Lychnophora spiciformis Loeuille & Siniscalchi, 2016
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.253.1.3 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF262A-FFBF-E833-FF35-FBC7FB09085A |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Lychnophora spiciformis Loeuille & Siniscalchi |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Lychnophora spiciformis Loeuille & Siniscalchi View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 )
Species L. passerinae similis , sed inflorescentia spiciformi e capitulis vel glomerulis capitulorum composita (nec syncephaliis solitariis) et capitulis trifloris (nec unifloris) differt.
Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia : Ibicoara, Chapada Diamantina, Estrada para Cachoeira do Buracão, área com elevações, sob linha de transmissão elétrica, 13°23’45.97” S, 41°13’51.33” W, 1032 m, 1 May 2013, C. M. Siniscalchi & C. T. Oliveira 349 (holotype SPF, isotypes UEC, US).
Description: —Treelet, 0.5–1.5 m tall, erect, ericoid, sparsely branched; branches flexuose, delicate, tomentose, brownish to greyish; leaf scars semicircular, without tuft of trichomes. Leaves alternate, sessile; blade subulate to lanceolate, arched, 4.5–8.4 mm × 1.2–1.9 mm, venation hyphodromous, midrib prominent abaxially on the proximal part, adaxially canaliculate on the proximal part, glabrous, adaxial surface dark green to dark grey, glabrous or glabrescent, abaxial surface white, lepidote, with densely aggregate 3–5-armed swollen trichomes, margin entire, revolute, apex acute with a small pungent mucro, turned upwards, base cordate. Inflorescence a pseudoterminal congested spike-like structure, simple or compound, of capitula or glomerules of capitula, interspersed with small foliage leaves. Capitula sessile; involucre cylindrical 4.8–5.5 mm tall, 1.1–1.8 mm in diam., phyllaries 3–5-seriate, imbricate, stramineous to brownish, apex brownish, outer phyllaries narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1.0–2.4 × 0.4–0.7 mm, apex acuminate, upper part pubescent, inner phyllaries narrowly elliptic to very narrowly elliptic, 2.8–6.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm, apex acute, margins ciliate; receptacle flat, foveolate, pilose. Florets 3; corolla lilac to whitish, glabrous, sparsely glandular-punctate, corolla tube 3.7–4.2 × 1.1–1.4 mm, corolla lobes 2.9–3.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm, apex acute; anthers dark purple, apical anther appendages triangular, acute, anther base shortly sagittate, obtuse; style (not fully developed in the available specimens), purple, with shaft glabrous throughout except for pubescent shortly beneath style-arms, style-arms apex acute, pubescent outside, hairs acute, style-base glabrous. Cypsela cylindrical, 1.9–2.0 × 0.9–1.0 mm, slightly ribbed, glabrous, densely glandular-punctate; pappus biseriate, stramineous, paleaceous, outer series persistent, coroniform, setae half to entire length fused, apex erose, 0.2–0.5 mm long, inner series caducous, setae 4.1–4.5 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, twisted, curved, serrulate.
Distribution and habitat: — Lychnophora spiciformis is known from two records in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) of the basal plateau of Chapada Diamantina , the northern part of the Espinhaço Range of mountains in the state of Bahia , at Serra do Sincorá, one of the several mountain ranges (“ serras ”) and few scattered mountains that compose this landscape complex which covers an area of approximately 50,000 km 2, forming a mosaic of different geological formations and vegetation types within the Caatinga phytogeographical domain ( Harley 1995) ( Fig. 1 A View FIGURE 1 ). The area where specimens were collected is situated outside protected areas, being approximately 10 km distant from the southern limit of Chapada Diamantina National Park ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 ).
Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering and fruiting specimens were found in May and November.
Conservation status: —According to results obtained through GeoCAT analysis (Bachmann et al. 2011) (EOO = 0 km 2; AOO = 4 km 2; using a cell size of 2 km 2), the species is classified as Critically Endangered. Although the number of collections is low, which may not allow a confident conservation status evaluation, its localities are not protected by Conservation Units and are located in an area surrounded by agricultural lands, with a high touristic potential, being close to the road to one of the most famous waterfalls of the region; therefore we suggest maintaining its status as Critically Endangered.
Etymology: —The epithet spiciformis refers to the form of the inflorescences, which resemble true spikes ( Fig. 1 C, D View FIGURE 1 , 2 D View FIGURE 2 ).
Additional collection examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Ibicoara, Chapada Diamantina, Estrada para Cachoeira do Buracão, área com elevações, sob linha de transmissão elétrica, 13°23’45.97” S, 41°13’51.33” W, 1032 m, 21 November 2013, C.M. Siniscalchi, C.M.R. Siniscalchi & R. Siniscalchi 409 (SPF!, UFP!).
Species Leaf shape Leaf base Leaf mucro Leaf size Inflorescence type Number of Number Outer pappus Outer pappus
(mm) phyllaries series of size (mm) type florets
L. granmogolensis ovate to subulate cordate large, pungent 5–11(21) × 2–5 terminal 5–6 1 ca. 1 free or fused syncephalium bristles
L. passerina subulate to linear- rounded to short, not 4.5–12 × 0.7–1 terminal 3–4 1 0.1–0.2 scale-like subulate cordate pungent syncephalium
L. phylicifolia ovate to ovate- cordate large, pungent 4–5 × 1.5–2.5 terminal 4 1–3 0.4–0.5 coroniform lanceolate syncephalium
L. ramosissima ovate rounded to short, not 5–7 × 1–2 terminal 3–4 1 0.1–0.2 scale-like cordate pungent syncephalium
L. rosmarinifolia lanceolate cordate short, not 7–30 × 3–4 terminal 4–5 1–5 1.5–2 coroniform pungent syncephalium
L. spiciformis subulate or cordate short, pungent 4.5–8.4 × 1.2–1.9 pseudoterminal 3–5 3 0.2–0.5 coroniform lanceolate spike-like structure of capitula or glomerules of capitula
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