Monalocoris, DAHLBOM, 1851

Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Knyshov, Alexander A., 2015, The tribe Bryocorini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae): phylogeny, description of a new genus, and adaptive radiation on ferns, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (3), pp. 441-472 : 464

MONALOCORIS DAHLBOM, 1851

FIGS 8, 9 , 13, 19 , 24, 33 , 50 , 63, 64, 72, 73 , 98, 99

Monalocoris Dahlbom, 1851: 209 . Type species: Cimex filicis Linnaeus, 1758 (by monotypy).

Sthenarusoides Distant, 1913: 183 (as genus). Synonymized by Carvalho, 1952: 56. Restored to subgeneric status by Linnavuori, 1975: 4. Type species by monotypy: Sthenarusoides montanus Distant, 1913 .

Diagnosis

Recognized by the following combination of characters: body elongate–oval, about three times as long as basal width of pronotum, with convex margin of exocorium; antennal segment I about one-half width of head; pronotal collar very narrow, distinctly thinner than width of antennal segment I; labium reaching at least middle of mesosternum, sometimes reaching base of hind coxa, labial segment IV claw-shaped, distinct- ly longer than wide, twice as thin as segment III, and strongly tapering from base ( Fig. 24 ); cuneal fracture deeply incised, cuneus broadly triangular to falciform, somewhat longer than width at base; membrane strongly deflected at base of cuneus; genital capsule without additional processes ( Figs 58 , 63, 64 ); right paramere simple, twice to more than three times as small as left paramere; left paramere falciform, with gradually curved and tapering apical process ( Figs 72, 73 ).

The genus clearly differs from other Bryocorini in the small sizes, broadly oval body, narrow pronotal collar, and deflected membrane. Refer to the diagnosis of Bryophilocapsus for comparative comments with that genus.

Diversity and distribution

The genus has an almost worldwide distribution and contains 19 species, including Monalocoris amamianus Yasunaga, 2000 (southern Japan, and Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces of China), Monalocoris americanus Wagner and Slater, 1952 (North America), Monalocoris bipunctipennis Walker, 1873 ( Sri Lanka), Monalocoris carioca Carvalho and Gomes, 1971 (south-eastern Brazil), Monalocoris eminulus (Distant, 1893) (southern Mexico, Peru), Monalocoris filicis (Linnaeus, 1758) (trans-Palaearctic), Monalocoris flaviceps (Poppius, 1915) (north-western Indonesia), Monalocoris fulviscutellatus Hu and Zheng, 2003 (Yunnan Province of China), Monalocoris minutus (Reuter, 1907) ( Jamaica) , Monalocoris montanus ( Distant, 1913) ( Seychelles, South Africa), Monalocoris neotropicalis Carvalho and Gomes, 1969 ( Ecuador) , Monalocoris nigrocollaris Carvalho, 1989 ( Guadeloupe) , Monalocoris nigroflavis Hu and Zheng, 2003 (Yunnan Province of China), Monalocoris nigrus Carvalho, 1981 (New Guinea), Monalocoris ochraceus Hu and Zheng, 2003 (Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China), Monalocoris pallidiceps (Reuter, 1907) (southern Brazil), Monalocoris pallipes (Carvalho, 1981) (New Guinea), Monalocoris parvulus (Reuter, 1881) (Madeira) , and Monalocoris punctipennis Linnavuori, 1975 ( Nigeria, South Sudan).

Remarks

The genus Sthenarusoides Distant, 1913 was synonymized with Monalocoris by Carvalho (1952), and subsequently restored by Linnavuori (1975) as a subgenus of Monalocoris containing all three African species: M. montanus , M. parvulus , and M. punctipennis . Linnavuori correctly pointed out that Sthenarusoides differs from the nominal subgenus by the convex and distinctly punctate hemelytron and the shape of the left paramere with strongly produced sensory lobe; however, we are not able to draw firm conclusions on the status of Sthenarusoides because of the limited material at hand.

Figures

Figures 1–9. Dorsal habitus of Bryocorini: 1, Coballorhynchus convexicollis; 2, Coballorhynchus concavus; 3, Hekista laudator; 4, 5, Bryocoris pteridis – 4, macropterous male, 5, brachypterous female; 6, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov.; 7, Bryocorella emboliata HT; 8, 9, Monalocoris filicis, females – 8, pale form, 9, dark form.

Figures 10–21. Scanning electron micrographs of particular characters: 10–14, head and pronotum in lateral view – 10, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov., 11, Dicyphus testaceus, 12, Punctifulvius kerzhneri, 13, Monalocoris filicis, 14, Bryocoris pteridis; 15–21, head and pronotum in dorsal view – 15, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 16, Nesidiocoris tenuis, 17, Punctifulvius kerzhneri, 18, Cylapus citus, 19, Monalocoris filicis, 20, Bryocoris pteridis, 21, Sinervus baerensprungi.

Figures 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of particular characters: 22–26, head and thorax in ventral view – 22, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov., 23, Bryocoris pteridis, 24, Monalocoris filicis, 25, Nesidiocoris tenuis, 26, Hekista laudator; 27–30, scutellum and hemelytra – 27, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 28, Hekista laudator, 29, Bryocoris pteridis, 30, Nesidiocoris tenuis; 31–33, evaporatory area – 31, 32, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 33, Monalocoris filicis.

Figures 46–58. Scanning electron micrographs of particular characters: 46, 47, tarsi in lateral view – 46, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov., 47, Stenotus binotatus; 48–56, pretarsus – 48, 52, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 49, 54, Punctifulvius kerzhneri, 50, Monalocoris filicis, 51, Helopeltis clavifer, 53, Nesidiocoris tenuis, 55, Pycnoderes sp., 56, Stenotus binotatus; 57, 58, genital capsule in caudal view – 57, Bryocoris pteridis, 58, Monalocoris filicis.

Figures 59–78. Male genital capsule in caudal and lateral view: 59, 60, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov., 61, Sixeonotus sp., 62, Bryocoris pteridis, 63, 64, Monalocoris filicis, 65, Pycnoderes sp.; 66–78, parameres – 66, 67, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 66, right, 67, left; 68, 69, Bryocoris pteridis, 68, right, 69, left; 70, 71, Hekista laudator, 70, right, 71, left; 72, 73, Monalocoris filicis, 72, right, 73, left; 74, 75, left paramere of Punctifulvius kerzhneri; 76, left paramere of Sixeonotus sp.; 77, 78, Sinervus baerensprungi, parameres: 77, left, 78, right.

Figures 88–103. Female genitalia: 88, 89, Diplazicoris lombokianus sp. nov., 88, posterior wall, 89, vulvar area; 90, 91, Hekista laudator, 90, vulvar area, 91, dorsal labiate plate; 92, Sixeonotus sp., vulvar area; 93, Helopeltis clavifer, dorsal labiate plate; 94–103, valvulae – 94, 95, D. lombokianus sp. nov., 94, first, 95, second; 96, 97, Bryocoris pteridis, 96, first, 97, second; 98, 99, Monalocoris filicis, 98, first, 99, second; 100, 101, Hekista laudator, 100, first, 101, second; 102, 103, Pycnoderes sp., 102, first, 103, second.