Dupliciporia Reimer, 1985

Bray, Rodney A. & Justine, Jean-Lou, 2008, Dupliciporia lanterna n. sp. (Digenea: Zoogonidae) from Priacanthus hamrur (Perciformes: Priacanthidae) and additional zoogonids parasitizing fishes from the waters off New Caledonia, Zootaxa 1707, pp. 60-68 : 61-62

Genus Dupliciporia Reimer, 1985

Synonyms: Parasteganoderma Machida & Araki, 1990 ; Liliaoralis Korotaeva, 1994 . Type-species: Dupliciporia haeckeli Reimer, 1985 .

Diagnosis: Body fusiform, widest in hindbody or elongate narrow. Tegument spinous. Oral sucker infundibuliform, with 4-8 anteriorly-directed lobes. Small pore may occur on body-surface dorsal to oral sucker, opens into gap dorsal to dorsal lobe of oral sucker. Ventral sucker transversely elongate, divided longitudinally by internal muscular ridge, in anterior half or middle of body. Prepharynx short, absent or long. Pharynx subglobular. Oesophagus long. Intestinal bifurcation in posterior forebody. Caeca reach testes. Testes oval, oblique, symmetrical or tandem in anterior or mid-hindbody. Cirrus-sac claviform, large, transverse, often curved. Internal seminal vesicle broadly tubular, undulating. Pars prostatica vesicular. Ejaculatory duct long or short, straight. Genital pore sinistro-lateral, just postbifurcal or bifurcal. Ovary oval, pretesticular, close to ventral sucker. Uterus fills much of hind-body, mainly post-testicular. Eggs elliptical; shell usually with two raised bands. Metraterm ensheathed by gland-cells. Vitellarium two small lateral fields of 9-10 follicles, pretesticular, in hindbody. Excretory vesicle not reaching testes; pore terminal. In marine teleosts; Indo-West Pacific region.

Remarks. Dupliciporia Reimer, 1985 was erected for D. haeckeli Reimer, 1985 from the Japanese bigeye Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier, 1829) (as Pseudopriacanthus niphonicus [Cuvier, 1829]) ( Priacanthidae ) from the Indian Ocean off Mozambique ( Reimer 1985). Reimer described a separate female pore near the midline on the dorsal surface. Bray (1987) examined the type- and only specimen and considered this feature to be an anomaly, an artefact or a misinterpretation. Thanks to the kindness of Professor Reimer, we have re-examined this specimen and consider that the female system is of the normal configuration. In addition, we have detected a longitudinal muscular ridge or septum in the ventral sucker, rather than the transverse one described. A hint of this longitudinal septum can be seen in Figure 1 of Reimer (1985). Bray (1987) considered this species a synonym of Neosteganoderma infundibulum ( Kamegai, 1973) from the glasseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801) (as Priacanthus boops [Forster, 1801]) ( Priacanthidae ) ( Kamegai 1973), having examined the heavily flattened specimens of the latter species. Drs Araki and Machida (pers. comm.) have kindly re-examined the type specimens of Proctophantastes infundibulum Kamegai, 1973 (as it should now be known – see Brooks & McLennan 1993; Bray in press; Mouahid et al. 2008) and could detect neither a vertical nor a horizontal division of the ventral sucker. In neither D. haeckeli nor P. infundibulum could any ornamentation of the eggs be seen. The oral sucker in D. haeckeli is somewhat contracted, but is infundibuliform with withdrawn lobes. We think that Dupliciporia is, therefore, the oldest available name for the lepidophylline genus characterised by a longitudinally divided ventral sucker and an infundibuliform, lobed oral sucker, predating Parasteganoderma Machida & Araki, 1990 .

Parasteganoderma was erected for the type-species P. cephaloporum Machida & Araki, 1990 from the deepbody boarfish Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843 (Caproidae) from deep-waters off the Pacific coast of southern Japan ( Machida & Araki 1990). The genus was characterised particularly by the funnel-shaped oral sucker with seven lobes, the muscular ridge running longitudinally down the centre of the ventral sucker and the two bands of egg-shell material around the egg. This species now becomes Dupliciporia cephaloporum ( Machida & Araki, 1990) n. comb.

Korotaeva (1994) erected the genus Liliaoralis Korotaeva, 1994 for L. cataluphi Korotaeva, 1994 from two priacanthid fishes: the red bigeye Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier, 1829 and the purple-spotted bigeye P. tayenus Richardson, 1846 from the South China Sea off Vietnam. It has an infundibulum oral sucker with eight lobes and bands of egg-shell around the egg. There is no evidence in the illustration or text of a division in the ventral sucker. Nevertheless, we judge the worm similar enough to Dupliciporia and Parasteganoderma for them to be considered congeners forming the new combination Dupliciporia cataluphi ( Korotaeva, 1994) n. comb.

El-Labadi et al. (2006) reported Parasteganoderma sp. from Pristigenys niphonia from the Gulf of Aqaba, finding it in all three specimens sampled. One specimen was donated to the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH 2005.4.13.40) and is illustrated here ( Figure 6 ). It has all the main characteristics of the genus, and may represent a new species (see below). Dupliciporia haeckeli was described from the same host species.

Machida et al. (2006) described Neosteganoderma physiculi Machida, Kamegai & Kuramochi, 2006 from the Japanese codling Physiculus japonicus Hilgendorf, 1879 (syn. P. maximowiczi Herzenstein, 1896 ) ( Gadiformes : Moridae ) from deep-water of the Sagami Sea, Japan. It has an infundibuliform oral sucker, with 3 lobes and an egg-shell with 2 bands. In these characteristics it is similar to Dupliciporia , but the ventral sucker is not described as divided and the caeca form separate ani at the posterior extremity of the body. These characters also differentiate this species from Neosteganoderma Byrd, 1964 (see Bray 1987), which is now considered a junior synonym of Proctophantastes Odhner, 1911 (see Brooks & McLennan 1993; Bray in press.; Mouahid et al. 2008). Examination of specimens of this species is necessary to assess its generic status in consideration of the definition of Dupliciporia presented in this paper.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Dupliciporia sp. (= Parasteganoderma sp. of El-Labadi et al. [2006]) ex. Pristigenys niphonia, Gulf of Aqaba. Ventral view. BMNH 2005.4.13.40. Abbreviations: see legend to figures 1 - 4. Scale-bar: 1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 5. Dupliciporia lanterna n. sp. 1. Ventral view of holotype. 2. Ventral view of oral sucker. 3. Lateral view of terminal genitalia. 4. Proximal female system, ventral view, eggs omitted for clarity. 5. Egg. Abbreviations: ce, posterior extent of caecum; cs, cirrus-sac; ed, ejaculatory duct; er, ridge around egg; gm, glandular mass around genital atrium; Lc, Laurer’s canal; mr, median longitudinal ridge of ventral sucker; Mg, Mehlis’ gland; mt, metraterm; oes, oesophagus; os, oral sucker; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pp, pars prostatica; pph, prepharynx; sr, seminal receptacle; sv, seminal vesicle; t, testis; ut, uterus; vf, vitelline follicle. Scale-bars: 1, 1 mm; 2, 4, 100 μm; 3, 200 μm; 5, 20 μm.