, Ning Ma (1♂ 1♀, NAFU) . Shanxi: Liaoxi, 1951. VII. 18, Wei-Hua Li (1♀, CAU) . Sichuan: Fengjie , 110 m, 1994 . V. 23, Wen-Zhu Li (1♀, IZCAS); Mount Emei , 550 m, 2009 . VIII. 6, Yan Li (1♂, CAU), 680 m, 2009 . VIII. 7, Jun-Chao Wang (1♀, CAU) . Tianjin: 1959. VI, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS), 1979 . VI. 16, collectors unknown (1♀, NKU), 1962. IX. 5, collectors unknown (1♂, CAU). Xinjiang: 1958. VII. 18, collectors unknown (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS); Akesu, 1210–1240 m, 1958 . IX. 1, Chang- Qing Li (5♂ 10♀, IZCAS), 1958 . VIII. 31, Chang-Qing Li (1♂, IZCAS), 1958 . IX. 5, Chang-Qing Li (1♀, IZCAS); Bachu, 1350 m, 1958 . IX. 15, Chang-Qing Li (1♀, IZCAS), 1958 . IX. 25, Chang-Qing Li (1♂, IZCAS); Hetian, 1300 m, 1959 . VI. 3, Shu-Yong Wang (3♂ 3♀, IZCAS), 1959 . VII. 2, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS); Miquan, 720 m, 1969 . VIII. 3, Shu-Yong Wang (1♂, IZCAS); Moyu, 1240 m, 1959 . V. 16, Shu-Yong Wang (1♂ 1♀, IZCAS); Qiemo, 1200 m, 1960 . IV. 21, Shu-Yong Wang (2♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1960 . IV. 22, Shu-Yong Wang (5♂ 10♀, IZCAS); Tacheng, 1955 . VII. 24, Shi-Jun Ma (2♂ 1♀, IZCAS); Tulufan, 34 m, 1979 . VIII. 26, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂ 1♀, CAU); Wushi, 1320–1400 m, 1958 . IX. 1, Chang-Qing Li (1♂, IZCAS), 1530 m, 1959 . VII. 18, Chang-Qing Li (1♂ 3♀, IZCAS), 1530 m, 1959 . VII. 18, Shu-Yong Wang (6♂, IZCAS). Yunnan: Baoshan, 1630 m, 1980 . IV. 11, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU); Jinghong, 600 m, 1981 . IV. 15, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂ 1♀, CAU); Kungming, 1957 . III. 1, Ling-Chao Zang (1♂, IZCAS), 1957 . III. 2, Shu-Yong Wang (2♂ 5♀, IZCAS), 1938 . V. 13, collectors unknown (-, CAU), 1941. VII. 11, collectors unknown (2♀, CAU), 1942. VIII. 24, collectors unknown (1♀, CAU), 1 943. VI. 2, collectors unknown (1♀, CAU), 1944. VII. 13, collectors unknown (-, CAU), 1944. VII. 13, collectors unknown (2♂1♀, CAU); Lincang, 2004. X. 5, Kai Guan (2♂ 1♀, CAU); Menghai, 1990 . IV. 24, collectors unknown (1♀, SNU); Mengla, 2005. V. 21, Peng Wang (2♂ 1♀, CAU); Menglong, 1958 . IV. 8, Han-Hua Cheng (5♂ 8♀, NKU); Menglun, 800 m, 1981 . IV. 10, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU); Mojiang, 1320 m, 1981 . IV. 5, Fa-Sheng Li (3♂ 1♀, CAU); Puer, 1320 m, 1981 . IV. 6, Fa-Sheng Li (1♂, CAU); Qujing, 1941 . V. 13, collectors unknown (1♀, CAU); Shaotong, 2009. IX. 18, Wei-Na Cui (1♀, CAU), 716 m, 2009 . IX. 17, Wei-Na Cui (1♂ 3♀, CAU); Xishuangbanna, 1300 m, 1958 . VIII. 2, Shu-Yong Wang (1♀, IZCAS), 850 m, 1958 . IX.1, Xu-Wu Meng (1♂, IZCAS), 1050–1080 m, 1958 . V. 12, Shu-Yong Wang (1♀, IZCAS), 550 m, 1959 . V. 17, Yi-Ran Zhang (1♀, IZCAS), 1958 . XI. 8, Yi- Ran Zhang (2♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 1959 . V. 11, Yi-Ran Zhang (2♂, IZCAS), 1959 . V. 3, Fu-Ji Pu (6♂ 5♀, IZCAS), 1959 . V. 3, Zhen-Fu Li (20♂ 14♀, IZCAS), 1959 . VI. 17, Yi-Ran Zhang (1♀, IZCAS), 650 m, 1958 . IV. 9, Chun-Pei Hong (1♀, IZCAS), 650 m, 1958 . IV. 9, Fu-Ji Pu (5♂ 3♀, IZCAS), 650 m, 1958 . X. 24, Fu-Ji Pu (1♂, IZCAS), 700 m, 1957 . IV. 11, Fu-Ji Pu (1♂, IZCAS), 800–1300 m, 1959 . V. 11, Yi-Ran Zhang (1♀, IZCAS), 800–1300 m, 1959 . V. 11, Zhen-Fu Li (4♂ 1♀, IZCAS), 810 m, 1957 . III. 25, Da-Hua Liu (1♀, IZCAS), 810 m, 1957 . III. 26, Fu-Ji Pu (1♀, IZCAS), 850 m, 1957 . III. 26, Ling-Chao Zang (2♂ 3♀, IZCAS), 850 m, 1957 . III. 26, Shu-Yong Wang (3♂, IZCAS); Yuanmou, 2004 . VII. 14, Qing-Yuan Li (1♀, CAU), 2004 . VIII. 16, Yong-Lin Deng (1♀, CAU), 2004 . VIII. 19, Cong-Fu Li (1♀, CAU), 2005 . XI. 27, Qiao Li (1♀, CAU), 2005 . XI. 27, Zhen Chen (1♀, CAU); Yun county , 1100 m, 1981 . IV. 23, Ji-Kun Yang (1♂ 1♀, CAU); Zhenkang, 1620 m, 1955 . V. 10, Tian-Rong Huang (1♂, IZCAS) . Zhejiang: Lin’an , 1961. VIII, collectors unknown (1♀, IZCAS).

Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan); Pakistan, India, Nepal, Thailand, Japan, Philippines, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Far East of Russia, Korea ( Yano, 1968; Knutson & Orth, 1984).

Remarks. Sepedon aenescens is based on a male from China (type locality: Trentepohl) ( Wiedemann, 1830). The lectotype was designated by Knutson in Knutson & Orth (1984). The junior synonym S. violacea was described from a female recorded at Hong Kong ( Hendel, 1909), the junior synonym S. sinensis is based on a male from the vicinity of Nanking, China ( Mayer, 1953), and the junior synonym. S. sauteri was described from Taiwan ( Hendel, 1911).

This species is very similar to S. sphegea . Most published literature ( Rozkošný, 1987; Knutson & Orth, 1984) describes the primary external difference between them to be the color of the antennal scape (see the couplet 3 in the key) ( Fig. 3 , Fig. 62 ). However, this subtle difference is not particularly useful for identification because the scape color of S. aenescens varies from yellow to dark brown. Because of this, S. aenescens and S. sphegea often have been misidentified for each other ( Rozkošný et al., 2010).

To discover more reliable external identification characters between the two species, the first author checked 102 specimens labeled S. sphegea (62 males and 40 females) in MNHNP. The following differences seem to be reliable: 1) the body of S. aenescens is somewhat smaller and more slender than that of S. sphegea ; 2) besides having a paler antennal scape than that of S. sphegea , the body of S. aenescens is paler (bluish black) than that of S. sphegea (darker blackish rather than blue); 3) the leg color differs between the two species, with the legs contrasting reddish in S. sphegea ( Fig. 61 ) and yellow in S. aenescens ( Fig. 1 ).

Despite all of these characters, the male terminalia of S. aenescens ( Fig. 5–9 ) and S. sphegea ( Fig. 63–67 ), including the cerci, surstylus, and hypandrium, show no distinctive differences. This result is inconsistent with that of Knutson & Freidberg (1983) and Knutson & Orth (1984). In this paper we regard them in the traditional sense, as separate species, and will continue to do so until we can find new evidence such as molecular differences.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 9. Sepedon aenescens Wiedemann. 1. Male habitus, lateral view. 2. Frons, frontal view. 3. Head, lateral view. 4. Sternum 5. 5. Male postabdomen, lateral view. 6. Male postabdomen, caudal view. 7. Hypandrium, complete, ventral view. 8. Hypandrium (left part), lateral view. 9. Aedeagus and apodemes, lateral view.

FIGURES 61 – 67. Sepedon sphegea (Fabricius). 61. Male habitus, lateral view. 62. Head, lateral view. 63. Male postabdomen, lateral view. 64. Male postabdomen, caudal view. 65. Sternum 5. 66. Hypandrium (right part), lateral view. 67. Hypandrium, aedeagus and apodemes, ventral view.