Pales processioneae ( Ratzeburg, 1840 )

Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2005, Revision of the West Palaearctic species of the genus Pales Robineau­Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 885, pp. 1-36 : 26-29

Pales processioneae ( Ratzeburg, 1840) (figs 24, 25)

Tachina processioneae Ratzeburg, 1840: 125 . Type locality: Köln, Nordrhein [ Germany]. Pales bellierella Robineau­Desvoidy, 1863: 519 . Type locality: M. Bellier de la Chavignerie [ France]. Established by Herting (1990: 2).

Phorocera cilipeda Rondani, 1859: 162 , 167. Type locality: “agro parmensi” [Parma, Italy]. Recently established by Cerretti, (2004: 231).

Pales opulenta Herting, 1980: 2 . Type locality: Kaiserstuhl [SW Germany]. Established by Herting (1990: 2).

Type material. Holotype ɗ of Pales opulenta: Kaiserstuhl / Badberg / 14.6.73 // Sammlung / Herting // Type // Pales opulenta n. sp. [handwritten] / B. Herting det. / Type [ SMNS]. Lectotype ɗ of Phorocera cilipeda : 599 // Lectotypus / Phorocera / cilipeda Rondani / des. P. Cerretti 2002 // Pales / processioneae Rondani / P. Cerretti det. 2002 [MZF] (Cerretti 2004: 231).

Additional material. EUROPE: FRANCE — ex rearing of Galleria mellonella from Germany, Niedersachsen, originally from the host Thaumetopoea processionea from France, Pa Huang leg., 4 ɗɗ, 4 ΨΨ ( SMNS). GERMANY — Baden­Württemberg, Bietigheim, Forst, VIII.1992, Herting leg., 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Bietigheim, ex Thaumetopoea processionea eclosed 8.VIII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, eclosed 10–12.VII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 12 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, eclosed 13.VII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 11 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, eclosed 14.VII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 23 ɗɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, eclosed 15.VII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 7 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, eclosed 16.VII.1993, Tschorsnig leg., 10 ɗɗ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Grissheim, 30.VII.1988, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ɗɗ, 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Häfnerhaslach, 13.VIII.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 31.VIII.1991, Tschorsnig leg., 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Illingen, 30.VII.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 3 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 3.VIII.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ ( SMNS); ditto, 6.VIII.1995, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ ( SMNS); ditto, 7.VII.1997, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Kleinsachsenheim, 11.VII.1996, Tschorsnig leg., 15 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 1.VIII.1996, Tschorsnig leg., 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Oberstenfeld, VI.1988, Schmierer leg., ex Thaumetopoea processionea , 15 ɗɗ, 5 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 25.VII.1990, Schmierer leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 27.V.1990, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Seelenhof, 26.VII.1992, 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Stromberg Häfnerhaslach, 29.V.1991, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 26.VII.1992, Tschorsnig leg. 1 ɗ, 5 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 6.IX.1993, Tschorsnig leg. 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 11.VII.1996, Tschorsnig leg. 5 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 1.VIII.1996, Tschorsnig leg. 1 Ψ ( SMNS); ditto, 5.IX.1996, Tschorsnig leg. 7 ΨΨ ( SMNS); ditto, 7.VII.1997, Tschorsnig leg. 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Bayern, Kaiserstuhl, 16.VI.1973, Herting leg., 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 29.V.1975, Herting leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 25.VII.1975, Herting leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 31.VIII.1977, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 10.VIII.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Baden­Württemberg, Stuttgart Feuerbach, D. Bartsch leg., e.o 2.IV.1992, IX.1994, ex Hoplodrina respersa Lep. Noctuidae , 1 Ψ with puparium ( SMNS); ditto, D. Bartsch leg., I. 1997, ex Noctua janthina Lep. Noctuidae , 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS). Bayern, Kaiserstuhl, Badberg, 16.VI.1973, 3 ɗɗ ( SMNS). Bayern, Kaiserstuhl, Staffelberg, 20.VIII.1975, 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Rheinland­Pfalz, Bienwald, 16.VIII.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). ITALY (mainland) — Piemonte, Torino­ Venaria, Mandria, ex larva Thaumetopoea processionea , 15.VII.1951, G. Della Beffa leg., 3 ɗɗ, 9 ΨΨ (MVR). Toscana, Firenze prov., Passo Carnevale, 1.VIII.1976, 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 5.VIII.1976, 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 11.VIII.1976, 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 12.VIII.1976, 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Toscana, Firenze prov., Passo Sambuca 1080 m, 20.VIII.1978, 1 ɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Toscana, Firenze prov., Valico Paretaio 950 m, 27.VIII.1978, 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS). Toscana, Firenze prov., Palazzuolo sul Senio 400 m, 5.VIII.1977, 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Toscana, Firenze prov., Palazzuolo sul Senio, VIII.1982, Campadelli leg., 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS). MACE­ DONIA — Lake Prespa, Oteshevo, 2027. VI. 1958, R. L. Coe leg., 2 ɗɗ ( BMNH). NETHERLANDS — N.B., Bergeyk e.p. 1.VIII.1997, ex Thaumetopoea processionea, C. J. Zwakhals leg. 1 Ψ ( MHNG). N.B., Eindoven, Vliegveld, 5.VIII.1997, ex Thaumetopoea processionea, C. J. Zwakhals leg. 1 Ψ ( MHNG). N.B., Oostelbeers, coll. 25.VII.1996, H. Stigter leg., 1 ɗ ( MHNG). SPAIN — Cadiz prov., Vent. L. Canillas Hozgarganta­Tal b. Jimena 250 m, 14.IV.1985, W. Schacht leg., 1 Ψ ( SMNS). Cáceres prov., Guadalupe, 2.VI.1987, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Jaén prov., Cazorla, 8.V.1988, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 3.VI.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 4.VI.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 5.VI.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 3 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Jaén prov., Cuevas Bermejas, ex larva of Noctua fimbriata (caught: 29.III.1995) on Daphne laureola , pupated: 1.V.1995, eclosed: 14.VI.1995, C. Alonso leg., 1 ɗ (with puparium) ( SMNS). Jaén prov., Rio Segura, 3.V.1988, Tschorsnig leg., 2 ɗɗ ( SMNS). Llerida prov., Vall d’Aran, Arties, 29.V.1992, Tschorsnig leg., 8 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Salamanca prov., Ciutad Rodrigo, 23.VI.1982, 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Salamanca prov., Fuentes de Oñoro, 11.VI.1983, Tschorsnig leg. 5 ɗɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( SMNS). Salamanca prov., Villar de Ciervo, 19.V.1988, leg. 1 ɗ ( SMNS); ditto, 30.V.1989, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Salamanca prov., Villar de Ciervo, La Navizuela, 3.VI.2003, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). Salamanca prov., Villasrubias, 5.VI.1987, Tschorsnig leg., 1 ɗ ( SMNS). SWITZERLAND — Genève, Champel, Coll Buess, 2 ɗɗ ( MHNG). Genève, Coll. Buess, 1 Ψ ( MHNG). Genève, ecl. 12.VIII.45, 1 ɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( MHNG); ditto, 13.VII.45, 7 ɗɗ, 1 Ψ ( MHNG); ditto, 14.VII.45, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ ( MHNG); ditto, 16.VII.45, 11 ɗɗ, 4 ΨΨ ( MHNG); ditto, 17.VII.45, 2 ɗɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( MHNG); ditto, 18.VII.45, 2 ɗɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( MHNG); ditto, 19.VII.45, 3 ɗɗ ( MHNG). Genève, ecl. 16.VII.45, Ex. Cnethoc. processionea Meinier, 1 ɗ ( MHNG); ditto, 17.VII.45, 2 ɗɗ, 2 ΨΨ ( MHNG); ditto, 18.VII.45, 1 ɗ ( MHNG); ditto, 19.VII.45, 1 Ψ ( MNHG). Genève 510 m, Bernex­ Signal, 4.V.2003, B. Merz leg., 1 ɗ ( MHNG). Genève, Vandoeuvres, VII. 1971, ex Thaumetopoea processionea, Cl. Besuchet leg., 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ ( MHNG). ASIA: TURKEY — Kirklareli Tamer Öymen ex Lymantria dispar , 1 ɗ (only terminalia) ( SMNS) (cf. Herting 1980, 1990).

Diagnosis. Thorax (except scutellum) black in ground colour; scutellum red on posterior 1/3 or more (rarely less). Abdomen black in ground colour (sides of tergites 3 and 4 usually reddish) with blue reflections, covered with more or less weak microtrichosity. Tibiae usually uniformly brown, or partially yellow or yellowish. Height of facial ridge 0.95–1.07 times as long as frons. ɗ: postpedicel 3.0–3.7 times as long as pedicel; lateral vertical seta weak, not or slightly differentiated from the postocular setulae; frons 0.63– 0.75 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view; claws and pulvilli at least as long as tarsomere 5 (fore claws longer than tarsomere 5); cerci broad and relatively short in posterior view not convex basally and not bent posteriorly in lateral view ( Figs 24, 25 );. Ψ: postpedicel about 2.4–2.9 times as long as pedicel; lateral vertical seta strong, well differentiated from the postocular row; frons 0.81–0.95 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view.

Distribution. Central and southern Europe (cf. Tschorsnig et al. 2004) and Turkey.

Hosts. Lepidoptera : a constant and common parasitoid of Thaumetopoea processionea (Linnaeus) (Notodontidae) , although data concerning other species are available: Thaumetopoea ispartaensis Doğanlar & Avc ₁ ( Notodontidae ) (Avc₁ & Kara 2002); Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus) (Lymantriidae) ; Hoplodrina respersa (Denis & Schiffermüller) , Noctua fimbriata (Schreber) , N. janthina (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Noctuidae) ; Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Pyralidae) .

Figures

FIGURES 20 – 26. Male terminalia, scale bar 0.5 mm. 20 – 23. Pales pavida (Meigen). 20. (Italy, Latium), cerci and surstyli in posterior view. 21. Cerci and right surstylus in right lateral view (Germany, Baden­Württemberg). 22. (Germany, Baden­Württemberg), cerci and surstyli in posterior view. 23. (Italy, Latium), epandrial complex in lateral view. 24 – 25. Pales processioneae (Ratzeburg) (Germany, Baden­Württemberg). 24. Cerci and surstyli in posterior view. 25. Epandrial complex in right lateral view. 26. Pales latifrons Kugler (Israel), cerci and surstyli in posterior view.