DYNASTINAE, MacLeay, 1819

Peck, Stewart B., Thomas, Michael C. & Robert H. Turnbow, Jr., 2014, The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Désirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles, Insecta Mundi 2014 (352), pp. 1-156 : 45-47

SUBFAMILY DYNASTINAE

TRIBE CYCLOCEPHALINI

Chalepides barbatus barbatus (Fabricius) 1787: 10 ( Scarabaeus ); Blackwelder 1944-1957: 253; Paulian 1947a: 73; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 590 (suggesting labelling error); Chalumeau 1982a: 343, 1983a: 216; Endrödi 1985: 172; Audreau: 2001: 426. Distribution. Barbados, Cuba, Guadeloupe (seemingly not established), Hispaniola, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Barthélemy, St. Croix, St. Lucia, St. Martin. Other subspecies are from Guatemala to Argentina; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Introduced to Lesser Antilles; or at least the southern of these islands according to Chalumeau 1983a: 216. Some records are placed in the genus Chalepus M’Leay 1819: 149 (Scarabaeidae) which is preocupied by Chalepus Thunberg 1805: 282 (Chrysomelidae) . Wolcott 1950: 263 discusses the natural history of this detritus feeding non-economic beetle in Puerto Rico.

Cyclocephala immaculata (Olivier) 1789: 29 ( Melolontha ); Paulian 1947a: 69; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 582; Chalumeau 1983a: 143; Endrödi 1985: 101. = Cyclocephala danforthi Chapin 1935: 69 of St. Martin. Distribution. Anegada, La Désirade, Guadeloupe (type locality), St. Barthélemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin. French Guiana ( Cyclocephala immaculata ferruginea (Fabricius) 1798: 170 ( Melolontha )); Lesser Antilles and Latin America .

Cyclocephala insulicola Arrow 1937: 40 ; Paulian 1947a: 70; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 586; Chalumeau 1983a: 147; Endrödi 1985: 35; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype. Distribution. Guadeloupe; single island endemic.

Cyclocephala mafaffa Burmeister 1847: 69 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 581; Chalumeau 1983a: 141; Endrödi 1985: 85; Ivie et al. 2008b: 245; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype. = Cyclocephala mafaffa grandis Burmeister 1847: 69 ; Chalumeau 1982a: 336; Chalumeau 1983a: 141 = Cyclocephala grandis Burmeister, Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 401 ; Paulian 1947a: 67 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts. S USA, Mexico to Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad; widespread New World.

Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius) 1775: 36 ( Melolontha ); Cyclocephala melanocephala rubiginosa Burmeister 1847: 59 ; Paulian 1947a: 71; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 584; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 25; Chalumeau 1978: 43, 1982a: 337, 1983a: 145; Endrödi 1985: 103; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 4, karyotype. = Cyclocephala dimidiata Burmeister 1847: 57 ; Blackwelder 1944-1957: 251 of Grenada. Distribution. Localities for the subspecies Cyclocephala melanocephala rubiginosa are: Dominica, Guadeloupe, Les Saintes, Marie-Galante, Martinique. The Grenada record may be a South American subspecies. The species ranges from the Lesser Antilles to Brazil and Argentina; Lesser Antilles and Latin America .

[ Cyclocephala rustica Olivier 1789: 27 ; Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 401 of Guadeloupe; Blackwelder 1944- 1957: 252; Chalumeau 1983a: 216 (indicating this record of Guadeloupe is an error).]

Cyclocephala tridentata (Fabricius) 1801: 170 ( Melolontha ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 401; Paulian 1947a: 68; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 587; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 149; Endrödi 1985: 99; Schiller 2004: 34; Giannoulis et al. 2011: 3, karyotype. Distribution. Barbados, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia; Dominica ( Cyclocephala tridentata dominicensis Cartwright and Chalumeau in Chalumeau 1977: 135; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 250; Chalumeau 1983a: 151; record from Dominican [Domineekan] Republic of Endrödi 1966 is an error). Colombia, Surinam; Lesser Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Dutrillaux and Dutrillaux (2012: 9) indicate that each of the populations of Guadeloupe, of Dominica, and of Martinique are a different species based on chromosomes, and that a new species name will be proposed for the Martinique population.

Dyscinetus questeli Chalumeau 1982a: 340 ; Toroult 2005: 86. = Dyscinetus picipes (Burmeister) 1847: 79 ( Chalepus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 401, of Guadeloupe, misidentification; Paulian 1947a: 72, of Guadeloupe, misidentification; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 588, of Guadeloupe; Chalumeau 1982a: 339, 1983a: 151, of Guadeloupe, misidentification; Endrödi 1985: 167; Schiller 2004: 20; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 48; Ratcliffe and Cave 2008: 6. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante; Guadeloupe archipelago, single island endemic

TRIBE DYNASTINI

Dynastes hercules (L.) 1758: 345 ( Scarabaeus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402; Paulian 1947a: 80; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 597; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 21; Chalumeau 1983a: 162; Chalumeau and Reid 2002; Schiller 2004: 20. = Dynastes lagaii Verrill 1906: 318 of Dominica. = Dynastes vulcan Verrill 1906: 319 of Dominica. Distribution. Dominica and Guadeloupe (type locality) for the nominate subspecies. The subspecies Dynastes hercules alcides (Olivier) 1789: 7 ( Scarabaeus ); Deknuydt and Romé 2012: 52 [= Dynastes hercules reidi Chalumeau 1977: 237 ; = Dynastes baudrii Pinchon 1976: 1 (nomen nudum)] is of Martinique and of St. Lucia. The full range of the species, with nine subspecies, includes these islands and from Mexico to Panama, and throughout northern South America to Bolivia and Brazil ( Chalumeau and Reid 2002; Silvestre 1996); Lesser Antilles and Latin America . It is seemingly absent on St. Vincent and Grenada. Notes. Gruner and Chalumeau (1977) summarize the biology of the species in Guadeloupe. Adults are attracted to lights, even during nights of full moon; larvae found in decaying trees. Rather common, and the largest beetle species in the Lesser Antilles. In contrast to the nominal subspecies of Guadeloupe, Dynastes hercules alcides seems to be rather uncommon. The polymorphism in the male horns led to several names being applied to this species. The species is protected by law in Martinique and Guadeloupe. Notes. Fortuné Chalumeau (pers. comm., December 2010) recognizes Dynastes alcides as a full and valid species. Dutrillaux and Dutrillaux (2012: 11) report on the caryotype of the Guadeloupe population.

TRIBE ORYCTINI

Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius) 1801: 20 ( Geotrupes ); Paulian 1947a: 76 ( Ligyrus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 591; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1982: 344, 1983a: 154; Bennett and Alam 1985: 22; Schiller 2004: 20; Valentine and Ivie 2005: 276; Ivie et al. 2008b: 245; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49. = Ligyrus antillarum Palisot de Beauvois 1805: 104 , Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402 of Guadeloupe. = Ligyrus tumulosus Burmeister 1847: 101 , Ramos 1946: 41 of Mona. Distribution. Anguilla, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, La Désirade, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Les Saintes, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mona, Montserrat, Nevis, Puerto Rico, St. Barthélémy, St. Croix, St. John, St. Martin, St. Thomas, St. Vincent. United States to Trinidad, French Guiana, Brazil; widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae a serious pest of roots of sugar cane, or may be saprophagous or coprophagous where sugar cane is absent.

Tomarus ebenus (DeGeer) 1774: 317 ( Scarabaeus ); Paulian 1947a: 76 ( Ligyrus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 592; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 26; Chalumeau 1978: 44, 1983a: 156. = Ligyrus cordatus Fabricius 1792: 31 , Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe, Hispaniola, Marie-Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Martin. Mexico , Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae feed on small tubers of Dioscoraceae and Convolvulaceae and may damage gardens.

Strategus syphax (Fabricius) 1775: 9 ( Scarabaeus ); Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 593; Chalumeau 1983a: 159; Ratcliffe 1976: 149; Schiller 2004: 20; Ivie et al. 2008b: 245. = Scarabaeus vulcanus Fabricius 1792: 11 of Guadeloupe, Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 402; Paulian

1947a: 79. Distribution. Guadeloupe, Montserrat; Lesser Antilles endemic. Not Grenada, not Dominica, not Cuba, not Hispaniola (contra Perez-Gelabert 2008: 94.)

TRIBE PHILEURINI

[ Archophileurus cribrosus ( LeConte) 1854 ; Endrödi 1985: 699 of Guadeloupe. Distribution. USA (TX) probably named for county or river of this name, Mexico ; not Guadeloupe Archipelago of Lesser Antilles. ]

Hemiphileurus laeviceps Arrow 1947: 222 ; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 171 ( Epiphileurus ); Ratcliffe and Ivie 1998: 207 (key to species); Schiller 2004: 37; Touroult 2005: 86. = Epiphileurus gysini Cartwright and Chalumeau in Chalumeau 1977: 152. Distribution. Dominica, Guadeloupe; Lesser Antilles endemic. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae in rotting logs and trees (mango, Inga spp. , etc.).

Phileurus didymus (L.) 1758: 347 ( Scarabaeus ); Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 600; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 169; Woodruff et al. 1998: 34. Distribution. Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent. Mexico to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad to Brazil; widespread Antilles and Latin America . Notes. Adults attracted to lights; larvae found in decaying palm trees.

Phileurus valgus Linnaeus 1758: 347 ; Fleutiaux and Sallé 1890: 403; Ratcliffe 1988: 52; Touroult 2005: 90 = Phileurus castaneus antillarum Prell 1912: 179 , Paulian 1947a: 82; Ivie et al. 2008b: 245. = Phileurus valgus antillarum Prell 1912: 179 ; Chalumeau and Gruner 1977: 599; Cartwright and Chalumeau 1978: 27; Chalumeau 1983a: 168 of Guadeloupe, of Dominica, and of Martinique; Turnbow and Thomas 2008: 49. = Phileurus valgus capra Bates 1889: 341 of Guadeloupe, of Martinique, of St. Martin, and of St. Barthélemy in Endrödi 1985: 726. Distribution. Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, La Désirade, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Barthélemy, St. Croix, St. Martin, St. Vincent. Venezuela. The nominate subspecies is in eastern USA and Central and South America to Argentina; widespread New World. Notes. Adults attracted to lights; adults and larvae collected in decaying logs of Inga sp. And Swietenia sp.