Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengensis Morlet, 1891

Inkhavilay, Khamla, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak, 2017, Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 330, pp. 1-40 : 28-32

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2017.330

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FDFA7FAC-FC92-404B-9058-A426DAB6C693

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DAD35F-693D-EF17-FE55-AA6DFAE323CD

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengensis Morlet, 1891
status

 

Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengensis Morlet, 1891 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Fig , 9 View Fig C–D, 12D–F, 13A–H, 14A–B; Table 1 View Table 1

Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891a: 27 View in CoL . Type locality: “Xieng-Mai et les forêts des bords du Ménam

Pinh, Laos occidental” (banks of Ping River, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand). Amphidromus contrarius var. multifasciata Fulton, 1896: 78 View in CoL , pl. 7, fig. 5. Type locality: Cambodia. Amphidromus xiengensis var. clausus Pilsbry, 1900: 195–196 View in CoL , pl. 63, figs 79−82. Type locality: Laos

Mountain, Cambodia.

Amphidromus porcellanus var. xiengensis View in CoL – Fulton 1896: 79.

Amphidromus xiengensis View in CoL – Morlet 1891b: 232, 240–241, pl. 5, fig. 4. — Ancey 1898: 134. — Pilsbry 1900: 194–195, pl. 63, figs 75–76. — Fischer-Piette 1950: 159. — Laidlaw & Solem 1961: 564– 565. — Solem 1965: 626–627, pl. 2, figs 7-13.

Amphidromus xiengensis var. clausus View in CoL – Solem 1965: 626, pl. 2, figs 11–13.

Amphidromus xiengensis var. multifasciatus – Pilsbry 1900: 195, pl. 63, fig. 77. — Solem 1965: 626.

Material examined

The species was described based on material from Muséum ( MNHN) ex. A. Pavie Collection and did not include an illustration. Morlet (1891b) subsequently re-published the description and illustrated a single specimen. There is a single specimen of L. Morlet in the MNHN collection with an original label stating “Type”. Fischer-Piette (1950: 159) wrote the “ holotype, 38 mm ”, which we consider to be an inadvertent lectotype designation ( ICZN 1999: Art. 74.5). Therefore, lectotype MNHN-IM-130306224 ( Fig. 8A View Fig ) was designated by Fischer-Piette (1950: 153) to stabilise the name.

Type material

CAMBODIA: lectotype of var. “ multifasciata ” Fulton, 1896, NHMUK 19601458 ( Sutcharit et al. 2015: fig. 11f); paralectotypes, NHMUK 19601459 (2 shells).

CAMBODIA: lectotype of var. “ clausus ” Pilsbry, 1900, ANSP 31496 ( Fig. 11D View Fig ); paralectotypes, ANSP 252752 (2 shells).

Other material

LAOS: 1 shell, Xieng-Moi (W Laos) ( NHMUK 1893.12.8.40, ex. Dautzenberg collection); 32 shells, Ban Phon Pai, Bachieng District, Champasak ( CUMZ 7030); 9 shells, Thad Phasoam, Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak ( CUMZ 7031); 6 shells, Ban Oudom, Pakbeng District, Oudomxay ( CUMZ 7032); 7 shells, Mouhot’s Tomb, E bank of Kan River, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang ( CUMZ 7033); 2 specimens, in ethanol ( Figs 9 View Fig C–D, 14A–B), Thad Kacham Waterfall, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang ( CUMZ 7035); 4 shells ( Fig. 13E View Fig , CUMZ 7036), 2 specimens, in ethanol ( Fig. 12 View Fig D−F, CUMZ 7037), Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang; 1 specimen, in ethanol, Thad Khaungsy Waterfall, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang ( CUMZ 7039).

CAMBODIA: 1 shell, Dautzenberg collection ( RBINS); 3 shells, Lao Moutains ( NHMUK 19601539, ex. Cuming Collection).

THAILAND: 1 shell ( Fig. 13B View Fig , CUMZ 7050); 1 shell ( Fig. 13C View Fig ), Tam Chiang Dao, Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai ( CUMZ 7034); 1 shell ( Fig. 13F View Fig ), Pha Tang, Pong District, Prayao ( CUMZ 7052); 3 shells ( Fig. 13 View Fig G–H), Doi Phou Nang National Park, Chiangmouan District, Phayao ( CUMZ 7038).

Description

Shell sinistral, conical to elongate conical, rather thick and glossy. Spire conical; apex acute with brown or black spot on tip. Whorls 6 to 7 slightly convex; suture depressed; last whorl rounded. Periostracum thin and corneous. Last whorl with reddish to brown Band 1; Bands 2 and 3 as concurrent slanted brownish blotches continuous to expanded lip; Bands 4 and 5 with brownish spiral bands; Band 6 absent or yellowish to reddish. Parietal callus transparent or weakly thickened and white. Aperture subovate; peristome rather thick and expanded; lip whitish. Columella thickened, perpendicular and white. Umbilicus narrowly opened to perforated.

Radula

Each row contains about 157 (79-(21-17)-1-(17-21)-77) teeth. Central tooth monocuspid, with spatulate shape. Lateral teeth bicuspid; endocone with elongate shape, curved cusp and separated from truncated or curved cusps of ectocone by wide notch, teeth gradually transformed to tricuspid marginal teeth. Marginal teeth tricuspid starting around teeth number 17 to 21 outwards; endocone curved and pointed cusps; mesocone large, with truncate or obtuse cusps; ectocone small, of triangular shape, with pointed cusp. Outermost teeth with pointed cusps on endocone; mesocone large, with curved cusps; extocone sometimes with serrated shape ( Fig. 12 View Fig D−F).

Genital organs

Atrium (at) somewhat short (n = 5). Penis (p) long, cylindrical and enlarged at middle. Epiphallus (e) cylindrical, two times as long as penis; flagellum (fl) short, one third as long as epiphallus; appendix

absent. Penial retractor muscle (pr) thickened and relatively short. Vas deferens (vd) small tube, connecting epiphallus and free oviduct ( Fig. 14A View Fig ).

Internal penial wall corrugated into weak penial pilasters, which form fringe around penial verge. Penial verge conical, rough surface and orifice open near tip ( Fig. 14B View Fig ).

Vagina cylindrical, long, slender, about 1.5 times as long as penis. Gametolytic duct long, proximal to genital orifice of same diameter as vagina and distally tapering; distal to genital orifice very small tube of about same length as proximal part and connected to gametolytic sac. Oviduct and albumin gland very large ( Fig. 14A View Fig ).

Internal wall of vagina shows longitudinal vaginal pilasters (vp); pilasters vary narrow and thin throughout vaginal length ( Fig. 14B View Fig ).

Distribution

The species is widely distributed and can be found in several habitats such as forests, fruit orchards and limestone areas between latitudes 14° and 16° N.

Remarks

Amphidromus xiengensis differs from A. areolatus and A. zebrinus in having a larger shell, reddish Band 1, concurrent slanted and brownish blotched Bands 2 and 3, and brownish spiral Bands 4 and 5. In contrast, the other two species have a smaller shell, Band 1 absent and Bands 2 and 3 merged and becoming brownish slanted blotches in A. zebrinus or brownish slanted blotches with a flame shape in A. areolatus . It differs from A. eudeli Ancey, 1897 ( Fig. 13N View Fig , syntype RBINS 617427) and A. fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898 ( Fig. 13I View Fig , holotype SMF 7641) in having a white peristome, reddish Band 1, and Bands 2 and 3 usually separated. In comparison, A. fuscolabris shows a purplish-pink peristome, yellowish Band 1, Bands 2 to 5 merged and roseated Band 6, while A. eudeli exhibits a brownish lip, yellow color Band 1 and Bands 2 and 3 usually merged.

Two subspecific entities have been proposed; we, however, recognize them as a single biological species, A. xiengensis .

1. Typical form: Band 1 reddish to brownish; Bands 2 and 3 concurrent slanted brownish blotches continuous to expanded lip; Bands 4 and 5 brownish spiral band; Band 6 absent ( Fig. 13 View Fig A–C).

2. var. “ multifasciata ” Fulton, 1896: similar to the typical form, but Band 1 yellowish; Bands 2 and 3 usually divided into several smaller bands; Band 6 reddish ( Fig. 13 View Fig G–H; Sutcharit et al. 2015: fig. 11f–g).

3. var. “ clausus ” Pilsbry, 1900: similar to the typical form and var. “ multifasciata ”, but Bands 2 and 3 have disappeared and turned to a pinkish stain on the second half of the last whorl ( Fig. 13 View Fig D−F).

MNHN

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

NHMUK

Natural History Museum, London

ANSP

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

CUMZ

Cameroon University, Museum of Zoology

RBINS

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Mollusca

Class

Gastropoda

Order

Stylommatophora

Family

Camaenidae

Genus

Amphidromus

Loc

Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengensis Morlet, 1891

Inkhavilay, Khamla, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak 2017
2017
Loc

Amphidromus xiengensis var. clausus

Solem A. 1965: 626
1965
Loc

Amphidromus xiengensis var. multifasciatus

Solem A. 1965: 626
Pilsbry H. A. 1900: 195
1900
Loc

Amphidromus porcellanus var. xiengensis

Fulton H. C. 1896: 79
1896
Loc

Amphidromus xiengensis

Morlet L. 1891: 27
1891
Loc

Amphidromus xiengensis

Solem A. 1965: 626
Laidlaw F. F. & Solem A. 1961: 564
Fischer-Piette E. 1950: 159
Pilsbry H. A. 1900: 194
Ancey C. F. 1898: 134
Morlet L. 1891: 232
1891
Loc

Amphidromus contrarius var. multifasciata

Amphidromus contrarius var. multifasciata Fulton, 1896: 78
Amphidromus xiengensis var. clausus Pilsbry, 1900: 195–196
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