Cryptachaea pilar Santanna, 2019

Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), Zootaxa 4646 (2), pp. 271-292 : 273-276

Cryptachaea pilar Santanna & Rodrigues, new species

Figs. 1–4 , 9, 10 , 20–25 , 32

Types. Male Holotype, BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Morro do Pilar, Cave CAV-0018 (19°10’13’’S; 43°23’46’’W), 13– 17.II.2012, L. Tunes coll., manual collection ( IBSP 189596 ) . Paratypes. BRAZIL: Same data as holotype, 1F ( IBSP 189596 ) ; Same data as holotype, except 03–14/VI/2013, Equipe Carste coll., 1M, 2F ( IBSP 189609 ) ; Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas, Cave ILCOM-14 (19°29’47”S; 44°13’16”W), 05–14.VIII.2013, Equipe Carste coll., manual collec- tion, 1F ( IBSP 189573 ) ; Minas Gerais, Santa Maria de Itabira, Cave Morro Escuro (19°24’14”S; 43°08’36”W), 24.VI–05.VII.2013, Equipe Carste coll., manual collection, 1F ( IBSP 189621 ) .

Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. The male palpus of Cryptachaea pilar new species differs from the other species of the genus by their very large, subquadrangular tegulum that ventrally covers all the embolus ( Figs. 1 , 20, 22 ), and apex of the cymbium without projections ( Figs. 1, 2 , 20–22 ). The female have two circular copulatory openings ( Figs. 3, 4 , 25 ), as Cryptachaea cidae Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015 (see Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015: fig. 1b), but differ from this species by the oval spermathecae ( Figs. 3, 4 ), more separated from each other and fertilization ducts inserted submedianally in the spermathecae ( Fig. 4 ), posteriorly in C. cidae .

Description. Male holotype ( IBSP 189596): Total length 1.57. Carapace: length 1.57, width 0.71. Clypeus height: 0.12. Sternum: length 0.37, width 0.39. Chelicerae: length 0.31, width 0.10. Abdomen: length: 0.98, width 0.84, height 1.00. Leg formula I/II/III/IV. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.11/0.77/0.65/0.81; patellae+tibiae 1.13/0.81/0.58/0.84; metatarsi+tarsi 1.34/1.00/0.73/1.32; total: 3.59/2.60/1.97/1.65. Palp: femora 0.21, patellae 0.10, tibiae 0.06, cymbium 0.18. All eyes are the same size. Eyes with dark borders ( Fig. 9 ). Carapace oval, yellow with dark margins ( Fig. 9 ). Clypeus yellow, laterally concave. Chelicerae ( Fig. 24 ) yellow. Labium yellow, subquadrangular. Endites yellow, subquadrangular. Ocular area yellow, slightly darker between median eyes ( Fig. 9 ). Sternum yellow, with dark dots. Legs yellow, except distal femur apex with dark brown spot. Presence of a comb of bristles distributed serially on the femur I, in ventral view. Abdomen oval ( Fig. 9 ), dorsally grayish, with median and posterior dark brown spots; ventrally yellow, with dark brown dots. Spinnerets brown. Palp with lamellar conductor ( Figs. 1 , 20, 21 ). Embolus with two apical processes, one of them more robust ( Figs. 2 , 21 ), the minor process serves as a hook, with prolateral coupling, in the concavity of the alveolus of the cymbium ( Fig. 2 ). Tegulum subquadrangular, large and robust ( Figs. 1 , 20, 22 ). Cymbium oval ( Fig. 2 ), with tarsal organ circular and large ( Figs 21, 23 ), and with stridulatory ridges in the apex of cymbium ( Fig. 23 ).

Female paratype ( IBSP 189573). Total length 2.07. Carapace: length 0.98, width 0.92. Clypeus height: 0.14. Sternum: length 0.54, width 0.52. Chelicerae: length 0.31, width 0.12. Abdomen: length: 1.26, width 1.09, height 1.09. Leg formula I/IV/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.21/0.96/0.65/1.19; patellae+tibiae 1.42/1.02/0.77/1.26; metatarsi+tarsi 1.68/0.86/0.67/1.34; total: 4.32/2.85/2.1/3.80. Palp: femora 0.21, patellae 0.16, tibiae 0.12, tarsi 0.14. PME larger than the other eyes; other eyes are the same size. Color of carapace ( Fig. 10 ), legs and abdomen as in male. Epigynum with epigynal plate wider than long ( Figs. 3 , 25 ), with two spherical copulatory openings ( Figs. 3 , 25 ), two oval spermathecae ( Fig. 3 ), and short fertilization and copulatory ducts ( Fig. 4 ).

Variation. Males (n=2): Total length 1.57–1.89. Carapace: length 0.71–0.73, width 0.67–0.73. Femur leg I 1.11–1.26. Females (n= 5): Total length 2.07–2.73. Carapace: length 0.98–1.36, width 0.81–1.19. Femur leg I 1.21– 1.57.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo, Altinópolis, Sertãozinho de Baixo, Cave Gruta do Paredão (21°3'48''S; 47°25'47''W), 4 F, P. Gnaspini et al. coll., 21.XI.1998 ( IBSP 23841 ) ; Minas Gerais, Cordisburgo, Cave Gruta do Salitre (19°7'18''S; 44°21'5''W), 1 F, P. Gnaspini coll., 11.IX.2001 ( IBSP 71838 ) ; Cave Gruta da Morena (19°10'9''S; 44°19'54''W), 4 F, P. Gnaspini coll., 12.IX.2001 ( IBSP 71834 ), 8F, 11–12.X/2007 ( IBSP 132138 ), 3F ( IBSP 132145 ), 1F ( IBSP 132149 ), 5F ( IBSP 132150 ), 3F ( IBSP 132164 ), 5F ( IBSP 132165 ) all collected by Equipe Disciplina Cavernas 2007 ; Mariana: Cave Furna Dois (20°13'35''S; 43°11'29''W), 4 F, F. Tulio coll., IX.2002 ( IBSP 39738 ), 2F, 14.VII.2002 ( IBSP 39778 ) ; Mina Conta História, Cave Caverna CH-033 1M, 23–30.IX.2008 ( IBSP 146072 ), 2F, 28–30.IV.2009 ( IBSP 146070 ) ; Cave Caverna CH-035, 1F, 28–30.IV.2009 ( IBSP 146079 ), all collected by F. Pellegatti et al. ; Fábrica Nova, Cave Caverna FN-001 (20°13'41''S; 43°25'50''W), 2F, 05–09.V.2008 ( IBSP 199865 ), 3F ( IBSP 146107 ), 3F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146136 ), 4F ( IBSP 146145 ), 3M, 3F ( IBSP 146146 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-002 (20°13'39''S; 43°25'53''W), 2F, 16–21.I.2009 ( IBSP 146116 ), 3F ( IBSP 146120 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-005 (20°13'19''S; 43°26'4''W), 2F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146130 ) ; Cave Caverna FN- 006 (20°13'8''S; 43°25'51''W), 1F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146148 ), 1F ( IBSP 146155 ), 1M, 2F ( IBSP 146158 ), 1F ( IBSP 146159 ), 1F ( IBSP 146167 ), 2M ( IBSP 146172 ), 1F ( IBSP 146175 ), 2M, 6F ( IBSP 146178 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-009 (20°12'28''S; 43°26'20''W), 1M, 16–21.I.2009 ( IBSP 146187 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-010 (20°12'29''S; 43°26'20''W), 2F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146196 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-012 (20°12'30''S; 43°26'20''W), 1F, 16–21.I.2009 ( IBSP 146208 ), 2F ( IBSP 146213 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-013 (20°12'28''S; 43°26'19''W), 1M, 1F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146223 ), 3F ( IBSP 146229 ), 1M, 3F ( IBSP 146238 ), 1M, 5F ( IBSP 146240 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-015 (20°12'22''S; 43°26'10''W), 2F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146257 ), all collected by R. Andrade et al. ; Cave Caverna C-4 (20°11'25''S; 43°30'34''W), 1F, Bessi et al. coll., 16–17.IV.2009 ( IBSP 149757 ) ; Cave Caverna C-2 (20°11'24342''S; 43°30'34''W), 1F, Bessi et al. coll., 04–05.VIII.2009 ( IBSP 149797 ) ; Ouro Preto, Mina Conta História, Cave Caverna CH-007 (20°14'36726''S; 43°31'3''W), 1F, 23–30.IX.2008 ( IBSP 145932 ) ; Cave Caverna CH-010 (20°14'41496''S; 43°31'1''W), 1F, 23–30.IX.2008 ( IBSP 145896 ) ; Cave Caverna CH-011 (20°14'9''S; 43°30'39''W), 1F, 28–30.IV.2009 ( IBSP 145946 ), 1F ( IBSP 145949 ) ; Cave Caverna CH-013 (20°14'11''S; 43°30'34''W), 1F, 28–30.IV.2009 ( IBSP 145954 ) ; Cave Caverna CH-029 (20°13'54''S; 43°30'46''W), 1F, 23–30.IX.2008 ( IBSP 146047 ) ; Cave Caverna CH- 031 (20°14'2''S; 43°30'27''W), 1F, 23–30.IX.2008 ( IBSP 146063 ) ; Barão de Cocais, Cave Gruta Córrego Vieira 1 F, R. Andrade coll., 02–24.XI.2007 ( IBSP 127607 ), 1F ( IBSP 127609 ) ; Caeté: Cave Caverna AP_047 (20°2'12''S; 43°41'32''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179057 ), 2M, 2F ( IBSP 179058 ), 1M, 1F ( IBSP 179059 ), 2F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179078), 1F ( IBSP 179079), 1F ( IBSP 179080) ; Cave Caverna AP_049 (20°2'9672''S; 43°41'30''W), 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179082 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_050 (20°1'54732''S; 43°41'37''W), 5F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179054 ), 1F ( IBSP 179055 ), 1M, 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179083 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_054 (20°1'41574''S; 43°40'53''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179052 ), 2F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179094 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_057 (20°1'36''S; 43°41'9''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179076 ), 2F ( IBSP 179077 ), 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179084 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_058 (20°1'35''S; 43°41'9''W), 1M, 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179071 ), 1F ( IBSP 179072 ), 1F ( IBSP 179073 ), 1F 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179086 ), 1F ( IBSP 179085 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_059 (20°1'35''S; 43°41'9''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179060 ) 1M, 1F ( IBSP 179061 ), 2F ( IBSP 179062 ), 1F ( IBSP 179063 ), 2F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179087 ),1F ( IBSP 179088 ), 1F ( IBSP 179089 ), 1F ( IBSP 179090 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_058 (20°1'35''S; 43°41'9''W), 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179081 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_061 (20°1'32''S; 43°41'8''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179070 ), 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179091 ), 1F ( IBSP 179092 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_063 (20°1'31''S; 43°41'7''W), 1F, 13–17.IV.2010 ( IBSP 179093 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_065 (20°1'24''S; 43°41'4''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179074 ), 1F ( IBSP 179075 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_064 (20°1'29784''S; 43°41'7''W), 1F, 12– 21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179069 ) ; Cave Caverna AP_069 (20°0'36''S; 43°40'10''W), 2F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179067 ), 1M ( IBSP 179068 ) ; Cave E_056 (20°1'35''S; 43°41'8''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179053 ) ; Cave E_071 (20°1'12''S; 43°42'48''W), 1F, 12–21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179056 ) ; Cave E_072 (20°0'50''S; 43°43'31''W), 1F, 12– 21.XI.2009 ( IBSP 179064 ), 2F ( IBSP 179065 ), 1M, 1F ( IBSP 179066 ) all collected by R. Bessi et al. ; Rio Acima , Cave APOL_0024 (20°5'24''S; 43°41'9''W), 1F ( IBSP 179627 ) ; Cave SPC_040 (20°3'42''S; 43°40'15''W), 1F ( IBSP 179483 ) ; Cave SPD-033 (20°3'15''S; 43°39'56''W), 1F ( IBSP 179484 ) ; Cave SPC_035 (20°3'33''S; 43°40'13''W), 1F ( IBSP 179485 ), 1F ( IBSP 179489 ) ; Cave SPD-038 (20°3'42''S; 43°40'14''W), 3F ( IBSP 179490 ) all collected in between 25–27.VII.2011 by Equipe Carste coll. ; Santa Bárbara , Cave Caverna SG-002 (20°2'56''S; 43°40'55''W), 3F ( IBSP 179499 ) ; Cave Caverna SG-007 (20°2'58344''S; 43°41'5''W), 1F ( IBSP 179500 ), 2F ( IBSP 179501 ) ; Cave Caverna SG-009 (20°3'18''S; 43°41'9''W), 4F ( IBSP 179502 ), 2F ( IBSP 179503 ) all collected in between 26– 30.IX.2011 by Equipe Carste coll. ; Cave APOL_0007 (20°0'59''S; 43°39'57''W), 1F ( IBSP 179618 ) ; Cave APOL_ 0008 (20°1'9''S; 43°40'9''W), 1F ( IBSP 179619 ), 1F ( IBSP 179620 ) ; Cave APOL_0009 (20°1'15''S; 43°39'50''W), 2F ( IBSP 179621 ) ; Cave APOL_0013 (20°0'15''S; 43°39'51''W) 1F ( IBSP 179622 ) ; Cave APOL_0016 (20°3'11''S; 43°42'6''W), 2M14F ( IBSP 179623 ), 4F ( IBSP 179624 ) ; Cave APOL_0022 (20°3'56''S; 43°41'40''W), 2F ( IBSP 179625 ), 1F ( IBSP 179626 ) ; Cave APOL_0029 (20°2'35''S; 43°41'56''W), 2F ( IBSP 179628 ) ; Cave APOL_0030 (20°2'16116''S; 43°39'50''W), 1M, 2F ( IBSP 179629 ) ; Cave APOL_0001 (20°0'34''S; 43°39'56''W) 1F ( IBSP 179630 ) ; Cave APOL_0002 (20°0'36''S; 43°39'56''W), 1F ( IBSP 179631 ) ; Cave APOL_0005 (20°0'37''S; 43°39'47''W), 1F ( IBSP 179632 ) ; Cave APOL_0006 (20°0'59''S; 43°40'5''W), 1F ( IBSP 179633 ), 1F ( IBSP 179634 ) ; Cave APOL_0010 (19°59'57''S; 43°39'55''W), 4F ( IBSP 179635 ), 1F ( IBSP 179636 ), 3F ( IBSP 179637 ) ; Cave APOL_0012 (20°0'11''S; 43°40'8''W), 1F ( IBSP 179638 ) all collected in between 30.VI–15.VII.2011 by Equipe Carste coll. ; Conceição do Mato Dentro , Conceição Sul, Cave CAV-0012 (19°6'58''S; 43°25'0''W) 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180436), 2F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180467) ; Cave CAV-0013 (19°7'5286''S; 43°26'0''W) 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180437 ), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180468 ) ; Cave CAV-0014 (19°8'15''S; 43°24'19''W) 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180438), 1M ( IBSP 180439), 1F ( IBSP 180440), 1F ( IBSP 180441), 1F ( IBSP 180442), 1F ( IBSP 180443), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180469), 1F ( IBSP 180470), 1F ( IBSP 180471), 1F ( IBSP 180472) ; Cave Caverna CAV- 0015 (19°6462'0''S; 43°24'18''W), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180473 ) ; Morro do Pilar : Cave CAV-0002 (19°9'20''S; 43°23'53''W) 2F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180427), 1F ( IBSP 180428), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180459), 2F ( IBSP 180460) ; Cave CAV-0003 (19°9'20''S; 43°23'52''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180429), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180461) ; Cave CAV-0005 (19°14'58596''S; 43°22'6''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180430 ), 1F ( IBSP 180431 ), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180462 ) ; Cave CAV-0006 (19°15'56''S; 43°25'16''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180432) ; Cave CAV-0009 (19°14'32''S; 43°22'2''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180433), 1F ( IBSP 180434), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180463), 1F ( IBSP 180464) ; Cave CAV-0010 (19°9'27''S; 43°23'29''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180435), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180465), 1F ( IBSP 180466) ; Cave CAV-0017 (19°12'4''S; 43°22'58''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180444), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180474) ; Cave CAV-0018 (19°10'13''S; 43°23'46''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180445), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180475), 1M, 2F ( IBSP 180476), 1M1F ( IBSP 180477) ; Cave CAV-0019 (19°9'44748''S; 43°23'29''W), 2F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180446 ), 2F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180478 ), 1F ( IBSP 180479 ) ; Cave CAV-0021 (19°8'55''S; 43°25'44''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180447), 2F ( IBSP 180448), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180480), 1F ( IBSP 180481), 1F ( IBSP 180482), 1F ( IBSP 180483) ; Cave CAV-0022 (19°10'33''S; 43°24'42''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180449) ; Cave CAV-0023 (19°13'15'' S; 43°23'26''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180450), 1F, 13–17.II.2012 ( IBSP 180484), 1F ( IBSP 180485) ; Cave CAV-0001A (19°9'15''S; 43°24'13''W) 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180451), 1F ( IBSP 180453), 1F ( IBSP 180454), 1M, 1F, 28.II.2012 ( IBSP 180486), 1F ( IBSP 180487), 2F ( IBSP 180488), 1M ( IBSP 180489), 1F ( IBSP 180490), 1F ( IBSP 180491) ; Cave CAV-0001B (19°9'14''S; 43°24'10''W), 1F, 12–24.IX.2011 ( IBSP 180452), 1M, 1F ( IBSP 180455), 1F ( IBSP 180456), 1F ( IBSP 180457), 1F ( IBSP 180458), 1F, 28.II.2012 ( IBSP 180492), 1F ( IBSP 180493), 1F ( IBSP 180494) all colleted by R. Andrade & G. P. Perroni et al. ; Matozinhos: Cave MOC-66 (19°32'52''S; 44°0'37''W) 1 F, F. P. Franco & C. A. R. Souza et al. coll., 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180220).

Distribution. Brazil (caves in states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Fig. 32 ).

Figures

FIGURE 32. Distribution of Cryptachaea species: Rectangle, Cryptachaea pilar Santanna & Rodrigues, new species; Losangle, Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884); Circle, Cryptachae benivia Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015.

FIGURES 1–4. Cryptachaea pilar Santanna & Rodrigues, new species: 1–2, Male: 1, Palp, ventral. 2, Palp, expanded. 3–4, Female, 3, Epigynum, ventral. 4, Dorsal, clarified. Scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 9–14. Body, dorsal view. Cryptachaea pilar new species: 9, Male. 10 Female. Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963): 11, Male. 12, Female. Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959): 13, Male. 14, Female. Scale bars 0,25 mm.

FIGURES 20–25. Cryptachaea pilar new species: 20–23, Male palp: 20, ventral. 21, Prolateral. 22, Ventral. 23, stridulatory ridges and tarsal organ. 24, Male chelicerae. 25, Epigynum.