Lychnocephalus tomentosus Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 83)

Loeuille, Benoît, Semir, João & Pirani, José R., 2019, A synopsis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae), Phytotaxa 398 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

4. Lychnocephalus tomentosus Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 83) . Lychnophora tomentosa (Mart. ex DC.) Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 369) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: in campis sterilibus, Serro Frio, 25 May 1818, C.F.P. von Martius 1313 (515) (holotype: M e! [M0029487]; isotype: P [P02513407 (fragment)]) ( Fig. 20 E ).

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Minas Gerais, in the Diamantina Plateau and Serra do Cipó). Campo rupestre; 1000–1360 m.

Taxonomic Notes: —A common species, easily recognized by its robust habit, petiolate leaves, glabrous adaxial surface when aged and capitulum with 5–10 florets. Closely resembling L. mellobarretoi : see that species for a discussion of the differences.

Representative species: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Congonhas do Norte, Serra do Cipó, Serra Talhada , 6.8 km SW da estrada Congonhas do Norte–Gouveia , entrada a 3.7 km NW de Congonhas do Norte, 18°50’33”S, 43°45’32”W, 1200 m, 19 January 2007, B . Loeuille et al. 68 ( K, SPF, US); Diamantina, Córrego Soberbo , rodovia BR 367 , 23 October 1999, G . Hatschbach et al. 69584 ( MBM, NY, SPF, US); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , P. N . da Serra do Cipó, Serra da Bandeirinha , 10 September 1987, C . Kameyama et al. CFSC 10562 ( F, K, MBM, MO, RB, SPF) .

XI. Lychnophora Martius (1822: 148) . Type (designated by Coile & Jones (1981: 531)):— Lychnophora salicifolia

Mart.

Haplostephium Mart. ex Candolle (1836: 78) . Type:— Haplostephium passerina Mart. ex DC. (= Lychnophora passerina (Mart. ex DC.) Gardner (1846: 230)) .

Lychnophoriopsis Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 375) . Type:— Lychnophoriopsis heterotheca Sch. Bip. (= Lychnophora candelabrum Schultz-Bipontinus (1863: 345)) .

Episcothamnus Robinson (1981: 210) . Type:— Episcothamnus candelabrum (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob. (= Lychnophora candelabrum Sch. Bip. ).

( Fig. 21 B , 22–27 )

Treelets, often candelabriform, shrubs, rarely subshrubs, unfrequently caulirosula and rarely decumbent; stems moderately branched. Indumentum lanate to villose or tomentose, composed of 3- to 5-armed trichomes, infrequently swollen, rarely T-shaped and unbranched trichomes. Leaves alternate, sessile, rarely inconspicuously petiolate ( L. villosissima ), sheathless, blade usually ericoid, coriaceous, discolorous, margin entire, revolute, apices often mucronate, venation usually eucamptodromous, brochidodromous or mixed, sometimes hyphodromous. Inflorescence a terminal, pedunculate or sessile, solitary syncephalium (second-order) or rarely a congested spike of capitula. Capitula sessile. Involucre cylindrical, rarely campanulate or ovoid; phyllaries (2–)4–6(–7)-seriate, strongly to weakly imbricate, persistent or rarely caducous ( L. crispa ), pubescent or rarely glabrous; receptacle naked to foveolate, rarely fimbrillate. Florets 1–25; corolla purple, tube longer, equal or shorter than limb; corolla lobes glabrous, rarely pubescent; anthers calcarate; style lacking basal node. Cypsela prismatic or infrequently cylindrical, glabrous (rarely sparsely strigose); carpopodium inconspicuous; pappus biseriate, rarely uniseriate, paleaceous, stramineous or seldom whitish, outer series shorter than inner series or residual, persistent, inner series caducous, twisted, rarely absent. Chromosome number: n = 17, 18.

Taxonomic notes: —One of the largest genera of the subtribe, with 23 species from the campos rupestres of the Brazilian Central Plateau. Phylogenetic analyses helped to clarify the circumscription of Lychnophora ( Loeuille et al. 2015b) . Lychnophoriopsis and Haplostephium are here considered as synonyms of Lychnophora and species with a leaf sheath are excluded from our concept of Lychnophora . As circumscribed, the genus is monophyletic and recognized mainly by the following combination of characters: treelets frequently candelabriform or rarely shrubs, with sheathless revolute leaves, indumentum of 3- to 5-armed trichomes, terminal second-order syncephalium (except for L. candelabrum and L. hatschbachii ), and glabrous (rarely sparsely strigose) prismatic cypselae with a biseriate (rarely uniseriate) pappus whose inner series is paleaceous, twisted, and caducous. Most of the species circumscriptions adopted here are those of Semir (1991) and Semir et al. (2011). Hybrids in this group are not uncommon. Further taxonomic studies and population analysis are needed for an improvement of species delimitations.

Figures

FIGURE 20. Hololepis pedunculata. A.Head.Lychnocephalus sellowii. B. Inflorescence.C. Habit.L.humillimus. D.Habit.L.tomentosus. E. Habit. L. mellobarretoi. F. Inflorescence. A. by P.M. Gonella. B.–C., E.–F. by B. Loeuille. D. by W. Milliken.

FIGURE 21. Geographic distribution of A. Lychnocephalus and B. Lychnophora.

FIGURE 22. Lychnophora candelabrum. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. L. gardneri. C. Syncephalium. L. martiana. D. Habit. L. ericoides. E. Habit. L. granmogolensis. F. Habit. L. hatschbachii. G. Inflorescence. A.–C., E.–F. by B. Loeuille. D. by M.M.T. Cota. G. by J.E.Q. de Faria Júnior.

FIGURE 23. Lychnophora grisea. A. Side-branches. B. Syncephalium. C. Rosette. D. Syncephalium. L. uniflora. E. Habit. F. Syncephalium. A., D. by I.M. Franco. B.–C., E. by B. Loeuille. F. by N. Roque.

FIGURE 24. Holotype of Lychnophora grisea Loeuille, Semir & Pirani (SPF221400).

FIGURE 25. Lychnophora pohlii. A. Habit. B. Syncephalia. L. haplopappa. C. Leaves. D. Habit. E. Syncephalium. L. rosmarinifolia. F. Leaves. A.–B. by J. Lovo. C.–F. by B. Loeuille.

FIGURE 26. Holotype of Lychnophora haplopappa Loeuille, Semir & Pirani (SPF216064).

FIGURE 27. Lychnophora ramosissima. A. Syncephalium. L. salicifolia. B. Habit. L. pinaster. C. Syncephalium. D. Habit. L. passerina. E. habit. L. villosissima. F. Habit. L. rupestris. G. Syncephalium. A. by H. Ogasawara. B. by J.R. Pirani. C.–D. by P.M. Gonella. E. by M. Mercadante. F. by J.E.Q. de Faria Júnior. G. by B. Loeuille.