Ctenarytaina spatulata, Taylor, 1997

Percy, Diana M., Rung, Alessandra & Hoddle, Mark S., 2012, An annotated checklist of the psyllids of California (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Zootaxa 3193, pp. 1-27 : 16

spatulata Taylor, 1997

Type locality: Australia.

Additional distribution: Introduced in Europe, New Zealand, South America, USA. Host plant: Several different Eucalyptus spp., including E. camaldulensis , E. globulus , E. grandis , E. parvifolia , E. viminalis .

Remarks: First recorded in California in 1991 ( Taylor 1997; Brennan et al. 2001b). Parasitoids: Recently reared parasitoids from this species (CSCA) appear to be Psyllaephagus sp., and may be P. pilosus , which was introduced to contro Ctenarytaina eucalypti .

Diaphorina Löw

citri (Kuwayama, 1908)

Type locality: Taiwan.

Additional distribution: Broadly distributed in Asia and India. Introduced in Arabian Peninsula, South and Central America, and USA.

Host plant: Several Citrus spp., Bergera (Murraya) koenigii , Murraya exotica .

Remarks: Studied as a citrus pest since the 1920s in its native range in India and Pakistan ( Husain & Nath 1927; Atwal 1962; Atwal et al. 1970). First detected in USA (Florida) in 1998 ( Halbert & Manjunath 2004), and detected in southern California in 2008; common name: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). This species transmits Candidatus Liberibacter spp., a bacterium responsible for citrus greening (Huanglongbing) disease that may result in considerable economic damage to citrus industries.

Parasitoids: Tamarixia radiata , and Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) . The eulophid parasitoid, T. radiata , controls the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) effectively in India ( Atwal 1962), and it is considered a superior biological control to the encyrtid parasitoid, D. aligarhensis , in Florida where both have been tested for the control of ACP. T. radiata exhibits high parasitization rates and rapid establishment in new areas ( Aubert 1987; Skelly & Hoy 2004) and has now been introduced to many parts of the world ( Halbert & Manjunath 2004; Halbert & Núñez 2004; Wenninger & Hall 2007).

Diclidophlebia Crawford fremontiae (Klyver, 1930)

Type locality: USA, California.

Host plant: Fremontodendron californicum . Nymphs also collected from cultivated Chiranthodendron pentadactylon ( CSCA).

Remarks: The subfamily Paurocephalinae is predominantly pantropical with Diclidophlebia the only genus represented in the New World ( Burckhardt & Mifsud 2003).

Eucalyptolyma Froggatt

maideni Froggatt, 1901

Type locality: Australia.

Additional distribution: Introduced in New Zealand, USA.

Host plant: Eucalyptus citriodora , E. maculata .

Remarks: First recorded in California in 2000 ( Gill 2000). This psyllid has three generations per year in its native Australian range. Populations in California tend to reach peak levels in spring and fall, but high summer temperatures appear to limit psyllid numbers for this species ( Paine & Dreistadt 2007); common name: spotted gum lerp psyllid.

Euglyptoneura Heslop-Harrison fuscipennis ( Crawford, 1914)

Type locality: USA, California, Colorado, Nevada; Canada, British Columbia. Additional distribution: USA, Oregon, Utah.

Host plant: Ceanothus sanguineus , C. papillosus , C. velutinus .