Gonolobus barbatus Kunth, 1819

Carnevali, Germán, Romero-González, Gustavo A., Tapia-Muñoz, José Luis, Ramírez-Morillo, Ivón M., Ramírez-Díaz, Claudia J., Cetzal-Ix, William, Stefano, Rodrigo Duno De & Romero-Soler, Katya J., 2022, Twice lost, twice found: A new species of Gonolobus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) with a reappraisal of the genus in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province, Phytotaxa 530 (2), pp. 141-162 : 145

Gonolobus barbatus Kunth (1818 [1819]: 3)

≡ Vincetoxicum barbatum (Kunth) Standley (1924: 1192) .

Type:— MEXICO. Campeche: “Crescit in litore Mexicano, prope Campeche ”, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Lectotype, here designated: P-P00670906!).

Notes:— Stevens (2005b) proposed as lectotype the plate that accompanies the protologue (Humb., Bonpl. Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1819; Fig. 2a ). However, there is a specimen at P that is part of the original material ( Figure 2A ), which has priority over and supersedes the lectotype proposed by Stevens. The P specimen bears the annotation TYPE, a label with the legend “4 Gonolobus barbatus , Campeche ”. It also has the customary label identifying the collections of the H.B.K. team (“Herb. Mus. Paris. HERBIER HUMBOLDT & BONPLAND, AMERIQUE EQUATORIALE”. In the protologue, the species is identified as “4. Gonolobus barbatus ” and it states “ Crescit in litore Mexicano, prope Campeche?” Furthermore, plate XXCCCIX apparently depicts one of the three stems in this P specimen. However, the protologue of the species does not say where the type was deposited, and it is impossible to say if duplicates were (or still are) present anywhere else. Distribution of duplicates may have happened post 1818 and therefore the material examined by Kunth might have been more extensive. Thus, we have decided to designate this specimen as lectotype.

Gonolobus barbatus is locally common and widespread from Veracruz and the drier portions of the Yucatan Peninsula on the Atlantic slope and on the dry forests of Megamexico from Oaxaca and Chiapas south to Nicaragua and also in neighboring Guanacaste in NW Costa Rica. It is the only Gonolobus in the YPBP that routinely occurs in strongly seasonal, disturbed tropical dry forests and even into urban areas. The species is easily diagnosed by its conspicuously barbate petals ( Figs. 1B , 2A , 3A ).

Specimens examined:— MEXICO. Campeche: Campeche, Edzná, en las ruinas, approx. 18°34’ N, 90°14’ W, 8 m, 11 August 1983, E. Góngora 1090 (CICY, MEXU); Palmas, Cd. de Campeche, 19°52’10” N, 90°30’ W, 7 September 1998, C. Gutiérrez B. 5933 (MEXU, UCAM); 2 km noroeste de Chiná, 19°45’ N, 90°31’ W, 8 m, 13 September 1999, C. Gutiérrez B. 6680 (MEXU, UCAM); Zona Arqueológica de Edzná, 19°35’49” N, 90°13’52” W, 11 August 1983, A. Puch T. 1289 (CICY, MEXU, XAL); Unidad de evaluación y Monitoreo de la Biodiversidad de Hampolol, 19°56’30” N, 90°22’40” W, 24 April 1996, P. Zamora & D. Méndez D. 4999 (CICY, UCAM). Quintana Roo: Mun. F. Carrillo Puerto, X-Hazil, a orilla de carretera Chetumal-Felipe Carrillo Puerto en km 107, 19°21’51” N, 88° 4’ 6” W, 10–15 m, 6 August 2001, P. Macario & L. Sánchez 576 (CICY, CIQR). Yucatán: Mun. Celestún, a 10.2 km al N del hotel Ecoparaíso, 21° 0’59” N, 90°19’36” W, 14 July 2010, M. Ferrer, A. Dorantes, F. Chi & C. Pérez 178 (CICY); 5 km al N del hotel Ecoparaíso, 20°58’39” N, 90°21’23” W, 8 July 2010, M. Ferrer, A. Dorantes, F. Chi & C. Pérez 155 (CICY); 6 km al N del centro del puerto de Celestún, 20°54’48” N, 90°22’55” W, 24 June 2010, M. Ferrer, A. Dorantes, F. Chi & C. Pérez 97 (CICY); Mun. Chankom, Chankom, Casa del Sr. Mariano Caamal, 20°32’ N, 88°31’ W, 20 m, 2 March 1981, E. Ucán Ek 712 (XAL); Mun. Izamal, Izamal, 20°55’48” N, 89°00’36” W, 10–20 m, 1985, G.F. Gaumer 15699 (WIS); G.F. Gaumer 803 (BM, CAS, EAP, F, GH, K, MO, NY, P, WIS); Chiceh, 20°54’ N, 88°58’12” W, August 1916, G.F. Gaumer & et al. 23403 (F, G, GH, MO); Mun. Mérida, Jardín Botánico Regional [Roger Orellana], approx. 21°1’30” N, 89°38’30” W, 10 m, 17 September 1998, P. Simá 2243 (CICY, F, MEXU, MO); 8 December 1995, J.C. Trejo 537 (CICY); Sector NW de la Ciudad de Mérida, Colonia Montealbán, ca. 1.5 km al sur del Periférico, 21°1’20” N, 89°36’10” W, 24 September 2001, G. Carnevali 6414 (CICY, MEXU, MO); 18 August 2003, R. Duno de Stefano & G. Carnevali 1659 (CICY, MO); Mérida, Cordemex, Jardín Botánico Regional [Roger Orellana], 21°1’30” N, 89°38’30” W, 10 m, 17 September 1996, G. Carnevali, R. Durán García & P. Simá 4274 (CICY, MO); Mun. Muna, near Muna in second growth, approx. 20°29’5” N, 89°42’47” W, May-August 1938, C.L. Lundell & A.A. Lundell 8160 (CAS, F, LL, MEXU, MICH); Dzityá, 16 August 2021, G. Carnevali 8584 (CICY); Mun. Oxkutzcab, Xul, 20° 6’8”N, 89°27’36”W, 60 m, 28 September 1983, O. L. Sanabria & P. Simá 286 (CICY, MEXU, XAL); Mun. Santa Elena, Uxmal, Misión Uxmal Hotel, 21°06’00” N, 87°54’ W, 30 September 1982, S.P. Darwin 2355 (CICY, MEXU, MO, NO, NY); Hacienda Uxmal, 20°22’ N, 89°44’ W, 29 August 1981, M. Narváez S. & A. Puch T. 681 (CICY, XAL); vicinity of Sayil, 20°10’48” N, 89°39’ W, 69 m, 6 January 1982, S.P. Darwin, E. Sundell & D.A. White 2165 (MO, NO); Mun. San Felipe, 1 km al norte del rancho “Chinalco”, reserva ecológica de Dzilam, 21°31’ N, 88°17’ W, 3 m, 28 September 1991, J.C. Tun 367 (MEXU, UADY); Mun. [Tinúm], camino a las grutas de Balancanché, 20°39’30” N, 88°32’15” W, 8 m, 7 September 1983, C. Chan V. 2900 (CICY, XAL); Mun. Tizimín, en el ejido del Santa Clara el cual se encuentra a 38 km de Tizimín, approx. 21°22’20” N, 88° 3’56” W, 27 August 1986, J.A. Aguilar Z. & S. Diez Martínez y Day 365 (MEXU); Mun. Ucú, 7 km al W de Sierra Papacal, 400 m antes de la curva hacia Chuburná Puerto, 21° 8’20” N, 89°47’30” W, 5 m, 26 November 1988, F. Tun, J.A. González-Iturbe & I. Olmsted 407 (CICY, MEXU).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Gonolobus species in the Yucatan Peninsula Biotic Province (YPBP). A. Southern Megamexico, including the YPBP, and Central America. The green line is the border of the YPBP. B. Distribution of Gonolobus barbatus, G. caamalii, and G. cteniophorus. C. Distribution of G. fraternus, G. glaberrimus, and G. leianthus. D. Distribution of G. stenanthus and its subspecies.Empty circles with a black dot inside represent collections that we have been unable to refer unambiguously to subspecies because specimens are sterile or fruiting. Maps drawn and edited by Claudia J. Ramírez and William Cetzal-Ix.

FIGURE 2. Gonolobus barbatus and G. glaberrimus. A. Gonolobus barbatus. Original plate in the protologue of the species (Kunth in Humb., Bonpl.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto e.) 3: t. 239 (1819). B. G. barbatus, Lectotype, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (P-P00670906).C- D. G. glaberrimus, type collection, C. MO-078253 isotype (downloaded from http://legacy.tropicos.org/Image/27408), D. US-00111087, isotype (downloaded from https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=ark:/65665/m3b941b8915300447c9420f9259ef2d963&defaultView=im age_dynamic).

FIGURE 3. Gonolobus species of the YPBP.A. Gonolobus barbatus (based upon G. Carnevali 8584, CICY). B. G. cteniophorus (based upon G. Carnevali 7547, CICY). C. G. fraternus (based upon L. Ibarra-González s.n. (unvouchered)). D. Gonolobus leianthus (B.K. Holst s.n, SEL). E-F. Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. stenanthus (based upon L. Ibarra-González 603, CICY). G-I Gonolobus stenanthus subsp. yucatanensis (G based on Diana Beas s.n., unvouchered. H. based upon M.A. Caamal 01, CICY; I. (Based upon G. Carnevali et al. 8377, CICY, GH, MO). Photographs: A-B and I, G. Carnevali. C and E-F, León Ibarra González. D, Bruce K. Holst, downloaded from https:// www.naturalista.mx/observations/35867653) G, Diana Beas, downloaded from https://www.naturalista.mx/observations/54694745; H, Miguel Ángel Caamal.