Archamia bleekeri

Fraser, Thomas H., 2013, A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha), Zootaxa 3714 (1), pp. 1-63 : 6-18

Archamia bleekeri

Synonyms: Apogon notata Day, 1868 ; Archamia goni Chen & Shao, 1993 ; Kurtamia bykhovskyi Prokofiev, 2006

Figures 1–13 , 16–19 , Table 1

Material examined: Apogon bleekeri Lectotype RMNH 33905 , (52.8) Indonesia, P. Bleeker, digital from film xray . Paralectotypes RMNH 33906 , (3, 44.7–56.5), same data as lectotype, digital from film x-ray. Archamia goni Paratype BPBM 34886 , (1, 46.8), Taiwan southwestern end, Yungan . Paratype NTM S.12991.001, (2, 52.0–55.7), Tung-Kung , Taiwan, digital from film x-ray. Apogon notata Syntypes BMNH 1867.11.6.2–4, (3, 46.0–49.5), Madras , India. AMS I.41858–037, (1, 34), Australia, Queensland, Iluka Marina , N side of Clarence River , 29°25'03"S 153°21'20"E. AMS I.20904–071, (3, 41.4–48.3), Australia, Queensland, Cape Ferguson, Inside Aims Boat Harbor, 19°17'S 147°04'E , FNQ 79–2 , 4 Feb 1979, 3 m. BPBM 35808 , (1, 43), Lombok , Sorongjunkung, Indonesia, 21 Feb 1984 . BPBM 36159 , (1, 25), Masirah I., Oman, E side . NTM S.13958–020, (2, 41–45), Singapore, Changi Point , 1.391667°N 104°W, digital from film x-ray . USNM 276669 , (1, 50), Pulau Nias , Sumatra, Indonesia, digital x-ray . USNM 356403 , (1, 39), Sri Lanka, Lunawa , CCK 69–11&12, 6 Dec 1969, digital x-ray . USNM 356291 , (310), Sri Lanka, Hikkaduwa , CCK 69–102, 15 m, 13 Mar 1970, (1, 38) cleared and counter stained . WAM 31304.003 , (5, 46–52), Indonesia, Bintan I., Offteluk Sumpati, 01°2'N 104°32'E .

Comparative material: Holapogon maximus BMNH 1889.4.15.22 (1, 179), Oman, Muscat, digital from film x-ray. Pterapogon kaudneri UF 182070, (1, 49.6), Indonesia, Masepe I., 02°03'0.3"S 123°45'33'0.7"E, 4 Apr 2004, cleared and stained. Quinca mirifica UF 173741, (1, 50.5), Aquarium raised, 12 Oct 2006, cleared and stained. Centropomus undecimalis UF 40063, (1, 37.6), USA, Florida, Brevard Co., cleared and counter stained. Centropomus parallelus USNM 128752, (1 of 3, 238), Panama, canal zone, Chagres River, digital from film x-ray. Centropomus mexicanus USNM 204701, (2 of 4, 196–227), Dominica, digital from film x-ray. Lates calcarifer USNM 44768, (1, 143) Myanmar, digital from film x-ray. Lates mariae MRAC P 53738, (1, 71), Lake Tanganyika, cleared and stained. MRAC P90912, (1, 74) Lake Tanganyika. Lates microlepis MRAC P 90835, (1, 79), Lake Tanganyika, cleared and stained. Lates niloticus MRAC P 94008, (1, 87), Democratic Republic of Congo, Luluo River. Lates stappersii BMNH 1971.6.23.76, (1, 107), Lake Tanganyika, digital from film x-ray. MRAC P90928, (1, 36.5), Lake Tanganyika. USNM 176298, (1, 80), Lake Tanganyika, digital from film x-ray.

Diagnosis. An apogonine: hypurals 1 and 2 fused together, hypurals 3 and 4 fused together, all fused to terminal centrum without urostylar sheath; 2 nd through 7 th ribs with expanded flanges; soft anal-rays 15–17; basicaudal dark spot not larger than pupil; body translucent in life, without stripes or bars.

Description. Body compressed; eye large; mouth slightly oblique, two dorsal fins ( Fig. 1A–E ).

Dorsal-fin VI–I,9; spines slender, none robust, VII total as VI(0)–I; three supraneurals, first anterior to first neural spine, second between neural spines 1 and 2 and third between neural spines 2 and 3, all supraneurals with slightly expanded tips; first proximal-middle radial without procumbent spine, first proximal-middle radial between neural spines 2 and 3, second and third proximal-middle radial between neural spines 3 and 4; single supernumerary spine associated with first proximal-middle radial ( Figs. 2A & 3A , as homologous with a second supernumerary spine), first spine long, slender spine nearly as long as second spine; middle radials fused to proximal radials 1–13, free 14–16; distal radials 1–5 free, proximal-middle radial 6 with long distal arm, distal radial 6 fused to proximalmiddle radial 7 ( Fig. 3D ) not bearing remnant spine or nubbin below skin; last distal radial with two fin-rays supported by bony stay ( Fig. 6B ). See Table 1 for axial skeleton relationships between neural spines and dorsal elements.

Anal-fin spines slender with II spines, single supernumerary spine, second spine serially associated with first proximal-middle radial ( Figs. 2A & 4A , as homologous with a second supernumerary spine); first proximal-middle radial longer than second, both rod-like tips, first and second proximal-middle radials in advance of haemal spine of centrum 11 ( Figs. 4A & 5B ); first proximal-middle radial not articulating proximally with centrum 10 ( Figs. 4A & 5B ); first proximal-middle radial with curved anterior flange ( Fig. 4A ); first haemal spine and following interhaemal gap as 2/4 ( Figs. 4A & 5B ); soft anal rays all branched, 15–17, last ray split to its base; middle radials fused to proximal radials 1–6, free 7–16; distal radials all free; last distal radial with two fin-rays supported by bony stay ( Fig. 6F ). See Table 1 for axial skeleton relationships between haemal spines and anal fin elements.

Vertebrae 10+14 ( Fig. 2A , Table 1); open haemal arches on vertebrae 6–10, arch on sixth vertebra short and narrow, arches on seventh to ninth vertebrae short, but expanded to fill gap between proximal head of ribs ( Fig. 7A ), tenth arch narrow, without flaring; epineurals articulate with vertebrae 1–2, then with ribs on vertebrae 3–8, absent on last two ribs; ribs on third to tenth vertebrae; first rib slender, rod-like without flanges its proximal tip articulating on neural arch of third vertebrae; second rib with narrow flanges mostly rod-like distally, its proximal tip articulating just above mid-centrum; third rib with wider flanges than second rib mostly rod-like distally, its proximal tip articulating just below mid-centrum; fourth rib to sixth rib widely expanded proximally and slender, rod-like distally, progressively wider and deeper, articulating on modified haemal arches expanded to enclose wide proximal tip ( Figs. 4A & 7A ); seventh rib wide flanges proximally grading to short rod-like distal tip, haemal arch slightly wider anteriorly and without posterior expansion; eighth rib short, flanges narrower than seventh rib and without narrow rod-like distal end, articulating with slender haemal arch.

Hypural complex ( Figs. 2A & 8A ): Hypural 5 free, hypurals 1–4 fused as a plate with urostylar centrum, urostyle without sheath over fused hypurals 3+4; free parhypural with long apophysis, proximal central cartilage; three epurals, anterior two with expanded proximal ends; both pairs of uroneurals absent; preurals 2 and 3 without autogenous haemal spines; low neural crest on preural 2; two flat distal cartilages just anterior to neural and haemal spines of preural 3, one flat distal cartilage between haemal spine of preural 3 and parhypural, one flat distal cartilage between neural spine of preural 3 and first epural, one ball-shaped free cartilage distal to haemal spine of preural 2; spines on preural 3 thicker and longer than spines on preural 4; 8 dorsal and ventral procurrent rays, not spinous, articulating with cartilages, haemal spine of preural 2 and epurals, no procurrent spur on posterior most ray; 9+8 principal caudal rays, articulating with parhypural to fifth hypural, 8+7 branched; caudal fin forked, some small scales on base of rays.

A single pelvic spine, five branched rays, inner edge of fin with short anterior attachment to abdomen; proximal portion of spine with a rod projection on inner sides, not meeting through pelvic foramen.

Pectoral girdle ( Fig. 9A ): posttemporal margin with slight serrae, arms about same length articulating with neurocranium, small posterior foramen near ventral edge; large extrascapular with three foramina, one near each proximal and distal end, one central; supracleithrum articulating with posttemporal, overlapping upper portion of cleithrum; coracoid and scapula separate, closely associated with cleithrum; scapula with a large central foramen and smaller foramen near distal edge; strut of coracoid meets inner side of cleithrum about 20% up from ventral tip of cleithrum; large upper postcleithrum mostly covered by expanded cleithrum; lower postcleithrum barely articulating with upper postcleithrum; four radials, one articulating with coracoid and three with scapula; pectoral rays usually 14, rarely 13 or 15, with upper and lower two rays unbranched.

Ventral gill arches: proximal cartilaginous end of first basibranchial articulates with anterior end of second basibranchial and sandwiched between paired anterior ends of first hypobranchials; cartilaginous end of second basibranchial articulates with anterior end of third basibranchial dorsal to cartilaginous tips of paired anterior ends of second hypobranchials; third basibranchial long, partly sandwiched between the second hypobranchial, posterior end ventral to the third hypohyals with long narrow cartilage extending toward the paired fifth ceratobranchials.

Dorsal gill arches ( Fig. 10C ): first (suspensory) pharyngobranchial centrally ossified with cartilage tips and without tooth plate, connection to cartilage tip of first epibranchial; two rudiments and five rakers on first epibranchial; interarcual cartilage from unicinate process of first epibranchial to dorso-lateral end of second pharyngobranchial; second pharyngobranchial with elongated tooth patch and proximal cartilage tip; distal end of second epibranchial rising and curving over proximal end of second pharyngobranchial to articulate with medial cartilage on edge of third pharyngobranchial; third epibranchial with two proximal cartilages on tips, distal end with broad cartilaginous tip articulating with proximal end of third pharyngobranchial; elongate tooth patch on third epibranchial; fourth epibranchial with a single proximal cartilage tip, distal end with cartilaginous tip articulating with proximal end of third pharyngobranchial; third pharyngobranchial large, mostly bearing teeth; fourth pharyngobranchial absent, as small tooth plate supported dorsally by the fourth epibranchial.

Gill arch dentition: gill rakers on outer shoulders of hypobranchial, ceratobranchial and epibranchial of first arch, rudiments along inner edges, no tooth plates between each gill raker, all gill rakers with fine teeth along inner edge; first pharyngobranchial without tooth plate or rudiments; second arch with pseudo-gill rakers on outer shoulder of hypobranchial and ceratobranchial grading to short gill rakers, rudiments on inner shoulder of second arch, no tooth plates but rudiments near proximal end on second epibranchial, second pharyngobranchial with long, narrow tooth plate; rudiments and flat tooth plates (wider than tall) on the hypobranchial and ceratobranchial of third arch, three tooth plates on outer edge of third hypobranchial, tooth plates on both sides of third ceratobranchial, one small tooth plate near distal end of third epibranchial, largest tooth plate on third pharyngobranchial; one outer row of small tooth plates on fourth ceratobranchial; fourth pharyngobranchial absent, tooth plate present; fifth ceratobranchial with large tooth plate over most of its surface, inner posterior third with row of larger teeth than on rest of tooth plate.

First gill arch rudiments and raker variation: upper rudiments1–2, upper rakers 4–5, lower rakers 16–17 lower rudiments 0, all rakers 20–21, rakers and rudiments 22–23.

Hyoid series ( Fig. 11A ): Seven branchiostegals, anterior three on ventral edge of anterior ceratohyal, two on face of anterior ceratohyal, two on face of posterior ceratohyal; anterior ceratohyal foramen absent, with loss of dorsal portion of bone; anterior ceratohyal and posterior ceratohyal with smooth adjoining medial edges; dorsal hypohyal ossified with cartilaginous strip ventrally connecting with ossified ventral hypohyal; basihyal toothless, distal end cartilaginous, proximal end dorsal to dorsal hypohyals with short ligament to upper edge of cartilaginous end of first basibranchial; urohyal wide, with anterior process.

Preopercular edges serrate, preopercular ridge smooth, angular at corner with two broad crenulae above; edge of posttemporal serrate; interopercle, subopercle and opercle smooth.

Eyes with pair of mostly cartilaginous scleral ossicles.

Six infraorbitals, shelves on third or third and fourth infraorbitals ( Fig. 12A ); two foramina in first infraorbital, following infraorbitals with single foramen in each; all distal edges smooth.

Villiform teeth on premaxilla in 2–3 rows; villiform teeth on dentary in 2–3 rows becoming two rows on side; vomer with 2–5 villiform teeth in single row; palatine with one short row; no teeth on basihyal or ectopterygoid; rostral cartilage behind symphysis of premaxilla; maxilla excluded from border of mouth; supramaxilla absent.

Neurocranium ( Fig. 13A & B ): low short frontal crests with flanges along midline of frontals posterior to mesethmoid, frontals with four foramina for nerves enervating sensory neuromasts in the supraorbital canal; large supraoccipital crest extending over eye; basisphenoid well developed.

Scales deciduous, often missing in preserved material; cycloid on nape, cheek, opercle, part of breast, in front and just behind pectoral fin; weakly ctenoid scales ( Fig. 16B ), mostly peripheral ctenoid scales from row above lateral line, including lateral-line scales and rest on body; fourth lateral-line scale ( Fig. 16B ) with small upper and lower pores, three small foramina, two on upper side, one on lower side; anterior pelvic scale ctenoid, posterior scale cycloid; pelvic axillary scale present; no scales extending onto pectoral fin; 3–4 scales on caudal fin; predorsal scales 5–6; pored lateral-line scales 24; row above lateral line 24; transverse row above lateral line 2; transverse row below lateral line 6; circumpeduncular scales 5+2+5 = 12; no scaly sheath at base of second dorsal or anal fin, small scales between larger ones along fin bases.

Anterior naris round with short tube, posterior naris oval, close to edge of orbit ( Fig. 17B ); naris with underlying simple ossification broadening distally from narrow trough.

Pseudobranchiae present, exposed.

One pyloric caeca.

Cephalic pores patterns incomplete ( Figs. 17B , 18B & 19B ): Snout to nape: anterior supra-orbital pore back off edge of snout; series of small pores on central interorbit on sides of area without intervening free neuromasts; two interorbital pores along rim of eye; few pores visible on supratemporal and nape regions. Snout to opercle: lachrymal with an anterior slit-like pore below and behind the anterior naris, two large slit-like pores on lower edge, several small pores under the eye, several small pores along ventral edge above maxilla. Dentary to articular: dentary with an anterior medial pore and ventral medial pore.

Cephalic free neuromasts incomplete ( Fig 16B , 17B & 18B ): Dorsal aspect, two irregular rows from preorbit to interorbit with short vertical rows on each side; nape poorly represented; lateral aspect, a long single row on infraorbitals reaching cheek, various short vertical and horizontal rows from around nares, on lachrymal, infraorbitals and onto cheek; ventral aspect multiple longitudinal rows.

Swim bladder with anterodorsal oval; no anterior or posterior modifications associated with neurocranium or first anal proximal-middle radial.

Color pattern. In life ( Figs. 1A & B ), head and body without striped or barred patterns; body translucent; snout, lips, lower jaw a greenish yellow; internal color along the anterior back bone and upper peritoneum yellow; dark basicaudal spot not larger than pupil; no stripes or other marks in dorsal, anal pectoral or pelvic fins; stomach and intestine blackish; part of peritoneum silvery with melanophores. Post mortem and preservative ( Figs. 1 C-E), head and body tan; a small dark basicaudal spot, no other dark markings on head or body; fins pale; stomach and intestine black; peritoneum silvery with melanophores.

Remarks. Gon & Randall (2003b) reported VII,9 dorsal fin elements in their diagnosis of Archamia bleekeri , undoubtedly a typographical error for VI–I,9. Characters used to distinguish Archamia from the other species were outlined by Chen & Shao (1993), Gon & Randall (2003b), Bergman (2004) and Prokofiev (2006). Ten specimens from Sri Lanka to Taiwan were examined by radiographs, including the lectotype of Apogon bleekeri and a paratype of Archamia goni Chen & Shao 1993 . All had fused hypurals, lacked uroneurals and had expanded ribs on the fifth to tenth vertebra (a clear apomorphic character).

The description given above shows that Archamia has a number of derived characters. Fused hypurals, no urostylar sheath, loss of the first pair of uroneurals, wide lateral expansion of the ribs, long first dorsal spine and lack of body markings on the head and body except for the basicaudal spot are apomorphic. Basal apogonid characters limited in appearance for Archamia (Table 2). Table 1 provides comparative axil skeleton, supraneural and proximal-middle radial positions. The proximal-middle radial bearing the dorsal spine of the second dorsal fin is angled forward about 45 degrees and has an elongate distal arm. This proximal-middle radial is not clearly between the seventh and eighth neural spines and is counted with the proximal-middle radial in the gap between the sixth and seventh neural spines. Contrasted possible synapomorphic characters for Archamia and the new genus are discussed in the remarks section of the new genus.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Archamia bleekeri A–E: A. Durban, South Africa, by D. King. B. El Nido, northern Palawan, Philippines, by G. Allen. C. RMNH 33305, Lectotype, Indonesia. 52.8 mm SL, by T Fraser. D. BPBM 27640, 45 mm SL, Kovalam, India, by J. Randall. E. USNM 276669, 49.2 SL, Pulau Nias, Sumatra, Indonesia, by T. Fraser. Taeniamia leai F–K: F. Adult, near Noumea, New Caledonia, by R. Myers. G. Adult, Lord Howe I., by N. Coleman. H. Juvenile, New Caledonia, by G.R. Allen. I. USNM 356269, 55 mm SL, One Tree I., Queensland, Australia. J. F308, Syntype, 68 mm SL, Norfolk I., by T. Fraser. K. Figure of Archamia leai, syntype, 68 mm SL, by E. R. Waite, 1916 from Plate 45.

FIGURE 2. Radiographs as positives. A. Apogon bleekeri, RMNH 33905, lectotype, 52.8 mm SL, Indonesia by D. Smith. B. Archamia leai, USNM 356272, 53 mm SL, One Tree I., Australia by S Raredon. C. Holapogon maximus, BMNH 1889.4.15.22, 179 mm SL, Muscat, Oman, by T. Fraser. Insets of each caudal skeleton. Hypurals = 1–5, terminal centrum = tc, tenth vertebrae = Ą, length of anterior supernumerary spine = [.

FIGURE 3. Anterior and mid-dorsal fin elements. A & D. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. B &E. Taeniamia leai, USNM 306823, 55.0 mm SL, bone stain only. C & F. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL. supraneurals = S1–3; neural spines = 1–3, 6–9; proximal-middle radial = P1–2, 5–8; distal radial = R; fused radials = FR; dorsal spines = I–III V– VII and IX; shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Radiographs as positives of the lower mid-section of the body and anterior anal fin elements. A. Archamia bleekeri, NTM S.13958.020 by H. Larson. B. Taeniamia leai, USNM 356277 by Sandra Raredon. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 372503 by Sandra Raredon. D. Holapogon maximus, BMNH 1889.4.15.22 by T. Fraser. tenth vertebrae = 10, flange = f, ribs = r4–12, proximal-middle radials = mp1–5, nubbin = n, supernumerary spines = S, = serial spine with respect to anteriormost proximal-middle radial = I, homologous positions with respect to serial proximal-middle radials 1 or 2 = s1–2.

FIGURE 5. Lateral views of vertebrae 9–12 with haemal arches and associated ribs, haemal spines and proximal portions of the anal fin pterygiophores. A. Taeniamia macroptera, USNM 171228, 54.0 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL. = tenth vertebra = 10, = haemal arch = HA, = haemal spine = HS, ribs = R8−10, inferior foramen = IF, tips of anal fin proximal radials = 1–10, shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Last few fin elements of the dorsal and anal fins. A & E. Taeniamia leai, USNM 306823, 55.0 mm SL, bone stain only. B & F. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. C & G. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL. D & H. Kurtus gulliveri, USNM 217309, ~50 mm SL. d = distal radial; fr = fin ray, m = middle radial, p = proximal radial, p+m = cartilage not free from proximal radial, shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. A. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, anterior eleven vertebra, ribs and epineurals. B. Taeniamia leai, USNM 306823, 55.0 mm SL, anterior eleven vertebra, ribs and epineurals (not counter stained). C. Taeniamia leai, USMN 306823, 55 mm SL, partial portions of ribs 1–4 enlarged to show narrow flanges on ribs 2–4. D. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL, vertebra 3–6, ribs and epineurals (starting on v4 and ending on v6). Epineurals in red and cartilage in blue. Vertebra number on centrum = 1, 3, 5, 11, rib number = R3. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Caudal fin elements from third pre-ural centrum. A. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. B. Taeniamia leai, USNM 306823, 55.0 mm SL, only cleared and stained. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL. D. Kurtus gulliveri, USNM 217309, ~50 mm SL. Numbers refer to upper and lower procurrent (5–14) and principle caudal-fin rays (8–9). terminal centrum = ct, epural = e, = hypural = h, neural crest = nc, = neural spine = ns, parhypural = p, preural centrum = pu, urostylar sheath = us = paired uroneurals = u, fused elements = +, paired uroneurals in solid black, cartilage in gray. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle. A. Archamia bleekeri USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, left side. B. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL, left side. extrascapular = E, posttemporal = PT, supracleithrum = SC, = cleithrum = CL, coracoid = CO, scapula = S, radials = R, upper postcleithrum = UP, = lower post cleithrum = LP, shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Dorsal view of the upper branchial bones, all similarly sized. A. Apogon townsendi AMNH 23513, modified from figure 41B, Rosen and Patterson (1990). B. Taeniamia leai USNM 306823, 55 mm SL, bone stain only. C. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. D. Kurtus gulliveri, AMNH 43396, modified from figure 46A, Rosen and Patterson (1990). E. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL. F. Taeniamia buruensis USNM 112112, 62.0 mm SL. second epibranchial = E2, interarcual cartilage = IC, third pharyngobranchial = P3, shaded areas = cartilage stain.

FIGURE 11. Hyoid series. A. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, outer right side laterally reversed. B. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63 mm SL, outer left side. upper hypohyal = UH, lower hypohyal = LH, branchiostegals = BR1–7, = beryciform foramen = BF, anterior ceratohyal = AC, posterior ceratohyal = PC, interhyal = IH. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Dorsal view of infraorbitals with shelves. A. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, right side. B. Taeniamia leai, USNM306823, 55 mm SL, left side laterally reversed. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63 mm SL, right side. infraorbital = 1–6, shelf = S. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Semi-diagrammatic fourth lateral-line scales, left side, growth rings not shown. A. Taeniamia leai, USNM 356272, 53 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 276669, 50 mm SL. C. Kurtus indicus UF 182306, 94 mm SL, scale enlarged 7.6X. D. Kurtus indicus UF 182306, 94 mm SL, lateral-line scale at size for size comparison with scale illustrated for Archamia bleekeri. Scale for A, B and D = 1 mm., Scale for C = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 17. Partial dorsal view of pores and free neuromasts (dots). Scales = 1 mm. A. Taeniamia leai, semi-diagrammatic, free neuromasts (dots) obscured or missing, USNM 356269, 65.1 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, semi-diagrammatic, some pores and free neuromasts (dots) obscured or missing on head, USNM 276669, 50.0 mm SL.

FIGURE 18. Partial lateral views of the head. Scale = 1 mm. A. Taeniamia leai, semi-diagrammatic for pores, free neuromasts obscured or missing, pores missing on cheek, USNM 356269, 65.1 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, semi-diagrammatic, pores and free neuromasts (dots) obscured or missing on part of cheek and behind eye, USNM 276669, 50.0 mm SL.

FIGURE 19. Ventral view of left dentary from mental to articular pores. Scale = 1 mm. A. Taeniamia leai, semi-diagrammatic for pores, free neuromasts obscured or missing, USNM 356269, 65.1 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, semi-diagrammatic, for pores, free neuromasts (dots), dentition of premaxilla partially visible. USNM 276669, 50.0 mm SL.