Sagola, SHARP

Park, J. - S. & Carlton, C. E., 2014, A revision of the New Zealand species of the genus Sagola Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 13) 68, pp. 1-156 : 6-7

KEY TO THE SPECIES- GROUPS OF SAGOLA SHARP

The key is based on male specimens because most female specimens are indistinguishable based on external morphology.

1. Hind-tarsal claw enlarged relative to fore and mid-claw ( Fig. 56k )................ ........................ notabilis species-group

1′. Hind-tarsal claw simple, similar to fore and mid-claw.......................................2

2(1′). Abdominal tergite V distinctly depressed, bearing processes from anterior and posterior edges and long, dense setae between processes ( Fig. 54f )............... ...................... excavata species-group

2′. Abdominal tergite V simple, unmodified ............................................................... 3

3(2′). Frontal sulcus reversed Y- or V-shaped, divided with each posterior branch reaching vertexal fovea ( Fig. 52p, r : arrows) ......................... furcata species-group

3′. Frontal sulcus not divided...................4

4(3′). Fore femur with semicircular depression ( Fig. 4u : arrow)...................................5

4′. Fore femur without semicircular depression....................................................... 13

5(4). Head transverse ( Figs. 25g , 27e ) ........6

5′. Head round or bluntly triangular ........7

6(5). Anterior frontal fovea small, round, but not externally observable owing to concealment by connected frontal rostrum ( Fig. 27e : arrow) ................................... .......................... flavipes species-group

6′. Anterior frontal fovea elongate, partially covered by frontal rostrum ( Fig. 25g ) ............................ incisa species-group

7(5′). Eye relatively more prominent due to depressed frontal gena ( Fig. 23c ) ......... ............................ valida species-group

7′. Eye normal and frontal gena not depressed .................................................................... 8

8(7′). Antennomeres 5–6 enlarged ( Fig. 21e ) ............................ parva species-group

8′. Antennomeres not enlarged.................9

9(8′). Ventral surface of head with pair of processes laterally ( Fig. 19j : arrow)....... ........................... pulchra species-group

9′. Ventral surface of head without processes laterally...................................10

10(9′). Gular area of head with transverse depression and medial process ( Fig. 16i : arrow).............. baiknami species-group

10′. Gular area of head with small, round depression without medial process......11

11(10′). Gular area of head with bean-shaped opening ( Fig. 8j : arrow); ventral surface of head with pair of short carinae from posterior point of eyes, as long as eye ( Fig. 8j ).......... rugifrons species-group

11′. Gular area of head with round opening; ventral surface of head without carinae .........................................................12

12(11′). Ventral surface of head with large round depression ( Fig. 12m : arrow) ................ ............................. bifida species-group

12′. Ventral surface of head with transverse depression ( Fig. 4s : arrow) ................... ........................... hirtalis species-group

13(4′). Head with dense setae around posterior frontal fovea ( Fig. 29a–b ) ..................... ........................ helmorei species-group

13′. Head with sparse setae throughout...14

14(13′). Ventral surface of head distinctly convex, with heart-shaped depression ( Fig. 35d ) ......... sharpi species-group

14′. Ventral surface of head slightly convex or flat, without heart-shaped depression ................................................... 15

15(14′). Frontal sulcus deep and long, reaching between behind eye to occiput ( Fig. 38j–k )........ auripila species-group

15′. Frontal sulcus not exceeding posterior margin of eye ....................................16

16(15′). Ventral surface of head with a pair of cone-shaped temporal depressions and small triangular medial processes ( Fig. 50c : short arrow) .......................... ........................ owensae species-group

16′. Ventral surface of head without coneshaped temporal depressions and medial processes............................................17

17(16′). Head triangular, ventral temple of head depressed and projecting ( Figs. 64f , 66n , 70y–z , 75d ).......................................... 18

17′. Head round, ventral temple of head simple.................................................21

18(17). Posterior frontal fovea large and rounded, as large as eye ( Fig. 75d ) ........................ ............................. genalis species-group

18′. Posterior frontal fovea small.............19

19(18′). Ventral surface of neck with patch of long, dense setae anteriorly ( Fig. 66o–t , 69 )..... ................................................................ 20

19′. Ventral surface of neck without patch of setae anteriorly.................................. ................. moehauensis species-group

20(19). Genitalia robust and convex ( Fig. 66g –l ) ............................... major species-group

20′. Genitalia broad and flat ( Fig. 70a–x ) ...................... insignis species-group

21(17′). Ventral surface of head with process behind mouthparts bearing dense setae along posterior margin ( Figs. 41f , 43d , 77b )............................................... 22

21′. Ventral surface of head without process behind mouthparts.............................24

22(21). Ventral surface of head with W-shaped process ( Fig. 77b : arrow) ...................... .................... opercularis species-group

22′. Ventral surface of head with round process ( Figs. 41f , 43d )..........................23

23(22′). Ventral surface of head with distinct triangular process; eye one-third length of temple ( Fig. 43d )............................. ........................... strialis species-group

23′. Ventral surface of head with round process; eye large, as long as temple ( Fig. 41f )..... arboricola species-group

24(21′). Anterior frontal fovea open anteriorly ( Fig. 34c : arrow) ................................... ........................ gourlayi species-group

24′. Anterior frontal fovea closed anteriorly ......................................................... 25

25(24′). Ventral surface of head convex with setose gula.........................................26

25′. Ventral surface of head simple..........27

26(25). Larger, 2.3–2.9 mm total length; posterior frontal fovea elongate ( Fig. 31j ) .......................... rustica species-group

26′. Smaller, 1.7–1.9 mm total length; posterior frontal fovea round ( Fig. 33a )..... ......................... lescheni species-group

27(25′). Antennomere 1 approximately 2.0 times longer than wide, with dull surface ( Fig. 4q ) ............... gilae species-group

27′. Antennomere 1 approximately 1.5– 2.0 times longer than wide, with surface at least slightly shining (Fig. n) ....................................................... 28

28(27′). Frontal rostrum rectangular, lobes continuous, reaching posterior frontal fovea ( Fig. 59o )........... misella species-group

28′. Frontal rostrum round, lobes not continuous, not reaching eye if continuous ........................................................ 29

29(28′). Elytra subquadrate; hind wings reduced to small pads ( Fig. 76a–b ) .................... .................. flemingensis species-group

29′. Elytra rectangular; hind wings fully developed...........................................30

30(29′). Median lobe of genitalia divided vertically, major lobe partially covers minor lobe ( Fig. 47f–j )..... socia species-group

30′. Median lobe of genitalia not divided ( Fig. 45f–k )..... anisarthra species-group

Figures

Fig. 56. Sagola species in the notabilis species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. notabilis, b) S. monstrosa, c) S. tararuaensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: d) S. notabilis, e) S. monstrosa, f) S. tararuaensis. S. monstrosa, male: g) Antenna, h) Dorsal surface of head, i) Ventral surface of head, j) Hind leg, lateral view, k) Hind claw, lateral view, l) Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d–l = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 54. Sagola species in the excavata species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. excavata, b) S. aucklandensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. excavata, d) S. aucklandensis. S. excavata, male: e) Dorsal surface of head, f) Abdominal tergite V, dorsal view. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 52. Sagola species in the furcata species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. furcata, b) S. punctulata, c) S. pecki, d) S. muirae, e) S. ignota, f) S. lewisensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: g) S. furcata, h) S. punctulata, i) S. pecki, j) S. muirae, k) S. ignota, l) S. lewisensis. m) S. lewisensis, aedeagus, lateral view, n) S. ignota, antenna. S. punctulata, male head: o) Dorsal surface (arrow indicates inverted Y-shaped frontal sulcus), p) Ventral surface. S. ignota, male head: q) Dorsal surface (arrow indicates inverted V-shaped frontal sulcus), r) Ventral surface. Scale bars a–f = 1 mm, g–r = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4. Sagola species in the hirtalis species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal view: a) S. hirtalis, b) S. terricola, c) S. convexa, d) S. coromandelensis, e) S. northlandensis, f) S. taranakiensis, g) S. kuscheli, h) S. newtoni, i) S. thorpei, j) S. dugdalei, k) S. thayerae, l) S. hunuaensis, m) S. waikatoensis, n) S. gisbornensis, o) S. weiri, p) S. brookesi. S. hirtalis: q) Antenna, r) Head, dorsal view, s) Head, ventral view (arrow indicates transverse depression). S. terricola: t) Meso- and metaventrite, u) Male fore femur (arrow indicates semicircular depression). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 25. Sagola species in the incisa species-group.Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. incisa, b) S. deformipes, c) S. unuwhaoensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: d) S. incisa, e) S. deformipes, f) S. unuwhaoensis. S. deformipes, male head: g) Dorsal surface, h) Ventral surface (arrow indicates round depression with anterior process). Scale bars a–c = 1 mm, d–h = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 27. Sagola species in the flavipes species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. flavipes, b) S. sulcator. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. flavipes, d) S. sulcator. S. flavipes, male head: e) Dorsal surface (arrow indicates anterior frontal fovea), f) Ventral surface (arrow indicates setose horn). Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 23. Sagola valida (valida species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Dorsal surface of male head, d) Ventral surface of male head. Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–d = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 21. Sagola species in the parva species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. parva, b) S. denticollis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. parva, d) S. denticollis. S. parva, male: e) Antenna, f) Dorsal surface of head, g) Ventral surface of head. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–g = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 19. Sagola species in the pulchra species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. pulchra, b) S. keejeongi, c) S. ramsayi, d) S. poortmani. Aedeagi, dorsal views: e) S. pulchra, f) S. keejeongi, g) S. ramsayi, h) S. poortmani. S. keejeongi, male: i) Dorsal surface of head, j) Ventral surface of head (arrow indicates lateral process), k) Mid-leg, lateral view. S. pulchra, female: l) Ventrite VIII, ventral view, m) Ventrite IX, ventral view. Scale bars a–d = 1 mm, e–m = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 16. Sagola pecies in the baiknami species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal views: a) S. baiknami, b) S. watti, c) S. butcherae, d) S. taupoensis, e) S. nunni, f) S. sunsookae, g) S. choeunae. S. watti, male head: h) Dorsal surface, i) Ventral surface (arrow indicates transverse depression). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Sagola species in the rugifrons species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) Sagola rugifrons, b) S. waipouaensis, c) S. brouni, d) S. plentyensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: e) S. rugifrons, f) S. waipouaensis, g) S. brouni, h) S. plentyensis. S. waipouaensis, male head: i) Dorsal surface, j) Ventral surface (arrow indicates bean-shaped opening). Scale bars a–d = 1 mm, e–j = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 12. Sagola species in the bifida species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal views: a) S. bifida, b) S. latistriata, c) S. crawi, d) S. earlyi, e) S. embersoni, f) S. mayae, g) S. ranatungae, h) S. baylessae, i) S. tekoauensis, j) S. ferroi, k) S. fairburni. S. latistriata, male: l) Dorsal surface of head, m) Ventral surface of head (arrow indicates large depression), n) Mid-femur, lateral view (arrow indicates shallow depression), o) Mid-tibia, lateral view (arrow indicates bend). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 29. Sagola species in the helmorei species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. helmorei, b) S. wellingtonensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. helmorei, d) S. wellingtonensis. S. helmorei, male head: e) Dorsal surface, f) Ventral surface. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 35. Sagola sharpi (sharpi species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Dorsal surface of male head, d) Ventral surface of male head. Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–d = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 38. Sagola species in the auripila species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal views: a) S. auripila, b) S. spiniventris, c) S. chathamensis, d) S. pittensis, e) S. chandleri, f) S. threekingsensis, g) S. gimmeli, h) S. sokolovi, lateral view, i) S. sokolovi. Dorsal surface of male head: j) S. spiniventris (arrow indicates wide frontal sulcus), k) S. chathamensis (arrow indicates narrow frontal sulcus). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 50. Sagola owensae (owensae species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Ventral surface of male head (central arrow indicates triangular process; right arrow indicates temporal depresssion). Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–c = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 64. Sagola species in the moehauensis species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. moehauensis, b) S. horokakaensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. moehauensis, d) S. horokakaensis. S. moehauensis, male head: e) Ventral surface (arrow indicates temporal lobe), f) Dorsal surface. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 66. Sagola species in the major species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. major, b) S. triregia, c) S. marrisi, d) S. boothi, e) S. prowellae, f) S. mackenziensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: g) S. major, h) S. triregia, i) S. marrisi, j) S. boothi, k) S. prowellae, l) S. mackenziensis. S. major, male: m) Fore femur (arrow indicates trochanter), n) Dorsal surface of head. Male heads, ventral views: o) S. major, p) S. triregia, q) S. marrisi, r) S. boothi, s) S. prowellae, t) S. mackenziensis. Scale bars a–f = 1 mm, g–t = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 70. Sagola species in the insignis species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal views: a) S. insignis, b) S. hectorii, c) S. bipunctata, d) S. angulifera, e) S. eminens, f) S. robustula, g) S. pertinax, h) S. monticola, i) S. laticeps, j) S. castanea, k) S. sheldoni, l) S. mercuryensis, m) S. cuvierensis, n) S. buckleyi, o) S. brumfieldi, p) S. otteai, q) S. boudreauxae, r) S. taegyui, s) S. hanae, t) S. gyudongi, u) S. egmontensis, v) S. boonei, w) S. stewartensis, x) S. jeongnamae. Male heads, dorsal surface: y) S. bipunctata, z) S. eminen. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 75. Sagola genalis (genalis species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Aedeagus, lateral view, d) Dorsal surface of male head, e) Ventral surface of male head (arrow indicates round depression with dense setae). Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–e = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 69. Ventral views of male heads of Sagola species in the insignis species-group. a) Sagola insignis, b) S. hectorii, c) S. bipunctata, d) S. angulifera, e) S. eminens, f) S. robustula, g) S. pertinax, h) S. monticola, i) S. laticeps, j) S. castanea, k) S. sheldoni, l) S. mercuryensis, m) S. cuvierensis, n) S. buckleyi, o) S. brumfieldi, p) S. otteai, q) S. boudreauxae, r) S. taegyui, s) S. hanae, t) S. gyudongi, u) S. egmontensis, v) S. boonei, w) S. stewartensis, x) S. jeongnamae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 41. Sagola species in the arboricola species-group, Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. arboricola, b) S. tenebrica. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. arboricola, d) S. tenebrica. S. arboricola, male head: e) Dorsal surface, f) Ventral surface. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 43. Sagola strialis (strialis species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Dorsal surface of male head, d) Ventral surface of male head. Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–d = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 77. Sagola opercularis (opercularis species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Ventral surface of male head (arrow indicates W-shaped process bearing dense setae), c) Aedeagus, dorsal view, d) Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar a = 1 mm, b = 0.5, c–d = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 34. Sagola gourlayi (gourlayi species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Dorsal surface of male head (arrow indicates open anterior frontal fovea). Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–c = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 31. Sagola species in the rustica species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. rustica, b) S. duplicata, c) S. marlboroughensis, d) S. walkerae. Aedeagi, dorsal views: e) S. rustica, f) S. duplicata, g) S. marlboroughensis, h) S. walkerae. S. walkerae, male: i) Antenna, j) Dorsal surface of head. Scale bars a–d = 1 mm, e–j = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 33. Sagola lescheni (lescheni species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view; scale bar = 1 mm, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view; scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 59. Sagola species in the misella species-group. Aedeagi, dorsal views: a) S. misella, b) S. bituberata, c) S. prisca, d) S. murchisonensis, e) S. fiordlandensis, f) S. hunterensis, g) S. humpridgensis, h) S. clunieae, i) S. turretensis, j) S. otagoensis, k) S. otagoensis, apical lobe, lateral view, l) S. southlandensis, m) S. huvali, n) S. tennysonensis. S. misella: o) Dorsal surface of head, p) Prosternum, ventral view, q) Meso- and metaventrites, ventral view, r) Abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 76. Sagola species in the flemingensis species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. flemingensis, b) S. snaresensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: c) S. flemingensis, d) S. snaresensis. Male heads, dorsal views: e) S. flemingensis, f) S. snaresensis. Scale bars a–b = 1 mm, c–f = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 47. Sagola species in the socia species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. socia, b) S. solodovnikovi, c) S. kahurangiensis, d) S. bullerensis, e) S. canterburyensis. Aedeagi, dorsal views: f) S. socia, g) S. solodovnikovi, h) S. kahurangiensis, i) S. bullerensis, j) S. canterburyensis. k) S. socia, dorsal surface of male head. Scale bars a–e = 1 mm, f–k = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 45. Sagola species in the anisarthra species-group. Habitus, dorsal views: a) S. anisarthra, b) S. planipennis, c) S. townsendi, d) S. wairarapaensis, e) S. clarkei. Aedeagi, dorsal views: f) S. anisarthra, g) S. planipennis, h) S. planipennis, lateral view, i) S. townsendi, j) S. wairarapaensis, k) S. clarkei. S. anisarthra, male head: l) Dorsal surface, m) Ventral surface. Scale bars a–e = 1 mm, f–m = 0.1 mm.