Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew, 1989

Leblanc, Luc, 2022, The dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Oceania, Insecta Mundi 2022 (948), pp. 1-167 : 142

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew, 1989

Vanuatu fruit fly

(= Dacus triseriatus Drew, 1971 , Bactrocera distotriseriata Hardy, 1989b )

Figures 80 , 81

Distribution ( Fig. 112 ). New Caledonia (Maré, Lifou). Vanuatu (Torres Islands, Banks Islands, Santo, Malekula, Ambae, Maewo, Pentecost, Ambrym, Epi-Paama-Tongoa, Efate, Erromanga, Tanna, Aneityum).

Male lure. Cue-lure.

Host plants. Category B polyphagous fruit pest ( Vargas et al. 2015) bred in Vanuatu from 31 host species in 17 families. ANACARDIACEAE : Anacardium occidentale , Mangifera indica , Semecarpus vitiensis , Spondias dulcis . ANNONACEAE : Annona muricata . APOCYNACEAE : Ochrosia oppositifolia . CARICACEAE : Carica papaya . COMBRETACEAE : Terminalia catappa , T. sepicana . FABACEAE : Inocarpus fagifer . LAURACEAE : Persea americana . MELIACEAE : Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum . MORACEAE : Artocarpus altilis , Ficus aspera . MUSACEAE : Musa sp. MYRTACEAE : Eugenia uniflora , Psidium guajava , Syzygium clusiifolium , S. jambos , S. malaccense . OXALIDACEAE : Averrhoa carambola . RUBIACEAE : Guettarda speciosa . RUTACEAE : Citrus japonica , C. limon , C. maxima , C. reticulata , C. sinensis . SANTALACEAE : Santalum austrocaledonicum . SAPINDACEAE : Pometia pinnata . SAPOTACEAE : Burckella obovata , Planchonella grayana .

Edible hosts common names. Avocado, banana, breadfruit, cashew, common guava, Jew plum, kumquat, lemon, Malay-apple, mango, orange, Pacific lychee, papaya, pomelo, rose-apple, soursop, starfruit, Surinam cherry, Tahitian chestnut, tangerine, tropical almond.

Biology. Adults start mating 11 days after emergence, and mate between late morning and early afternoon at the peak of light intensity (Allwood 1997). The life cycle is completed in approximately 21–22 days at 25 °C on artificial diet (Allwood et al. 1997). Populations peak in January–February and April–May, which coincides with the fruiting seasons of mangoes and guavas, respectively (Allwood et al. 1997). Monthly trapping data illustrated on Figure 128 .

Notes. This species was detected in New Caledonia, on Maré Island in 1993 and Lifou Island in 2000 ( Mille 2008). Species identity was further confirmed by genetic analysis on specimens collected by the author on Maré in 2019 ( Doorenweerd et al. 2022). This species is a member of the B. frauenfeldi complex.

Figures

Figure 80. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view.

Figure 81. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) trilineola Drew. Intraspecific variation in abdomen coloration.

Figure 112. Distribution and invasion history of polyphagous pest fruit flies in the Bactrocera frauenfeldi complex in Oceania: Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner), B. trilineola Drew, B. psidii (Froggatt), and B. kirki (Froggatt). Photos from Steve Wilson.

Figure 128. Mean (±SE) daily captures of Bactrocera trilineola Drew in cue-lure traps maintained in Vanuatu (Efate Island) between January 1996 and September 1997, based on 10 trapping sites (n = 179, mean FTD = 101.21).