Thraulodes pinga, Souto, Paula Malaquias, Da-Silva, Elidiomar Ribeiro & Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, 2014

Souto, Paula Malaquias, Da-Silva, Elidiomar Ribeiro & Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, 2014, Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil, Zootaxa 3760 (4), pp. 571-578 : 575-577

Thraulodes pinga sp. nov. Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian

Diagnosis. Imago: 1) Forewings with 1 weakly marked cross vein basal to bullae ( Fig. 10 ); 2) costal and subcostal areas of forewing translucent; 3) femora of forelegs with one band and one submedian macula ( Fig. 12 ); 4) abdomen color pattern as in Figs. 3 and 4 ; 5) styliger plate possessing median projection short with wide base and truncated apex ( Fig. 13 ); 6) penes short and wide, with lateral pouch and apicolateral rounded with ear-like projection, penes spines long and narrow, projected internally and posteriorly ( Fig. 14 ).

Male imago (Holotype): Length of body: 6.0 mm; forewings: 6.6 mm; hind wings: 1.5 mm. General color brown with some translucent segments. Wings hyaline with veins yellow.

Head ( Figs. 3, 4 ): Brown, shaded with dark brown. Scapes light brown; pedicels dark brown; flagella light brown. Eyes black, turbinate portion orange; ocelli white, surrounded by black ring at base.

Thorax ( Figs. 3, 4 ): Nota brown with light brown suture. Prosternum white; mesosternum medially light brown and laterally brown; metasternum brown.

Legs ( Fig. 12 ): Legs I and II with coxae light brown; leg II with coxae dark brown. Femora of all legs with an apical transversal band heavily marked and one submedian maculae. Tibia of all legs yellowish; tibia of foreleg with apical dark mark. Tarsi and claws yellowish.

Wings ( Figs. 10, 11 ): Membrane of wings hyaline with dark brown stain at base; veins yellow. Membrane between C and Sc of forewings white on apical third. Forewings with 1 cross vein weakly marked basal and 13 distal to bullae.

Abdomen ( Figs. 3, 4 ): Terga I–VI translucent; terga VII–X brown; terga II–VI with a pair of submedian spots, a pair of midway spots and a pair of stigmatic dots; terga VI–IX with a dark oblique lateral streak; tergum VII with small dorsal dots. Sterna translucent. Caudal filaments yellowish white with dark annulations.

Genitalia ( Figs. 13, 14 ): Styliger plate wide and light brown, with posterior median projection short, with wide base and truncated apex. Forceps white; segment I with dark stain at apex and with strong constriction near the middle; inner margin of segment I with several short setae basal to constriction. Penes short and wide, with lateral pouch and an apicolateral rounded with ear-like projection; penes spines long and narrow, with 1.1x the width of penes base, projected internally and posteriorly.

Male subimago: Similar to imago, however the caudal filaments have two black annulations, one weaker than the other and the general color is paler than imago.

Female imago: Length of body: 6 mm; forewings: 7 mm; hind wings: 1 mm. General color brown. Wings hyaline with light brown veins.

Head: Brown, shaded with dark brown. Eyes black. Ocelli white, surrounding by black at base. Scapes light brown; pedicels dark brown; flagella light brown.

Thorax: Nota brown, with suture light brown. Prosternum white; median region light brown and lateral regions brown; metasternum light brown.

Legs: Similar to male, except forelegs smaller. Tarsi and claws light brown.

Wings: Membrane of wings hyaline with dark brown stain at base; veins brown. Presence of 2 cross veins weakly marked basal and 15 cross veins distal to bullae.

Abdomen: Terga brown with oblique lateral streak. Terga I–VI darker than others, with dorsal black mark. Sterna light brown. Sternum X apex with a V-shape cleft. Caudal filaments lost.

Female subimago: Similar to female imago, but with paler color. Caudal filaments similar to male subimago.

Nymph: Unknown.

Biology. Specimens of the new species live in sympatry with specimens of Thraulodes jones Gonçalves , Da- Silva & Nessimian, 2010. Thraulodes pinga sp. nov. occurs only at low altitudes, ranging between 60–80 m, flying after nightfall.

Etymology. “ Pinga ” is an informal name for cachaça, a Brazilian alcoholic beverage derived from sugarcane. Paraty, the type-locality of the holotype, is a municipality famous for its cachaça.

Type material. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State: Holotype: Paraty, Sertão do Taquari, Afluente do Rio Taquari (PA2), 23°02’30,40’’S / 44°41’45,20’’W, 01.I.2013, Souto, P.M., Hoffmann, A. & Silveira, L.F. leg. male imago ( DZRJ 2368). Paratypes: Same data, 1 male imago, pair of wings on slide ( DZRJ 2369); Same data, 1 male imago, genitalia on slide ( DZRJ 2370); Same data, 1 female imago ( DZRJ 2371); Same data, 1 female subimago ( DZRJ 2372); Same locality, 18.VIII.2012, Souto, P.M. & Gonçalves, R.S. leg., 3 male subimagos ( DZRJ 2373); Same locality, 12.X.2012, Souto, P.M. & Gonçalves, R.S. leg. 2 females subimagos ( DZRJ 2374); Same locality, 12.X.2012, Souto, P.M. & Gonçalves, R.S. leg. 1 male subimago ( DZRJ 2375).

Discussion. Thraulodes pinga sp. nov. resembles Thraulodes pelicanus , specially by the abdominal color pattern, short penes with a lateral pouch and apicolateral rounded with ear-like projection. However, the new species can be distinguished from T. pelicanus by the styliger plate format with posterior median projection short with truncate apex and the presence of one cross vein weakly marked basal to bullae. Thraulodes pelicanus has a styliger plate with posterior median projection long, almost the size of the penes, and cross veins basal to bullae are absent in forewings. Moreover, Thraulodes pinga sp. nov. has one band and one maculae on femora, while T. pelicanus has only one band.

The two new species described here can be distinguished by the styliger plate and penes format, the number of cross veins basal to bullae on forewings, the general color of the body and the abdominal color pattern. Also, the two new species will key to Thraulodes ulmeri Edmunds, 1950 in Lima et al. (2013). The new species can be distinguished from T. ulmeri by the following characters: femora with one band and maculae, being one band in T. ulmeri ; coastal membrane basal do bullae with 2–3 cross veins in T. luisae sp. nov. and 1 cross vein in T. pinga sp. nov., being 4 cross veins in T. ulmeri ; penes with shorter spines in T. ulmeri .

The key for male imagos of Thraulodes in Lima et al. (2013) may be emended by modifying the fourth couplet to separate the new species from T. ulmeri and adding two more couplets, as follows:

4(3). Penes long and slender, without lateral pouch............................................................ 5 4’. Penes short to moderate length and width, with lateral pouch................................................ 15 15(4’). Femora with one band............................................................ T. ulmeri Edmunds, 1950 15’. Femora with one band and maculae 6 16 (15’). Costal membrane basal to bullae of forewings with 1 cross vein ( Fig. 10 )................... Thraulodes pinga sp. nov. 16’. Costal membrane basal to bullae of forewings with 2 or 3 cross vein ( Fig. 5 )............... Thraulodes luisae sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 14. Thraulodes pinga sp. nov., male imago: 10) Forewing (scale: 1.0 mm); 11) Hind wing (scale: 1.0 mm); 12) Foreleg (scale: 1.0 mm); 13) General aspect of genitalia, ventral view (scale: 0.5 mm); 14) Detail of penes (left: ventral view, right: dorsal view). (Scale: 0.2 mm).

FIGURES 1 – 4. Thraulodes spp. nov., male imagos: 1) T. luisae (lateral view); 2) T. luisae (dorsal view); 3) T. pinga (lateral view); 4) T. pinga (dorsal view). Scale: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 5 – 9. Thraulodes luisae sp. nov., male imago: 5) Forewing (scale: 1.0 mm); 6) Hind wing (scale: 1.0 mm); 7) Foreleg (scale: 1.0 mm); 8) General aspect of genitalia, ventral view (scale: 0.5 mm); 9) Detail of penes (left: dorsal view, right: ventral view). (Scale: 0.1 mm).