Clusiaceae

Cabral, Fernanda Nunes, Bittrich, Volker & Hopkins, Michael John Gilbert, 2017, Clusiaceae s. l. (Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s. s. and Hypericaceae) in the Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil, Phytotaxa 329 (1), pp. 1-27 : 3-4

Key to the species of Clusiaceae s.l. in the VNP

1. Leaves alternate..................................................................................................................................................................................2

– Leaves opposite..................................................................................................................................................................................3

2. Shrubs up to 70 cm tall; leaf base cordate; secondary veins 11–19 pairs; flowers 4.0– 4.5 cm wide; calyx light brown; pedicel and peduncle tomentose; fruit 1.7–2.6 cm long .......................................................................................................... Caraipa caespitosa

– Small trees or trees up to 3 m; leaf base acute to obtuse; secondary veins 5–12 pairs; flowers 1–1.2 cm wide; calyx green; pedicel and peduncle glabrous; fruit 0.7–1.1 cm long .................................................................................................... Caraipa savannarum

3. Leaves with secondary veins extremely dense (20–36 veins/cm); ovary 1-locular, 1-ovule ....................... Calophyllum brasiliense

– Leaves with secondary veins sparse (5–76 pairs of veins/leaf); ovary multilocular, 1 to many ovules.............................................4

4. Lateral branches with long basal internode; mature bud enclosed by outer sepals; endocarp bright red..........................................5

– Lateral branches with short basal internode; mature bud not enclosed by outer sepals; endocarp brown to cream..........................6

5. Internodes short, distal ones up to 5.5 cm long; midvein prominent on the abaxial surface and impressed or flat on the adaxial surface; petiole 21–44 mm long .......................................................................................................................... Tovomita spruceana

– Internodes long, distal ones up to 10 cm long; midvein prominent on both surfaces; petiole 7–20 mm long..... Tovomita umbellata

6. Leaves sessile, leaf blade with large basal adaxial margined pits; fruit a coriaceous berry............................ Garcinia albuquerquei

– Leaves petiolated, leaf blade with small basal adaxial margined pits; fruit a capsule or a berry.......................................................7

7. Flowers bisexual; petal aestivation contorted; fruit a berry...............................................................................................................8

– Flowers unisexual; petal aestivation quincuncial; fruit a capsule....................................................................................................14

8. Shrubs or small trees; exudate brightly colored drying reddish on exposure; lamina tomentose on most species with conspicuous dark glands; secondary veins 8–31 pairs, distant 3.8–20 mm ............................................................................................................9

– Trees; exudate yellow or cream not drying reddish on exposure; lamina glabrous without conspicuous dark glands; secondary veins 34–76 pairs, distant 1–2 mm ............................................................................................................................................................13

9. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces, 5.9–9.0 cm long; calyx yellowish green................................................... Vismia cayennensis

– Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, abaxially rusty to brown tomentose, 5.9–42 cm long; calyx whitish, green or brown...................10

10. Leaf blade 10–42 cm long, base cordate to rounded; secondary veins 12–31 pairs ............................................ Vismia macrophylla

– Leaf blade 5.9–15.8 cm long, base acute, cuneate, obtuse to rounded; secondary veins 8–15 pairs...............................................11

11. Fascicles of stamens persistent in fruit................................................................................................................................ Vismia sp.

– Fascicles of stamens deciduous in fruit............................................................................................................................................12

12. Petals 12–15 mm long, deciduous; sepals rigidly coriaceous; fruit 1.0– 1.7 cm long ............................................. Vismia japurensis

– Petals 8.0– 10 mm long, persistent; sepals fleshy; fruit 0.8–0.9 cm long ................................................................... Vismia laxiflora

13. Leaf blades 5.1–10 × 2.4–3.7 cm; flowers axillary cymes; stamens forming a staminal tube surrounding the gynoecium, 3 stamens each per fascicle; petals scarlet, shorter than 15 mm long .............................................................................. Symphonia globulifera

– Leaf blades 6.9–11.7 × 3.7–7.8 cm; flowers solitary; stamens not forming a staminal tube, ca. 100 stamens per fascicle; petals peach colored, longer than 35 mm ........................................................................................................................... Platonia insignis

14. Tertiary veins conspicuous; lamina 16–24 cm long; staminate flowers with pistillode and pistillate flowers with 5 stigmas............ ............................................................................................................................................................................. Clusia candelabrum

– Tertiary veins inconspicuous; lamina 3.5–17 cm long; staminate flowers without pistillode and pistillate flowers with more than 5 stigmas..............................................................................................................................................................................................15

15. Exudate channels in the lamina inconspicuous................................................................................................................................16

– Exudate channels in lamina conspicuous, at least on one surface....................................................................................................17

16. Lamina (5–)5.6–12(–13) long; bracts early deciduous; corolla inside white with red center; petals 9–13 mm long; number of stigmas 4–5(–6) .................................................................................................................................................. Clusia renggerioides

– Lamina 13–25 cm long; bracts persistent; corolla inside dark red to vinaceous; petals 40–60 mm long; number of stigmas 15–21. ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Clusia insignis

17. Corolla persistent in fruit, white-pinkish at apex; stigmas divergent; anthers annular, opening by a transversal slit.... Clusia lopezii

– Corolla deciduous in fruit, white-reddish, with pink or dark purple center; stigmas parallel; anthers not annular, opening with apical, transverse or longitudinal slits..............................................................................................................................................18

18. Corolla internally white-red, with pink or white center; staminodes 5–6 mm long; stamens free; fruit 2.2–4.0 cm long, 6–8 seeds per locule ................................................................................................................................................................... Clusia nemorosa

– Corolla internally white-red, with pink or dark purple center or colored for most of its surface; staminodes 1.3–1.9 mm long; stamens densely grouped in a flat circular or obtusely 5–angular disk; fruit 1–2 cm long, 1–5 seeds per locule...........................19

19. Exudate channels on abaxial surface of leaf blades 1.2–3.0 mm distant; corolla white, violet-red or red, bracts and sepals white-pinkish; staminate flower with androecium in a flat circular disk with 8–9 mm wide, anthers present on lateral side of the disk..... .............................................................................................................................................................................. Clusia microstemon

– Exudate channels on abaxial surface of leaf blades 0.3–0.7 mm distant; corolla dark or blood red, bracts and sepals green; staminate flower with androecium in a flat circular disk-like with 3–6 mm wide, anthers absent on the lateral sides of the disk...................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Clusia nitida