Leucothoe bonelliae Shimomura, Hirabayashi & Goto, 2024
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad103 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7F78BDE9-9589-4878-94EB-852F88C8B4C9 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240835 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D47D1F-0F0A-FFF0-FCDB-EABCFA22F93C |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Leucothoe bonelliae Shimomura, Hirabayashi & Goto |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Leucothoe bonelliae Shimomura, Hirabayashi & Goto , sp. nov.
(New Japanese Name: Bonelli-no-Maruhasami-Yokoebi)
( Figs 4C, D View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 14–19 View Figure 14 View Figure 15 View Figure 16 View Figure 17 View Figure 18 View Figure 19 )
Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C7A2CCDE-9864-4CB7-9C03-BBFB0EF1C82D .
Material examined: Holotype, male, 5.4 mm ( SMBL-V0661 ), Sabiura, Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, obtained from Bo. sp. aff. minor , collected by I. Hirabayashi, 6 June 2020.
Paratypes, 1 ovigerous female, 5.1 mm ( SMBL-V0662 ) , 1 male, 4.5 mm ( SMBL-V0663 ), 1 ovigerous female, 4.1 mm ( SMBL-V0664 ) , 1 male, 5.3 mm ( SMBL-V0665 ), 1 ovigerous female, 4.6 mm ( SMBL-V0666 ) , 1 female, 4.3mm ( SMBL-V0667 ), 1 non-ovigerous female, 4.0 mm ( SMBL-V0668 ) , 1 juvenile (sex unknown), 2.6 mm ( SMBL-V0669 ), collection data as for holotype .
Diagnosis: Eyes small, not reaching to anterior end of coxa 1. Article 2 of mandibular palp 2 with 9 setae. Lacinia mobilis of right mandible with dentate surface. Epistome of upper lip with marginal setae. Coxa 1 with 2 setae. Palm of propodus with 3 or 4 distal robust setae. Carpus of gnathopod 2 distally truncate, expanded; propodus mediofacial setal row displaced below midline. Bases of pereopods 5–7 posteriorly tapered. Epimeron 1 without setae. Telson apex moderately blunt, dorsally with 2 pairs of plumose setae.
Description of the holotype male: Head ( Fig. 14A View Figure 14 ). Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, anteroventral margin subquadrate, ventral margin straight. Eyes ( Fig. 14A View Figure 14 ) with more than 30 ommatidia, round. Epimerons 1–3 ( Fig. 14A, B View Figure 14 ) bare, posteriorly pointed. Telson ( Fig. 14C, D View Figure 14 ) 2.4 times as long as maximum width, with 2 setae subapically; apex moderately blunt.
Antenna 1 ( Fig. 14A, E View Figure 14 ) 0.2 times as long as body length: flagellum 6-articulate, each with 1 aesthetascs; peduncle article 1 1.8 times as wide as article 2; accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 14A, F View Figure 14 ) 0.2 times as long as body length, subequal in length with antenna 1; flagellum 3-articulate.
Upper lip ( Fig. 15A View Figure 15 ) asymmetrically lobate; anterior margin setose; epistome with marginal setae.
Left mandible ( Fig. 15B View Figure 15 ) with 18 raker spines: incisor strongly dentate; palp ratio of articles 1–3 1.0: 2.4: 1.0; article 3 with 2 distal setae; lacinia mobilis large, strongly toothed. Right mandible ( Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ) with 15 raker spines; incisor strongly dentate; lacinia mobilis small, with dentate surface.
Lower lip ( Fig. 15F View Figure 15 ) inner lobes fused, with facial setae; outer lobes with moderate gape; anterior margin setose.
Maxilla 1 ( Fig. 15D View Figure 15 ): palp 2-articulate with 4 distal setae; outer plate with 7 distal robust setae and 4 distal slender setae. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 15E View Figure 15 ): inner plate with 7 robust distal setae and many fine marginal setae; outer plate with 3 robust distal setae, 1 slender distal setae and many fine setae.
Maxilliped ( Fig. 15G View Figure 15 ): inner plate with 1 long and 1 short robust setae distally; distal margin with v-shaped indentation; inner margin of outer plate smooth, reaching half of palp article 1, distally with 2 short robust setae; article 4 of palp shorter than article 3.
Coxae 1–4 ( Fig. 14A View Figure 14 ) relative width 1.0: 1.3: 0.9: 1.3. Gnathopod 1 ( Figs 14A View Figure 14 , 16A View Figure 16 ): coxa smooth, with 2 long, medial facial setae and some tiny marginal setae: anterolateral margin produced, subquadrate; distal margin straight; posterior margin excavate; basis proximally winded; anterior margin with 7 short setae; posterior margin bare; ischium bare; merus with 1 long and 1 short setae distally; carpus linear, 3.3 times as long as wide; proximal margin dentate; distal margin with 3 short setae; propodus straight; palm dentate, with 4 distal robust setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.25 of propodus length. Gnathopod 2 ( Figs 14A View Figure 14 , 17A, B View Figure 17 ): coxa smooth, with some tiny marginal setae, without facial setae, broader than long, subequal to coxa 4, anterodistally rounded; distal margin straight; posterior margin weakly excavate; basis proximally winded, without anterodistal tubercles; anterior margin 9 short and long setae; posterior margin with 1 short distal seta; ischium with 1 anterior, 1 posteriordistal and 2 mediodistal setae; merus with 9 mediodistal setae; carpus half of propodus length, curved, distally with excavation, expanded; anterior margin dentate; propodus with mediofacial setal row displaced below midline; posterior margin smooth; palm convex, with 4 major tubercles; dactylus curved; proximal margin smooth, bare; anterior margin distally, subacute, reaching 0.6 of propodus length. Pereopod 3 ( Figs 14A View Figure 14 , 18A View Figure 18 ): coxa 1.3 times as long as wide, without facial setae; anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2, extending below it, smooth, with tiny marginal setae; anterior margin convex; distal margin oblique; posterior margin straight; basis with tiny marginal setae; ischium with 1 posterior distal seta; merus 3.7 times as long as ischium; carpus 0.6 times as long as merus; propodus with 4 robust setae posteriorly; dactylus curved. Pereopod 4 ( Figs 14A View Figure 14 , 18B View Figure 18 ) without facial setae: coxa with tiny marginal setae; anterior margin produced; distal margin evenly rounded; posterior margin excavate; basis–dactylus similar to ones of pereopod 3 in shape. Pereopods 5–7 ( Figs 14A, B View Figure 14 , 18C–E View Figure 18 ): coxae without facial setae; bases posteriorly tapered; width length rations 1: 1.2, 1: 1.2, 1: 1.3; posterior margins smooth, setose; bases–dactyli similar in shape.
Pleopods 1–3 ( Fig. 19A–C View Figure 19 ) relative lengths 1.0: 1.0: 0.9. Pleopods1 and 2 ( Fig.19A,B View Figure 19 ) with2 coupling hooks mediodistally, respectively; pleopod 3 ( Fig. 19C View Figure 19 ) without coupling hooks.
Uropods 1–3 ( Fig. 19D–F View Figure 19 ) relative lengths 1.0: 0.8: 0.9. Uropod 1 ( Fig. 19D View Figure 19 ): peduncle 1.1 times as long as outer ramus, with 8 robust setae; inner ramus with 3 robust setae; outer ramus with 4 robust setae. Uropod 2 ( Fig. 19E View Figure 19 ): peduncle 1.2 times as long as inner ramus, with 2 robust setae; outer ramus 0.8 times as long as inner ramus; inner ramus with 1 robust seta; outer ramus with 2 robust setae. Uropod 3 ( Fig. 19F View Figure 19 ): peduncle 1.9 times as long as inner ramus, with 2 robust setae; outer ramus 0.9 times as long as inner ramus; inner and outer rami each with 2 robust setae.
Description of the paratype female (SMBL-V0662)
Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ): anterior margin of basis with 5 short seta; distal margin of carpus 3 short setae; palm of propodus with 4 robust setae distally. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 17C, D View Figure 17 ): anterior margin with 6 short and 3 long setae; distal end of carpus without excavation; palm of propodus with smaller tubercles.
Variation: Some variation was recognized in the number of setae on gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ) and telson; palm of propodus of gnathopod 1 with 3 or 4 robust setae distally; apex of telson with 2 or 3 setae.
Colour in life: Body has a light brown ‘saddleback’ colour pattern with a deep red dot on coxa 4. Anterior body white. A pair of small orangish dots present laterally on pereon 1, 2 and dorsally on pereon 2, 3, 4. Eyes bright pink. Antenna 1 reddish brown with a distal white band on peduncular article 2. Antenna 2 reddish brown with a distal white band on peduncular article 4, but small specimens lack bands on antenna 2.
Etymology: The new species is named after its commensal association with the spoon worm Bonellia .
Remarks: Leucothoe bonelliae is close to Leucothoe vulgaris from Okinawa, Amami-Oshima and Yakushima Islands, Japan, with which it shares a setose epistome, an antenna 1 lacking an accessory flagellum, coxae 1–7 without facial setae, a dentate posterior margin of gnathopod 1, 4 tubercles on palm of propodus of gnathopod 2, a dentate surface on right mandible and a body with a ‘saddleback’ colour pattern. Leucothoe bonelliae is distinguished from L. vulgaris by the following features (those of L. vulgaris in parentheses): eyes small, not reaching to anterior margin of coxa 1 (large, reaching to anterior margin of coxa 1); telson dorsally with 2 pairs of plumose setae (without setae); apex of telson moderately blunt (strongly pointed); palm of gnathopod 1 propodus with 3 or 4 distal robust setae (6 setae); article 2 of mandibular palp with 9 setae (15 setae); antennae reddish brown with a distal white band (yellow without band); and a ‘saddleback’ colour pattern to the body of light brown (red); and small orangish dots present on pereon 1–4 present (absent).
In our phylogenetic analysis, L. bonelliae is most closely related to L. vermicola ( Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ), which was recently described by Kodama et al. (2022) as a new species closely related to L. vulgaris . However, L. bonelliae and L. vermicola are clearly separated both by nuclear and mitochondrial genes (see Results). In addition, L. bonelliae is distinguished from L. vermicola by the following features (those of L. vermicola in parentheses): maxilla 1 palp with two distinct (one article with indistinct transverse line); telson dorsally with 2 pairs of plumose setae (several short simple setae); antennae reddish brown (red); ‘saddleback’ colour pattern of body light brown (reddish purple); and a white snowflake colour pattern covering the body absent (present).
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