Apobaetis pasternakae, De Lima & Cruz & Hamada, 2023

De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1), pp. 136-161 : 143-145

Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA9DDFA5-45BE-44FC-9EC5-A92B09F133B8

Figs 1 , 3–5

Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92.

Diagnosis

MALE IMAGO (adapted from Cruz et al. 2011). Wing ( Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 8). hyaline, veins light brown; stigmatic area with eight veins not touching Sc vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except single between veins IMP2 and CuA, absent between CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal vein; length of forewing about 2.5 × width. External genitalia ( Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 10a–b). Area between unistyligers with a deep V emargination. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 5H ). A pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv); retractor muscle of the gonovectes fixed in the angle region of the gonovectes (m.gv); sclerotized penial bridge (pb); a pair of styligeral muscle (ms).

NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin ( Fig. 4A–B ); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua ( Fig. 4E ); 3) maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from the apical half to the apex, without apical constriction ( Fig. 4F ); 4) labial palp segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave ( Fig. 4G ); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; claw 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, without row of denticles ( Fig. 5A ); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in irregular sizes ( Fig. 5C ); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension without spines ( Fig. 5E ).

Etymology

The species name is a tribute to Dr Natália Pasternak, founder of the Instituto Questão de Ciências in São Paulo. During the Coronavirus Pandemic, she acted fighting fake news.

Material examined

Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco ; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 10 Mar. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA.

Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 5 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA .

Additional material

BRAZIL – Amazonas • 12 ♂♂ imagoes in 80% alcohol; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco ; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 8Apr. 2009; R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 5 males imagoes genitalia on slide; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 6 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Corredeira da Pantera ; 02º02′ S, 59º50′ W; 8 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2009; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira do Santuário ; 02º03′ S, 59º55′ W; 13 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Apuí ; 07º11′ S, 59º53′ W; 2 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, G. Desidério and N. Hamada leg.; INPA . – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, ramal 37, Cachoeirinha farms; 00º57′09.2″ N, 59º37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 12 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, Vicinal 02; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; São João da Baliza , sítio do igarapé; 01º00′59.7″ N, 59º55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Igarapé do Jacaré , vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 4 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe , vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 12 Mar. 2018; P. V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Pacaraima, Rio Ereu ; 01º56′01.3″ N, 61º01′38.4″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Boa Vista, Rio Murupu ; 03º01′16.3″ N, 60º46′32.9″ W; 19 Dec. 2004; N. Hamada and F.F. Salles leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia ; 03º21′01.6″ N, 59º54′14.5″ W; 5 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, first bridge, Vicinal 2; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2008; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia ; 03º21′04.0″ N, 59º54′13.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Cantá, Rio do Cachorro bridge; 02º25′20.2″ N, 60º40′00.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; BR 170 ; 02º08′59.9″ N, 60º40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA . – Rondônia • 3 nymphs on slide; Candeias do Jamarí, Igarapé da Onça ; 08º52′40.0″ S, 63º38′02.2″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; N. Hamada and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA . – Maranhão • 2 nymphs on slide; Estreito, BR 010 , near the bridge, Rio Farinha ; 06º31′47.3″ S, 47º28′11.4″ W; 22 Jul. 2010; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA .

Description

Nymph

LENGTH. Body: 2.9–3.1 mm.

HEAD. Antenna. Flagellum with minute spines at apex of each flagellomere. Labrum ( Fig. 4A–B ). Length about 0.5 × maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible ( Fig. 4C ). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible ( Fig. 4D ). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx ( Fig. 4E ). Lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, fine and simple setae scattered over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla ( Fig. 4F ). Maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from apical half to apex, with fine and simple setae scattered over surface, without apical constriction. Labium ( Fig. 4G ). Glossa subquadrangular, medially broad, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; apex with 3 short spine-like setae; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust setae on apex; outer margin with one longitudinal row of 16 long spine-like setae to base and one longitudinal row of 6 long and robust spine-like setae to base near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 7 long and robust spine-like setae at middle, at apical half. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection apically directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, length 0.6× width, covered with fine, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with a row of 11 to 14 robust setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 10 to 12 robust spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin.

THORAX. Holotype pigment ( Fig. 3A–C ). Light yellow; femur with rounded brown mark on apical third. Foreleg ( Fig. 5A–B ). Femur: dorsal margin with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; apex with 2 concave and blunt long setae; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 8 elongated spine-like setae; posterior surface with one row of 8 to 10 elongated spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 8 to 10 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 12 to 15 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, row of denticules absent. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg.

ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment ( Fig. 3A–C ). Light yellow; terga I and II with medial brown mark; tergum V with lateral brown mark; tergum IX with brown mark on anterior margin; sterna VI–VIII with anterolateral light brown mark almost imperceptible; sternum IX with brown mark on lateral and anterior margin. Tergum IV ( Fig. 5C ). Terga surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and by micropores; posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines, in irregular sizes. Gill ( Fig. 5D ) apex rounded, trachea conspicuous; median length, extending to half of second subsequent tergum. Paraproct ( Fig. 5E ) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension without spines. Cerci ( Fig. 5F ) short lateral spines on all segments. Paracercus ( Fig. 5G ) short lateral spines on all segments.

Male imago

INTERNAL GENITALIA ( Fig. 5H ). A pair of unistyligers cylindrical, completely separated one from another (us); sclerotized penial bridge articulated with the gonovectes and the X tergum abdominal (pb); pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv) with an attached membrane on lateral parts (mb); a pair of gonovectal muscle goes from gonovectes apex to lateral parts of IX sternum (m.gv); a pair of median styligeral muscle goes from lateral parts of membrane to posterior margin of IX sternum (ms).

Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov.

Pigment variation THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown spots ( Fig. 3D, F, 3J, M ); brown mark covering almost completely the thorax ( Fig. 3H ); femur without marks ( Fig. 3G ); forewing pads with brown mark on basal third ( Fig. 3H ).

ABDOMEN. Terga I–III with brown spots ( Fig. 3D, F ); terga I–X with short light brown marks ( Fig. 3J ); tergum I with medial brown mark, terga II and III with brown marks, terga IV–X with light brown spots ( Fig. 3M ); sterna VII and VIII with anterolateral brown mark ( Fig. 3G ); sterna I–VIII with anterolateral brown mark, sterna I–VIII with lateral brown mark ( Fig. 3L, N ); cerci e paracercus with light brown trio marks, alternating over of length ( Fig. 3D, J, M ).

Morphological variation

LENGTH. Body 2.2–3.1 mm.

Figures

Fig. 1. Map with distribution of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 (including putative records) (black circles), Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. (yellow stars), Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (green square), Apobaetis jaquelinae sp. nov. (red triangles), and Apobaetis luanae sp. nov. (blue triangles).

Fig. 3. Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov., habitus of nymph. A–C. Holotype (INPA). A. Nymph female (d.v.). B. Nymph female (v.v.). C. Nymph female (l.v.). D–N. Pigment variation in different populations. D–I. Amazonas State.D. Nymph female (d.v.).E. Nymph female (v.v.).F. Nymph male (d.v.).G. Nymph male (v.v.). H. Nymph male (d.v.). I. Nymph male (v.v.). J–N. Roraima State. J. Nymph female (d.v.). L. Nymph female (v.v.). M. Nymph female (d.v.). N. Nymph female (v.v.). Abbreviations: d.v. = dorsal view; l.v. = lateral view; v.v. = ventral view. Not to scale.

Fig. 4. Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov., holotype (INPA), mouthparts of nymph. A. Labrum (left d.v., right v.v). B. Detail of medial spatulate setae on dorsal surface of labrum. C. Left mandible. D. Right mandible. E. Hypopharynx. F. Maxilla. G. Labium (left d.v., right v.v.). Abbreviations: d.v. = dorsal view; v.v. = ventral view. Not to scale.

Fig. 5. Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov., holotype (INPA), thorax and abdomen of nymph. A. Foreleg (femur on anterior surface), setae on posterior surface dotted. B. Detail of setae on posterior surface of forefemur. C. Posterior margin of tergum IV. D. Gill. E. Paraproct. F. Cercus. G. Paracercus. Additional material from Cruzet al. 2011.H. Internal genitalia of male imago (v.v). Abbreviations: gv = gonovectes; mb = membrane; m.gv = gonovectes muscle; ms = styligeral muscle; pb = penial bridge; us = unistyliger; v.v. = ventral view. Not to scale.