Chronopappus lanatus Loeuille, Semir & Pirani, 2019

Loeuille, Benoît, Semir, João & Pirani, José R., 2019, A synopsis of Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae), Phytotaxa 398 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

2. Chronopappus lanatus Loeuille, Semir & Pirani , sp. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lassance, Serra do Cabral, Morro do Tigre, estrada Joaquim Felício - Várzea da Palma , 26.4 km de Joaquim Felício, 1 km em ramal à esquerda, 17°42’34.1”S, 44°19’25.2”W, 1093 m, 27 April 2012, B. Loeuille et al. 623 (holotype: SPF [ SPF214895 ]; isotypes: BHCB, K, RB, US) ( Fig. 13 D–F , 14 ).

Species simile Chronopappo bifronti foliis petiolatis, supra muricatis sed in pagina superiore indumento persistenti (non glabrescenti ubi vetustiore), capitulis breviter petiolatis (non sessilibus) et costis cypselarum hispidulis (non glabris) differt.

Treelet up to 1.5 m; bark ± fissured longitudinally. Leaves with petiole 0.7–2.6 cm long, flattened, lanate; blade narrowly ovate to elliptic, 4.8–9.8 × 2.2–4.2 cm, midrib prominent abaxially, furrowed, adaxial surface green to dark green, canescent, lanate to subpanate, abaxial surface dirty white, lanate, scrobiculate, apex acute or rarely slightly obtuse, base rounded to slightly cordate. Inflorescence 6.5–22.5 cm long, panicle sparsely branched, lateral branches 1.8–5.9 cm long, more or less congested into glomerules of 6–15 capitula; bracts leaf-like, lanate. Capitula subsessile to shortly petiolate; peduncle 3–4 mm long, with foliose subinvolucral bracts 2–4, 5.9–10.9 × 1.5–7.5 mm, leaf-like, wide obovate, lanceolate or frequently spathulate, densely lanate; involucre 7.7–9.5 mm tall, 4–5.5 mm diam., phyllaries 3–4-seriate, stramineous, apex acute to acuminate, upper part lanate; outer phyllaries ovate, 4.3–5.1 × 1–1.7 mm; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate, 8–9.5 × 0.5–1 mm long; receptacle flat, with some isolated fimbriae to c. 0.8 mm, sometimes highly reduced. Florets 10–11; corolla purple, corolla tube 5.8–7 × 0.9–1.1 mm, glabrous, corolla lobes 4.5–5.3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, villous, glandular-punctate, apex acute; anther dark purple, apical anther appendages trullate, acute, anther base sagittate, acute; style shaft 7–11.8 mm long, purple, glabrous throughout except for pubescent upper ca. 1.1 mm beneath style-arms, style-arms 2.9–3.7 mm long, apex acute, pubescent outside, hairs acute, style-base glabrous. Cypsela 2.5–3 × 1.2–1.5 mm, strongly 10-ribbed, glabrescent, ribs sparsely hispidulous, densely glandular-punctate; pappus setae, outer series 0.5–1.8 mm, inner series 5.3–6.6 mm.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Minas Gerais, known only from the Serra do Cabral). Campo rupestre; c. 1093 m.

Conservation status: —According to results obtained through GeoCAT analysis ( Bachman et al. 2011) (EOO = 0 km 2; AOO = 4 km 2; using a cell size of 2 km 2), the species is classified as Critically Endangered. Nevertheless, the only known collection of the species may not allow a confident evaluation of its conservation status. Thus, we suggest this species should be classified as Data Deficient (DD) ( IUCN 2017). The area is under threat of forestry plantation ( Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. ) ( Hatschbach et al. 2006), and the only known population was found at the border of a protected area (Parque Estadual da Serra do Cabral).

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the persistent lanate indument covering nearly the whole plant.

Taxonomic Notes: —To date, this species is only known from the type collection. Chronopappus lanatus is similar to C. bifrons but differs from the latter by its persistent canescent indument on adaxial leaf surface (vs. glabrescent), acute or rarely slightly obtuse leaf apex (vs. obtuse to rounded), heads shortly petiolate (vs. sessile) and cypselae ribs sparsely hispidulous (vs. glabrous). Available data indicate that both species are allopatric, since there are no records of C. bifrons in the Serra do Cabral.

VI. Eremanthus Lessing (1829: 317) . Type:— Eremanthus glomerulatus Less.

Vanillosmopsis Schultz-Bipontinus (1861: 166) . Type (designated by MacLeish (1987: 268)):— Vanillosmopsis glomerata Sch. Bip. (= Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish ).

( Fig. 15 , 16 , 17 A )

Treelets to trees, rarely shrubs, stems branched. Indumentum tomentose to lepidote, rarely velutinous, composed of 3- to 5-armed swollen trichomes, sometimes not swollen, rarely unbranched trichomes. Leaves alternate, sessile to petiolate, sheathless, blade strongly coriaceous to chartaceous, usually discolorous, margin entire, flat (not revolute), venation eucamptodromous, seldom brochidodromous or reticulodromous. Inflorescence a terminal, pedunculate, cyme of glomerules of capitula or cyme of syncephalia (second-order), sometimes with a secondary involucre. Capitulum commonly sessile. Involucre cylindrical or obconic, rarely ovoid or campanulate; phyllaries 4–7-seriate, strongly imbricate, persistent or rarely deciduous, pubescent, receptacle naked or rarely fimbrillate. Florets 1–11; corolla purple to white, tube longer than limb or equal, rarely shorter; corolla lobes glabrous or seldom pubescent; anthers calcarate; style lacking a basal node. Cypsela turbinate or sometimes cylindrical, rarely prismatic ( E. veadeiroensis ), glabrous or pubescent; carpopodium inconspicuous; pappus 3–5-seriate, sometimes biseriate, persistent to caducous, setose to paleaceous, stramineous, often whitish or reddish, outer series shorter than inner series, rarely subequal ( E. brevifolius ). Chromosome number: n = 15 ( E. elaeagnus ), 17 ( E. erythropappus , E. syncephalus ).

Taxonomic notes: —One of the largest genus of the subtribe, with 23 species from the cerrado and campos rupestres of the Brazilian Central Plateau. The monophyly of Eremanthus as here defined is strongly supported by molecular and morphological data ( Loeuille et al. 2015b) and the genus is characterized by the following combination of characters: trees or treelets (rarely shrubs) bearing sheathless leaves with flat margins, 3- to 5-armed swollen trichomes (very rarely absent), terminal cymose pedunculate inflorescence, turbinate or sometimes cylindrical cypselae with multiseriate usually straight pappus (rarely two series). The present circumsciption of the genus is similar to that proposed by MacLeish (1987), mainly regarding the inclusion of Vanillosmopsis and exclusion of Paralychnophora . However, in the light of the phylogenetic analyses, some species ( E. mollis , E. veadeiroensis etc.) excluded from Eremanthus by MacLeish (1984b) are here considered as members of the genus. Some problematic species delimitations have been clarified by Loeuille et al. (2012c). Hybrids are not uncommon but probably occur to a lesser extent than suggested in MacLeish (1987).

Figures

FIGURE 13. Chronopappus bifrons. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Leaf surface. Chronopappus lanatus. D. Habit. E. Inflorescence. F. Leaf surface. A., C. by M. Lusa. B., D.–F. by B. Loeuille.

FIGURE 14. Holotype of Chronopappus lanatus Loeuille, Semir & Pirani (SPF214895).

FIGURE 15. Eremanthus arboreus. A. Habit. E. argenteus. B. Syncephalia. E. erythropappus. C. Syncephalia. D. Habit. E. auriculatus. E. Habit. E. brevifolius. F. Inflorescence. E. glomerulatus. G. Syncephalia. E. elaeagnus. H. Habit.A.–H. by B. Loeuille.

FIGURE 16. Eremanthus incanus. A. Inflorescence. E. mollis. B. Syncephalium. E. hatschbachii. C. Inflorescence. E. syncephalus. D. Habit. E. mattogrossensis. E. Syncephalia. E. goyazensis. F. Flowering branches. A.–B. by M. Mercadante. C. by H. Ogasawara. D. by anonymous. E.–F. by B. Loeuille.

FIGURE 17. Geographic distribution of A. Eremanthus and B. Gorceixia.