Sagola genalis Broun, 1881

Park, J. - S. & Carlton, C. E., 2014, A revision of the New Zealand species of the genus Sagola Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Faronitae), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 13) 68, pp. 1-156 : 147-150

Sagola genalis Broun, 1881

( Figs. 75 , 78 )

Sagola genale Broun, 1881: 663 . Schaufuss 1888: 84; Raffray 1893: 19, 1904: 497, 1911: 5, 1924: 231; Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Kuschel 1990: 48; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 242.

Sagola pallidula Broun, 1912b: 626 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 183; Raffray 1924: 232; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 243. New synonymy.

Sagola bilobata Broun, 1921a: 486 . Hudson 1923: 365, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 241. New synonymy.

Sagola fagicola Broun, 1921a: 494 . Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 242. New synonymy.

Sagola minuscula Broun, 1921a: 497 . Hudson 1923: 366, 1934: 184; Newton and Thayer 2005b; Nomura and Leschen 2006: 243. New synonymy.

Type Material. Holotype. NEW ZEALAND: Wellington: 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on clear plastic card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “1157.” [green label, printed], “New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Wellington – Sandager-” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola genalis .” [white label, handwritten] . Syntypes of Sagola bilobata : NEW ZEALAND: Otago Lakes : 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “3993. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Type.” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola ♂ bilobata.” [white label, handwritten]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “3993. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick. 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “3993. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Mt. Dick. 13.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Coll. T.Hall. 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick. W. of L. Wakatipu, Southland.” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola bilobata Broun ” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand ” [yellow label, printed]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Coll. T.Hall. 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick, Wakatipu, Southland.” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola bilobata Broun ” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand” [yellow label, printed]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Mt. Dick, 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola ♂ bilobata” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand ” [yellow label, printed]. 3♂♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Mt. Dick, 13.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola ♂ bilobata” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand” [yellow label, printed]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Mt. Alfred, 4.2.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola ♂ bilobata.” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand ” [yellow label, printed]. 1♂ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Earnslaw. 5.2.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “3993.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola ♂ bilobata.” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand” [yellow label, printed]. Syntypes of Sagola fagicola : NEW ZEALAND: Otago Lakes: 3♀♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “4003. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick. 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola ♂ fagicola.” [white label, handwritten]. 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “4003. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick. 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “ New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]. 2♀♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Coll. T.Hall 10.3.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “Mt. Dick, W. of L. Wakatipu, Southland.” [white label, handwritten]; “4003.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola fagicola Broun. ” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand” [yellow label, printed]. The original label indicates the types are male, but all syntypes are female. Syntypes of Sagola minuscula : NEW ZEALAND: Otago Lakes: 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “4008. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “Heavens. 5.2.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola ♂ minuscula.” [white label, handwritten]. 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “4008. ♂ ” [white label, handwritten]; “ New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482.” [white label, printed]; “Heavens. 5.2.1914.” [white label, handwritten]. 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “ Coll. T.Hall 5.2.1914.” [white label, handwritten]; “Heaven’ s Gate, N. of L. Wakatipu, Southland.” [white label, handwritten]; “4008.” [white label, handwritten]; “ Sagola minusculus Broun.” [white label, handwritten]; “ T. Broun Collection” [white label, printed]; “ A.E. Brookes Collection ” [white label, printed]; “ N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Private Bag 92170 AUCKLAND New Zealand” [yellow label, printed]. The original label indicates the types are male, but all syntypes are female. Holotype of Sagola pallidula : NEW ZEALAND: Buller : 1♀ ( BMNH), glued on rectangular card, “Type” [red label, printed]; “13.” [white label, printed], “Greymouth, New Zealand. Helms.” [white label, printed]; “Sharp Coll. 1905-313.” [white label, printed]; “ Sagola pallidula ” [white label, handwritten].

Additional Material (n = 74: 40 males; 34 females). NEW ZEALAND: Auckland: 1♂ , Waitakere Range, 260m, Nohoanga Scenic Res , 8 XII 1984 – 25 I 1985, hdwd-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 679, FIT & window trap; 1♂ , Waitakere Ra, Kauri Knoll , 22 I 1979, J.S. Dugdale, litter; 1♂ , Riverhead Forest Reserve , 25 IV 1982, P.A. Maddison, litter; 1♂ , Wattle Bay , 11 X 1981, G. Kuschel, rotten wood and soil; 1♂, Waitakere Ra, Cascade-Kauri Park, Up. Kauri tr, 170m, 23 XI–8 XII 1984, kauripodo-hdwd, A. Newton, M. Thayer 680, litter; Buller: 1♀, Greymouth, Boddytown , 8 II 1984, J.C. Watt, litter; Fiordland: 1♂ 1♀, Keplar Tck start, Te Anau, 22 I 2008, J. Nunn, moss; Mid Canterbury: 1♀ , Arthurs Pass, Dobson Nature Walk , 8 II 1982, C.F. Butcher, litter; Mackenzie: 1♀ , Ohau skifield, 1475m, 10 III 2007, J. Nunn, moss and tussock near stream; North Canterbury: 2♀♀ , Arthur’ s Pass , 900m, 26 I 1978, G. Kuschel, litter ; Nelson: 1♂ , Kahurangi NP, Arthur Range, a bo ve Fl ora S ad dl e, 10 00m, 41″11.35 1′ S 172″44.456′E, 28 XI–19 XII 2005, Nothofagus forest, FMHD#2005-044 , FIT, A. Newton, M. Thayer, ANMT site 1156; 1♂ 1♀ , Karamea River , estuary, 30 XII 2010, J. Nunn, under driftwood after flood; 1♂ , Slaters Rd, 0.7km s Whangamoa Saddle , 410m, 13 XII 1984 – 4 I 1985, Nothofagus forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 703, FIT & window trap ; Otago Lakes : 1♂ , Mt. Algidus nr Methven, T. Hall , 3 II 1914; 1♂ , Lake Wakatipu, T. Hall , III 1914; 1♂ , Staircase, T. Hall , 14 III 1914; 2♀♀ , Mt. Alfred near Paradise , 3 II 1914, T. Hall; 1♀ , Heaven’ s Gate , n of L. Wakatipu, 3 II 1914, T. Hall; 6♀♀ , Staircase, Remarkables , 15 III 1914, T. Hall; 2♀♀ , Mt. Dick , w of L. Wakatipu, 10 III 1914, T. Hall ; Marlborough Sounds : 1♂ , Queen Charlotte sd, Bay of Many Coves , 24 X–26 XII 1993, J.W.M. Marris, Malaise trap; 1♂ , Tennyson Inlet, west side Te Mako Bay , 125m, 15 XII 1984 – 5 I 1985, Nothofagus-podo-hdwd, A. Newton, M. Thayer 710, FIT & window trap; 1♂ , Okiwi Bay , IX 1984, T. Jones, Malaise trap; 1♀ , 70km ne Nelson, Tennyson Inlet, 480m, 27 V 1982, FMHD#82-604 , Beech forest , litter, S. Peck; Westland: 2♂♂ , 1.8km n Punakaiki , 50m, 19 XII 1984 – 20 I 1985, hdwd-podo-nikau forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 719, window trap; 1♂ , 1.8km n Punakaiki , 80m, 19 XII 1984 – 20 I 1985, hdwd forest with nikau, A. Newton, M. Thayer 718, FIT & window trap; 3♂♂ , Okuku Scenic Reserve, 9.2km sse Kumara , 120m, 8–19 I 1985, podocarp-hdwd forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 731, FIT & window trap; 1♂ , 1.5km n Punakaiki , 50m, 19 XII 1984 – 20 I 1985, hdwdnikau forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 720, window trap; 2♂♂ 2♀♀ (1♂, slide-mounted), Westland NP, saddle, 10.2km ne Fox Glacier , 405m, 9–18 I 1985, hdwd-podocarp forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 735, litter; 2♀♀, Lake Kaniere rd, 2.8km nw Lake Kaniere , 120m, 8–19 I 1985, podocarphdwd forest, A. Newton, M. Thayer 732, litter; 2♀♀ , L. Mahinapua Scen Res, 30m, 16–22 III 1980, podocarp mixed broadleaf, A. Newton, M. Thayer, litter; 1♀, Hokitika Lake Mahinapua Res, 28 I 1978, S. & J. Peck, bracket fungi berl; 1♀ , Okuku Scenic Reserve , 46.7km W Otira, 75m, 42′43S 171′14E, #050, litter, 12 I 1998, C. Carlton, R. Leschen; 1♀ , 11.2km ne Franz Josef Glacier nr Lake Mapourika, 150m, Otto’ s Corner picnic area, 43′18S 170′14E, #064, coastal forest leaf litter, 15 I 1998, C. Carlton, R. Leschen; 1♀ , Gillespies Beach , 12 XI 1969, J.I. Townsend, moss ; Wellington: 5♂♂ 2♀♀ , Mana Island , 4–6 II 1994, J. Nunn, litter; 4♂♂ , Karori Reservoir , 15 II 1997, beaten from Phormium colensoi, J. Nunn ; 2♂♂ , Karori Reservoir , 10 IV 1997, J. Nunn, Phormium litter; 1♂ , Lookout Rock, Karori Reservoir , 29 IX 1994, J. Nunn, decayed gorse wood; 1♂ , Wainui Trig, Wainuiomata , 14 VIII 1993, J. Nunn, decayed wood; 1♂ , Nikau Res, Paraparaumu , 8 VI 1988, J. Nunn; 1♂ , Porirua SR, Elsdon , 18 IX 1993, J. Nunn, decayed wood; 1♂ , Tinakori Hill , 6 IX 1991, J. Nunn, litter; 1♀ , Days Bay , 22 VIII 1993, J. Nunn, litter under sedge; 1♀ , Mt. Holdsworth, Donelly Flat , 30 I 1985, H.P. McColl, under nr giant rata; 1♀ , Mt. Holdsworth , 10 XI 1952, R. Hornabrook .

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Sagola species by the following combination of characters: body small, length 2.1–2.3 mm; posterior frontal fovea large round, as large as eye; temporal lobe of male head distinctly projecting, exceeding eye, with C-shaped ventral surface; ventral surface of male head with triangular setose process behind mouthparts; male neck with round ventral depression anteriorly; shape of antennomeres and genitalia unique to species.

Redescription. Length 2.1–2.3 mm. Body brown, antennae, legs, maxillary palpi,and elytra paler ( Fig. 75a ). Head: Male head triangular, widest across temples ( Fig. 75d ). Female head bluntly triangular, widest across eyes. Antennomere 1 approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, 2 longer than wide, 3 subquadrate, 4–8 longer than wide, 9–10 subquadrate. Frontal sulcus deep, reaching midpoint of eye ( Fig. 75d ). Anterior frontal fovea oval, partially covered by frontal rostrum ( Fig. 75d ). Eye large and prominent, approximately one-half length of temple ( Fig. 75d ). Temporal lobe of male head distinctly projecting, exceeding eye, with C-shaped ventral surface ( Fig. 75d ). Ventral surface of male head with triangular setose process behind mouthparts ( Fig. 75e : arrow). Thorax: Prosternum as long as wide, widest at midpoint. Elytra rectangular ( Fig. 75a ). Meso- and metathorax trapezoidal, longer than wide. Abdomen: Male tergite IV with pair of transverse patches of microtrichia reaching middle, patches absent in female. Aedeagus: Median lobe of genitalia long and curved, C-shaped vertically, as long as paramere ( Fig. 75b–c ). Phallobase of median lobe symmetrical and rounded ( Fig. 75b–c ). Parameres symmetrical and elongate with setae apically ( Fig. 75b–c ).

Type Locality. Wellington, New Zealand .

Distribution. Auckland, Buller, Fiordland, Mid Canterbury, Mackenzie, Marlborough Sounds, North Canterbury, Nelson, Otago Lakes, Westland, Wellington ( Fig.78 : black circles).

Habitat. Specimens of this species were collected using Malaise, flight intercept, and window traps or by sifting leaf litter in podocarp, broadleaf, nikau, hardwood, or Nothofagus forests.

Comments. Specimens of S. genalis can be distinguished from those of other Sagola species by their small size, large posterior frontal fovea, the shape of the ventral surface of the male head, and the antennomeres. The type specimens of S. bilobata , S. fagicola , S. minuscula , and S. pallidula share these diagnostic characters, and additional specimens have been collected at or near the type locality. For these reasons, we have placed S. bilobata , S. fagicola , S. minuscula , and S. pallidula in synonymy with S. genalis .

Figures

Fig. 75. Sagola genalis (genalis species-group). a) Habitus, dorsal view, b) Aedeagus, dorsal view, c) Aedeagus, lateral view, d) Dorsal surface of male head, e) Ventral surface of male head (arrow indicates round depression with dense setae). Scale bar a = 1 mm, b–e = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 78 Known collection localities of New Zealand Sagola species. S. genalis: black circles; S. flemingensis: triangle; S. snaresensis: black square; S. opercularis: star.