Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, Insecta Mundi 732 (732), pp. 1-306 : 103

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus 1758: 350

Note. Two presently recognized subspecies of Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum have been described, one of which occurs in the research area. The other one is O. (O.) festivum nigerrimum Arnaud, 2002 (recorded from Trinidad and Tobago).

Subspecies Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus 1758: 350 ( Suriname - LECTOTYPE)

= Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum viridanum Arnaud 2002c: 71 ( Brazil, Venezuela (EO)) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (syn. nov.)

Distribution. Guyana: Erichson 1848: 564 (as Phanaeus festivus ); Bodkin 1919: 213 (as Phanaeus festivus ); Forsyth and Gill 1993: 70; Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Bicknell et al. 2014: table S1. Suriname: Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Larsen 2011: 99, 2013: 97; Hielkema 2017: 4 (designation LECTOTYPE Scarabaeus festivus ); MHCN; NZCS; RMNH. French Guiana: Feer 2000: 32; Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Feer and Pincebourde 2005: 30; Brûlé et al. 2011a: 193, 2011b: 121, 2014: 183; Brûlé and Dalens 2012a annex 4: 18; Price and Feer 2012: 327; Boilly et al. 2016: 95. “Guianas”: Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 112; Blackwelder 1944: 210. Brazil (NA): Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 112 (NA); Blackwelder 1944: 210; Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (as O. (Oxysternon) festivum festivum ; as O. (Oxysternon) festivum viridanum ); Arnaud 2002c: 71 (as O. festivum festivum ; as O. festivum viridanum ); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (NA); Quintero and Roslin 2005: appendix A (NA); Gardner et al. 2008: table S1 (NA); Pacheco and Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 2 (as O. (Oxysternon) festivum viridanum ) (NA). Venezuela (EO): Olsoufieff 1924: 112; Arnaud 2002c: 71 (as O. festivum viridanum ) (EO); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (EO); Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 110 (EO). Other: Linnaeus 1758: 350 (America - as Scarabaeus festivus ); Gillet 1911b: 87 (Trinidad and Tobago); Olsoufieff 1924: 112 (none - as O. festivum ab. viridanum); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (Trinidad and Tobago); Medina et al. 2001: 140 (Colombia); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (none - designation LECTOTYPE Scarabaeus festivus ).

Note 1. Hielkema (2017: 4) shows that Scarabaeus festivus (now Oxysternon (Oxysternon) festivum ) is described in Linnaeus (1758: 350) rather than in Linnaeus (1767: 552), invalidates the lectotype designated in Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 12), and designates a new lectotype.

Note 2. According to Arnaud (2002c: 71) and Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 12), the specimens of Oxysternon festivum from Trinidad and Tobago as mentioned in Gillet (1911b: 87) and Blackwelder (1944: 210) belong to the subspecies O. festivum nigerrimum .