Clusia renggerioides Planchon & Triana (1860: 350)

Cabral, Fernanda Nunes, Bittrich, Volker & Hopkins, Michael John Gilbert, 2017, Clusiaceae s. l. (Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s. s. and Hypericaceae) in the Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazil, Phytotaxa 329 (1), pp. 1-27 : 13-15

3.7 Clusia renggerioides Planchon & Triana (1860: 350) ( Fig. 5A–C )

Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. October 1852 - January 1853, fl., Spruce 2895 (lectotype: P, barcode 01901175, isolectotypes: BM, barcodes 001191242, 001191243, C, barcode 10009458, E, barcode 00326696, G, barcodes 00355311, 00355312, GH, barcode 00026871, K, barcodes 000487423, 001229779, LD, barcode 1029125, MPU, barcode 014316, NY, barcodes 00084759, 00380931, P, barcode 01901176).

Trees, shrubs or small trees up to 15 m. Exudate white, cream, yellow-orange, sometimes dark brown. Lamina chartaceous to coriaceous, elliptical to oblong, (5–)5.6–12(–13) × (2–) 2.1–4.4 cm, apex rounded to obtuse, base acute and cuneate; exudate channels inconspicuous; secondary veins conspicuous on both surfaces, 23–60 pairs, distant ca. 1.5 mm; petiole 8–22 mm long. Inflorescence: staminate plants with clustered or solitary flowers; pistillate plants with clustered flowers; pedicels 1.0– 1.3 cm long. Sepals 4–8, 3.4–8 × 5.5–10 mm, green. Petals 5, (7.6–)9–13.3 × 9–12.5 mm, red-pinkish and white with red center adaxially, white abaxially. Staminate flowers with or without pistillode. Staminate flowers with pistillode: fertile stamens 7–8, arranged in series around the pistillode, pistillode 4.6–7.3 mm long, stigma 2.3–3.1 mm long. Staminate flowers without pistillode: fertile stamens 21–39, densely clustered, forming a pentagonal and flat androecium, 4.5–5.4 mm wide; pollen mixed with resin. Pistillate flowers with 7–9 resiniferous staminodes, 1.7–2.4 × 2.0– 2.7 mm, with horizontal antherodes at the apex; stigma (4–)5, 2–3 mm long, surface with acute papilla or short trichomes. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.5–2(–3.1) × 1.4–1.9 cm; stigma persistent. Seeds in two rows per locule, with red aril.

Phenology:—Flowering November to January; fruiting November to January and July.

Distribution and habitat:— Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. In Brazil, it occurs in the north region (states of Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima), and in the central-west region (state of Mato Grosso). In VNP, in white-sand vegetation and river margins.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Roraima: Caracaraí, Viruá National Park , elevation 67 m, 1º28’04’’N, 61º00’28’’W, 27 November 2009, fr., Cabral et al. 34 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , elevation 77 m, 1º28’11’’N, 60º58’20’’W, 1 December 2009, fl., Cabral et al. 74 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , elevation 69 m, 1º48’45’’N, 61º02’07”W, 21 January 2010, fl., Cabral et al. 150 ( INPA) ; Ibid. , 22 July 2010, fr., Cabral et al. 266 ( INPA) .

Additional specimens:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Bararati, PARES Sucunduri, 26 June 2006, fl., Zartman et al. 5771 (INPA).

Taxonomic notes:— Clusia renggerioides is distinguishable from the other species of Clusia in VNP for not having exudate channels visible on the lamina. Moreover, its bracts are early deciduous, the calyx and the staminodes are not persistent, the stigma has acute papilla and the endocarp of the valves becomes very hard, showing transversal sulci, sometimes also visible on the pericarp of dried sub-mature fruits.

4 Garcinia Linnaeus (1753: 443) .

Type: Garcinia mangostana Linnaeus (1753: 443) .

= Rheedia Linnaeus (1753: 1193) .

= Verticillaria Ruiz & Pavon (1794: 81) .

= Chloromyron Persoon (1807: 73) .

= Lamprophyllum Miers (1855: 338) .

Trees or shrubs; exudate yellow or cream. Leaves opposite or whorled; exudate channels conspicuous; petiole bases usually strongly excavated. Inflorescence in axillary fascicles sometimes appearing after leaves have fallen (“cauliflorous”). Flowers bisexual and/or unisexual; sepals 2–4(–5); petals 2–4(–6), imbricate or decussate. Staminate flowers with numerous stamens. Bisexual flowers with fewer stamens, pedicels thicker than in the staminate flowers. Stamens free or united, connate forming a central mass. Ovary 3(–2–1)-locular, often absent from staminate flowers, ovule 1 per locule, style short or lacking, stigma expanded. Fruit a berry, mostly 1-locular, epicarp coriaceous. Seeds 1–3, cylindrical.

Pantropical; with ca. 240 species ( Kearns 1998a, Stevens 2001, onwards) and five species in Brazil ( BFG 2015).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Clusia renggerioides (A. Habit; B. Pistillate flower; C. Staminate flower), D. Platonia insignis (D. Habit; E. Flower) and Symphonia globulifera (F. Habit; G. Flower).