Aschiphasmatidae

Hennemann, Frank H., 2021, Stick insects of Sulawesi, Peleng and the Sula Islands, Indonesia- a review including checklists of species and descriptions of new taxa (Insecta: Phasmatodea), Zootaxa 5073 (1), pp. 1-189 : 169-174

Aschiphasmatidae : Aschiphasmatinae : Aschiphasmatini

Orthomeria Kirby, 1904

Orthomeria forstenii ( Haan, 1842: 114) .

Phylliidae : Phylliinae : Phylliini

Cryptophyllium Illiger, 1789

Cryptophyllium celebicum ( Haan, 1842: 111) .

Phyllium Illiger, 1789

Phyllium mamasaense Grösser, 2008: 124 , figs.

Phyllium sp. *

Lonchodidae : Lonchodinae : Lonchodini

Acanthomenexenus Brock & Hennemann, 2009

Acanthomenexenus alienigena ( Günther, 1938: 73, fig. 12). n. stat.

Acanthomenexenus exiguus ( Günther, 1938: 72, fig. 13). n. stat.

Acanthomenexenus horridus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 249).

Acanthomenexenus luwuensis ( Günther, 1938: 68, figs. 8–9).

Acanthomenexenus maribulla ( Günther, 1938: 65, figs. 4–6).

Acanthomenexenus sarasinorum ( Günther, 1938: 70, figs. 10–11).

Acanthomenexenus toliensis ( Günther, 1938: 67, fig. 7).

Gibbopromachus n. gen.

Gibbopromachus tripinnatus (Redtenbacher, 1908: 352) . n. comb.

Hermagoras Stål, 1875

Hermagoras celebensis ( Hennemann, 1998: 100, pl. 3: figs. 8–10, fig. 6). n. stat.

Leprocaulinus Uvarov, 1940

Leprocaulinus digitatus n. sp.

Leprocaulinus heinrichi ( Günther, 1935a: 6, pl. 1: 4–5). n. comb.

Leprocaulinus sulawesiense n. sp.

Leprocaulinus vipera vipera ( Kaup, 1871: 39) .

Mnesilochus Stål, 1877

Mnesilochus bodiense n. sp.

Mnesilochus luwuense n. sp.

Mortites Günther, 1935

Mortites enarges Günther, 1935a: 13 , pl. 2: 9.

Myronides Stål, 1875

Myronides tomohonense n. sp.

Neomyronides n. gen.

Neomyronides aberrans ( Günther, 1938: 77, fig. 15). n. comb.

Neomyronides emiri ( Hennemann, 1998: 104, pl. 1: 7–8, pl. 2: 5, 6, 8, figs. 7–10). n. comb.

Neomyronides obsolefactum ( Günther, 1938: 4, pl. 1: 2). n. comb.

Paramanduria n. gen.

Paramanduria celebensis (Günther, 1935: 14, pl. 2: 10). n. comb.

= Prisomera nodosum Günther, 1938: 79 , figs. 16–17. n. syn.

Periphetes Stål, 1877

Periphetes borealis n. sp.

Periphetes forcipatus ( Bates, 1865: 338)

= Lonchodes duivenbodei Kaup, 1871: 30 , pl. 2: 3.

= Dixippus furcatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 279.

= Periphetes sangirensis Dohrn, 1910: 408 .

Periphetes parastatidon Günther, 1935a: 11 , pl. 1: 7–8.

Lonchodidae : Necrosciinae : Necrosciini

Asceles Redtenbacher, 1908

Asceles rufescens Redtenbacher, 1908: 546 .

Calvisia Stål, 1875

Calvisia (Conocalvisia) hippolyte ( Westwood, 1859: 182)

= Calvisia octolineata Redtenbacher, 1908: 570 . n. syn.

= Necroscia reductipennis Redtenbacher, 1908: 561 . n. syn.

Elicius Günther, 1935

Elicius microbasileus Günther, 1935a: 17 , pl. 2: 11.

Hemiplasta Redtenbacher, 1908

Hemiplasta aptera Günther, 1938: 90 , figs. 21–22.

Hemiplasta flavifrons n. sp.

Hemiplasta nigra ( Hennemann, 1998: 108, fig. 12, pl. 3: 5). n. comb.

Hemiplasta parva n. sp.

Hemiplasta rostrata Redtenbacher, 1908: 550 . rev. stat.

Hemiplasta sarasinorum Günther, 1938: 88 , figs. 19–20.

Hemiplasta styligera ( Bates, 1865: 354, pl. 45: 1).

Moritasgus Günther, 1935

= Eubias Günther, 1935

Moritasgus stresemanni Günther, 1935a: 20 , pl. 2: 13.

= Eubias athlius Günther, 1935a: 22 , pl. 2: 14.

Necroscia Gray, 1835

Necroscia aruana ( Westwood, 1859: 134, pl. 39: 4)

= Aruanoidea bipunctata Redtenbacher, 1908: 524 .

Necroscia frondosa ( Bates, 1865: 353) . n. comb.

Necroscia hariola ( Günther, 1935a: 23, pl. 2: 15). n. comb. **

Necroscia malleoformia n. sp.

Nescicroa Karny, 1923 rev. stat.

Nescicroa heinrichi Günther, 1935a: 25 , pl. 2: 17. rev. comb.

Nescicroa rammei ( Günther, 1935a: 26) . rev. comb.

Nescicroa rufescens Hennemann, 1998: 109 , pl. 4: 7–8, figs. 14–15. rev. comb., n. stat.

Nescicroa splendida n. sp.

Otraleus Günther, 1935

Otraleus hypsimelathrus Günther, 1935a: 28 , pl. 2: 18).

Planososibia Seow-Choen, 2016

Planososibia lysippus ( Westwood, 1859: 136, pl. 39: 3). ***

= Sosibia dubia Redtenbacher, 1908: 537 .

= Sosibia macera Redtenbacher, 1908: 536 .

= Sosibia solida Redtenbacher, 1908: 536 .

Scionecra Karny, 1923

Scionecra agrionina ( Bates, 1865: 356, pl. 45: 9).

Singaporoidea Seow-Choen, 2017

Singaporoidea albilateralis Hennemann, 1998: 110 , pl. 3: 3–4. n. comb.

Singaporoidea fruhstorferi Günther, 1938: 85 , fig. 18. n. comb.

Singaporoidea inconspicua (Redtenbacher, 1908: 522) . n. comb.

Singaporoidea janus ( Bates, 1865: 354, pl. 45: 5). n. comb.

Singaporoidea macra (Redtenbacher, 1908: 523) . n. comb.

Singaporoidea normalis (Redtenbacher, 1908: 547) . rev. stat., n. comb.

Singaporoidea pumila (Werner, 1934: 4) . n. comb.

Singaporoidea tenella ( Günther, 1935a: 234, pl. 2: 16). n. comb.

Singaporoidea sp. ****

Sipyloidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893

Sipyloidea sipylus ( Westwood, 1859: 138, pl. 18: 4).

Phasmatidae : Clitumninae : Clitumnini

Ramulus Saussure, 1862

= Clitumnus Stål, 1875

= Dagys Günther, 1935

= Dubreuilia Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907

= Paraclitumnus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893

Ramulus extensus n. sp.

Ramulus globosicaput (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 192).

= Dagys balia Günther, 1935a: 3 , pl. 1: 1.

Ramulus melanurus n. sp.

Ramulus supernumerarius (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 261). n. comb.

= Cuniculina melanocephala Carl, 1913: 18 . n. syn.

Ramulus togianense n. sp.

Ramulus torajanus n. sp.

Ramulus sp. *****

Phasmatidae : Phasmatinae : Phasmatini

Paracyphocrania Redtenbacher, 1908

Paracyphocrania lativentris Redtenbacher, 1908: 466 .

Phasma Lichtenstein, 1796

= Cyphocrana Leletier de Saint Fargeau & Serville, 1828

= Cyphocrania Burmeister, 1838

= Papuanoidea Werner, 1930

Phasma marosense Hennemann, 1998: 124 , pl. 4: 9–10, fig. 23.

Phasmatidae : Megacraniinae : -

Ophicrania Kaup, 1871

= Apterrhidaeus Karny, 1923

= Arrhidaeus Stål, 1875

Ophicrania bojei ( Haan, 1842: 125, pl. 13: 3). n. comb. ******

Phasmatidae : -: -

Dimorphodes Westwood, 1859

Dimorphodes celebensis Redtenbacher, 1908: 367 . rev. stat.

Dimorphodes elegans n. sp.

Dimorphodes epidicus ( Günther, 1935a: 5, pl. 1: 3). n. comb.

Dimorphodes sarasini Redtenbacher, 1908: 367 . rev. stat.

= Dimorphodes bellicosus Redtenbacher, 1908: 365 .

Phasmatidae : Platycraninae : Platycranini

Platycrana Gray, 1835

= Platycrania Burmeister, 1838

Platycrana viridana (Olivier, 1792: 636)

= Phasma edule Kichtenstein, 1796: 3 , 77.

= Phasma grandis Thunberg, 1815: 295 .

= Phasma jamaicensis Stoll, 1813: 15 , pl. 6: 20.

= Mantis viridis 1800 : pl. 10.

= Necroscia moderata Kirby, 1884: 477 , fig.

Phasmatidae : Platycraninae : Stephanacridini

Nesiophasma Günther, 1934

= Mylothrus Günther, 1935

Nesiophasma oligarches ( Günther, 1935a: 18, pl. 2: 12).

Nesiophasma spinulosum (Brunner v. Watttenwyl, 1907: 254).

= Nesiophasma eremothocus Günther, 1934: 6 , fig. 1.

Nesiophasma turbans (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 186)

Heteropterygidae : Dataminae: Datamini

Pylaemenes Stål, 1875

Pylaemenes moluccanus (Redtenbacher, 1906: 51) .

Heteropterygidae : Obriminae: Obrimini

Miroceramia Günther, 1934

Miroceramia westwoodii ( Bates, 1865: 345) .

= Miroceramia pterobrimus Günther, 1934c: 284 .

* This refers to the ♂ from the island of Buton in the authors collection (coll. FH, No. 0673-1). The specimen was re-corded and illustrated as “ Phyllium (Phyllium) sp. Buton” by Cumming, Le Tirant & Hennemann (2019: 7, figs. 24 & 45).

** Already Günther (1935a: 24) was in doubt that S. hariola belongs in the genus Sipyloidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. Although Sipyloidea as composed currently, obviously is a polyphyletic assemblage it is obvious that this species is not congeneric with the type-species S. sipylus ( Westwood, 1859) . Examination of the genital morphologyof the unique holotype ♂ most clearly shows resemblance to certain members of the genus Necroscia Gray, 1835 , hence S. hariola is here transferred to that genus now being Necroscia hariola (Günther, 1935) n. comb.. Morphological characters of the conspicuously swollen terminalia and that place S. hariola in Necroscia are the elongated abdominal tergum IX, which is notably longer than tergum VIII as well as the lateral basal swellings of the anal segment and obtusely club-like, incurving cerci.

*** This record is most certainly based on a misidentification. Unfortunately, the specimen from Tolitoli, Northern Su-lawes in the collection of ZMPA and referred to as “ Sipyloidea macera Redtenbacher, 1908 ?” (a junior synonym of Planososibia lysippus ( Westwood, 1859)) by Günther (1938: 88) could not be examined for the present study. Already Günther was in doubt about the identity of this unique ♀ and described a yellowish green insect with a wholly smooth mesothorax and laterally compressed cerci, that strongly resembles Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904) n. comb.. These characters do not at all fit the Bornean P. lysippus , nor the genus Planososibia Seow-Choen, 2016 . Thus, the species and genus and with quite some certainty erroneous records for Sulawesi but any confirmed decision must await detailed examination of the specimen concerned.

**** This refers to the two ♂♂ from Toli-Toli in ZMPA and ♂ from Buol in NHMB which were misidentified as Siyloidea tristis (Redtenbacher, 1908) by Günther (1938: 84). For further comments see entries on erroneous records below .

***** This refers to ♂ from Mapane in NHMB that was misidentified as Ramulus redemptus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) by Günther (1938: 60). For further comments see entries on erroneous records below .

****** Examination of the holotype ♀ of Haan’s bojei and the distribution in Wallacea (Sulawesi and Ambon according to Redtenbacher, 1908: 372) leave no doubt it is misplaced in Graeffea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1868, a Pacific Ocean genus that is apparently polyphyletic in its present composition (Hennemann, 2021). In fact, Haan’s species is a fairly typical representative of the genus Ophicrania Kaup, 1871 , which is for instance seen in the unarmed mesothorax. Therefore, it is here transferred to that genus and now becomes Ophicrania bojei ( Haan, 1842) n. comb..

Erroneous and doubtful Sulawesian records

The following five species have previously been recorded from Sulawesi in error. Research has shown these records are either due to misidentified specimens, misreading of data labels or misinterpretations of geograhic names. For details see chapter for each species below.

Dimorphodes mancus Bates, 1865: 345 , pl. 44: 3 & 8. This species was originally described from the island of Bacan (formerly Batchian) east of Halmahera in the northern Maluku Province. Redtenbacher (1908: 366) recorded it from Sulawesi based on specimens in the collection of NHMW. However, since no Sulawesian specimens are present in this nor in any other collection this record must be regarded erroneous.

Neonescicroa puella (Redtenbacher, 1908: 563) . Hennemann (1998: 122) erroneously listed this species for Sulawesi for an unknown reason. This species is endemic to Borneo.

Nescicroa smaragdula ( Bates, 1865: 357, pl. 45: 7) rev. comb. This species was described from three ♂♂ all in the collection of OXUM. Two of these are from “Gilolo”, which is an old name for the island of Halmahera and one from “Batchian”, which is the old name for Bacan island west of Halmahera. The false record for Sulawesi is based on Redtenbacher (1908: 560), who misinterpreted “Gilolo” as Celebes. Males in the authors collection from Bacan Island match very well with the type specimens. Like several other taxa, this species is here transferred back to the reinstated Nescicroa Karny, 1923 (rev. comb.) .

Ophicrania brunni (Redtenbacher, 1908) . Günther (1938: 59) recorded this species from Sulawesi, perhaps because of misinterpreting the locality “Palapa” given by Redtenbacher (1908: 378) as Palopo. Bresseel & Bushell (2009: 59) listed it in their chrecklist of Philippine Ophicrania -species and showed that Palapa in fact is a historic port at the northern coast of Samar Island, Philippines. Altrhouh the holotype male is not traced in the collection of ZMUH, the original description suggests strong similarity and close relation to some Philippine members of the genus, e.g. O. stygius ( Westwood, 1859) .

Paranecroscia rivalis (Redtenbacher, 1908: 562) . Hennemann (1998: 122) erroneously listed this species for Sulawesi. This species is endemic to Borneo.

Phasma gigas (Linné, 1758) . Hennemann, Conle & Suzuki (2015: 48) have stated the records from Macassar, Sulawesi by Redtenbacher (1908: 467) based on two ♀♀ in the collections of MHNG and NHMW not to be based on misidentified specimens of Ph. marosense Hennemann, 1998 . Examination of the concerned specimens has shown both to be Ph. gigas . However, since Ph. gigas has not been encountered from Sulawesi subsequently and there are also no records from Peleng or the Sula islands, the accuracy of these records deserves evaluation and must be regarded as doubtful. Although this species has a very wide distributional range, all other known and confirmed records are west of Weber’s line ( Hennemann, Conle & Suzuki, 2015: 62, fig. 129).

Ramulus redemptus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907). Examination of the ♂ from Mapane in the collection of NHMB and referred to as “ Baculum redemptum ?” by Günther (1938: 60) has shown this to be a distinct species. This rather small and very slender specimens might well repreent an as yet undescribed species that is very similar to R. torajanus n. sp. but some of the taxonomically important characters are shriveld. This was most certainlycaused by the specimen being a fairly recently moulted and provisionally preserved in spirits. Therefore, it is left without a name at this place. More fresh material will be necessary for properly defining any specific morphological characters that allow distinction from closely related species. From R. redemptus this ♂ readily differs by the very slender and acuminate semi-terga of the anal segment, which are broad and obtusely angular in redemptus . Thus, Ramulus redemptus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) is an erroneous record for Sulawesi.

Rhamphosipyloidea tristis (Redtenbacher, 1908: 548) n. comb. The two ♂♂ from Toli-Toli in ZMPA and ♂ from Buol in NHMB and referred to as Siyloidea tristis Redtenbacher, 1908 by Günther (1938: 84) are apparently misidentified. Günther was in doubt about their identity and mentioned the anal segment differed considerably from the original description of tristis. Actually, comparison with the holotype ♂ of S. tristis from the island of Balabac near Palawan in NHMW supports Günther’s doubt. The morphology of the terminalia places Redtenbacher’s species in the genus Rhamphosipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908 , why it is here transferred to that genus and now is Rhamphosipyloidea tristis n. comb.. The specimen is very similar to R. philippa (Stål, 1877) and R. brevipennis (Redtenbacher, 1908) and might be synonymous. The latter species was described from a unique ♀ also from the island of Balabac and is most likely the opposite sex of tristis . Any broader discussion on the synonymies of Philippine Rhamphosipyloidea -species however should await revision of this particular genus.

Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904: 77) . This species was originally described from the island of Obi. All other records that can definitely be assigned to S. poeciloptera are from throughout the southern half of the Maluku islands, the Bismarch Archipelago, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (→ see comments and notes on distribution above). All records from Sulawesi ( Günther, 1935b, 1938; Hennemann, 1998) relate to S. normalis (Redtenbacher, 1908) , which is here removed from synonymy with S. poeciloptera . Thus, S. poeciloptera is an erroneous record for Sulawesi.

Checklist of Phasmatodea of Peleng

A first checklist of the 13 species, so far recorded from the island of Peleng is provided. No Phasmatodea have so far been recorded from the other islands of this archipelago east of Sulawesi. Detailed information, like type-specimens, localities and citations is available in the Phasmida Species File Online (http:// Phasmida .SpeciesFile.org) hence not reproduced here. All taxonomic changes are conducted and explained in detail in the main section of this paper.