Novaculops compressus, Fukui, 2020

Fukui, Yoshino, 2020, A new wrasse, Novaculops compressus n. sp. (Perciformes: Labridae), from the western Pacific Ocean, Zootaxa 4742 (3), pp. 555-564 : 556-561

Novaculops compressus n. sp.

New English name: Garnet Sandy; new standard Japanese name: Hokage-tensu-modoki

Figures 1–4 ; Table 1

Novaculops sciistius (not of Jordan and Thompson): Katayama 2014: 424, unnumbered fig. (Yoron Island, Kagoshima, Japan); Fukui 2018: 278, unnumbered fig. (Yoron Island, Kagoshima, Japan).

Novaculops sp.: Fukui 2017: 185, unnumbered fig. (Panay Island, Philippines).

Holotype. KAUM–I. 52621, 104.2 mm SL, off Iloilo, Panay Island, Philippines, 10°41ʹN, 122°35ʹE, purchased at Iloilo Central Market , H. Motomura, U. B. Alama, T. Yoshida & H. Nishiyama, 15 Feb. 2013.

Paratype. FRLM 42872 , 97.4 mm SL, Tomori , Yoron , Yoron-jima island, Amami Islands, Kagoshima, Japan, 27°01ʹ42ʺ– 27°01ʹ58ʺN, 128°23ʹ55ʺ– 128°24ʹ36ʺE, 90–105 m, line fishing, Y. Hibino, 25 Oct. 2012 .

Diagnosis. A species of Novaculops with the following combination of characters: pectoral-fin rays 13; pored lateral-line scales 20 + 5; scale rows above lateral line 4; scale rows below lateral line 9; total gill rakers 16; snout length 11.1% of SL; orbit diameter 10.0–10.1 % of SL; body depth 30.9% of SL; anal-fin base length 36.2–37.6 % of SL; first dorsal-fin spine length 6.4–7.0 % of SL, pectoral fin axil black, first two dorsal-fin membranes black.

Description. Data for the holotype are presented first, followed by paratype data in parentheses when different. Counts and measurements are given in Table 1 .

Body oblong, moderately compressed posteriorly. Body depth at pelvic-fin origin subequal to depth at anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle moderately short, depth greater than length. Head moderately large. Dorsal profile of snout moderately rounded. Fleshy anterior edge of head slightly pointed, compressed. Snout long. Orbit large. Pupil diameter subequal to half orbit diameter. Interorbital space convex. Single large sheath of scales on anterodorsal margin of orbit. Cheek region naked. Mouth small, slightly obliquely angled backwards, ca. 15° to horizontal axis of head and body. Lips thick, inwardly curled dorsally, progressively more curled posteriorly. Jaw teeth affixed to outer edge of bony ridge. Two pairs of strongly curved canine teeth at front of each jaw; 11 small thickened teeth posteriorly on each bony plate behind upper-jaw canine teeth; 11 (12) small thickened teeth (length one-third of canine teeth) posteriorly on each bony plate behind lower-jaw canine teeth; numerous small teeth rows follow outer dentition ridge. Tongue short, slender, rounded, upper surface covered with small papillae. Gill opening wide. Gill rakers thickened, short, longest on first arch about one-half length of longest gill filament. Preopercular margin smooth, extending beyond vertical through ventral margin of orbit. Anterior nostril a tiny aperture; posterior nostril short, slightly oblique. Suborbital sensory canal with 3 short branches, each ending with a single pore.

Novaculops compressus n. sp. N. sciistius N. woodi N. woodi Novaculichthys N. tattoo Holotype Paratype Non-types Holotype Paratype Non-types entargyreus Holotype Holotype KAUM–I. FRLM n = 25 CAS SU CAS SU n = 8 CAS SU 5984 BPBM 621 52621 42872 6029 69835 Orbit diameter 10.1 10.0 10.1 6.9–9.3

7.9

6.1 6.5 6.6–8.2 7.6 6.7 7.2 Interorbital width 4.8 4.8 4.8 3.9–6.3 5.2 6.3 6.7 4.5–5.1 7.3 4.8 5.3 Postorbital length 16.6 16.8 16.7 14.6–18.0 16.6 — — 14.4–17.1 — 15.7 14.2 Pre-pelvic-fin length 31.1 31.3 31.2 28.8–35.4 32.0 — — 29.7–32.9 — 34.8 28.9 1st dorsal-fin spine length 6.4 7.0 6.7 6.3–15.6 9.8 7.1 7.0 7.6–8.7 7.5 7.0 7.7 9th dorsal-fin spine length 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.4–10.5 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.8–9.8 8.4 7.3 8.2 1st dorsal-fin soft ray length 9.0 11.1 10.1 9.6–14.4 11.8 11.7 11.6 10.7–13.7 9.7 11.2 11.7 12th dorsal-fin soft ray length 8.3 8.9 8.6 7.5–11.5 10.0 8.6 9.1 9.7–11.4 7.6 9.3 9.7 1st anal-fin spine length 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.5–3.6 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.2–3.2 3.1 2.9 2.7 1st anal-fin soft ray length 10.6 11.9 11.3 10.3–14.8 12.4 — — 11.2–13.2 — 10.7 10.7 12th anal-fin soft ray length 8.8 7.9 8.4 7.5–11.4 9.5 6.8 7.2 8.1–11.4 7.1 8.0 8.5 Pectoral-fin length 19.8 21.8 20.8 20.1–24.2 22.1 18.1 19.3 17.8–23.4 19.2 21.5 21.0 Pelvic spine length 4.8 6.3 5.5 6.2–9.7 7.4 5.8 5.3 5.9–8.9 5.5 6.5 7.1 1st pelvic-fin soft ray length 15.7 20.6 18.1 16.4–26.7 21.6 26.7 26.5 18.5–26.2 21.6 20.4 22.6 LD AVM of orbit and maxilla 3.5 3.8 3.7 1.1–6.6 4.5 — — 1.7–5.4 — 6.5 3.7 LD AVM of orbit and preopercle 10.1 9.4 9.8 3.9–12.2 9.2 — — 7.1–11.0 — 10.4 8.1 LD AVM of orbit and interopercle 12.9 12.8 12.8 5.7–15.5 12.1 — — 9.5–13.7 — 13.5 10.9 Pectoral-fin base 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6–7.3 6.2 — — 5.9–6.4 — 5.5 5.4 LD dorsal-fin origin and anal-fin origin 43.2 43.7 43.5 43.6–49.2 46.2 — — 43.5–48.7 — 45.7 41.4 LD dorsal-fin origin and posterior 70.3 72.8 71.6 67.3–80.1 76.2 — — 72.2–77.2 — 72.0 66.3 margin of AB LD posterior margin of DB and anal-fin 41.3 43.2 42.2 44.1–51.8 46.5 — — 43.2–48.7 — 42.0 41.0 origin LD pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin 24.2 23.8 24.0 17.9–26.5 22.3 — — 18.8–26.6 — 22.2 20.1 origin

Body, including caudal peduncle, covered with cycloid scales. Scale diameter at mid-body nearly equal to eye diameter; axillary scale length half that of mid-body scales. Pectoral-fin base with 5 cycloid scale rows. Caudal-fin base with 4.5 scale rows. Scales above lateral-line scales 4; scales below lateral-line scales 9. Lateral line interrupted; pored lateral-line scales 20 + 5, with single tube; anterior series following dorsal contour of body; posterior series running mid-laterally on posterior region of body; 2 scale rows between last pored-scale of anterior series and first pored-scale of posterior series; 3 scale rows below first pored-scale of posterior series.

Origin of first dorsal-fin spine posterior to vertical through posterior margin of orbit; distance between vertical through posterior margin of orbit and dorsal-fin origin greater than orbit diameter. Dorsal spinous portion lower than soft rayed portion; first spine thin, fleshy, flexible; first dorsal-fin spine longer than second spine. Second dorsal-fin spine inflexible (tip flexible in <100 mm SL). Length between first- and second dorsal-fin spine bases less than that between second- and third dorsal-fin spine bases. Origin of anal-fin spine slightly posterior to vertical through last dorsal-fin spine base; end of anal-fin base slightly beyond vertical through 12th dorsal-fin soft ray base. All dorsal- and anal-fin soft rays branched. Pectoral fin long, rounded, posterior margin just reaching to vertical through last dorsal-fin spine base, first and second pectoral-fin soft rays unbranched, remainder branched. Pelvic fin long; posterior margin of first soft ray beyond anus; all soft rays branched.

Color of holotype when fresh, based on color photograph ( Fig. 1A ). Body yellow, dorsal region bright orange, ventral region white; mid-body bright orange. Posterior margin of dorsal scales edged bright red. Dorsal-fin spinous portion bright yellow, membrane between first- and second dorsal-fin spines black; dorsal-fin soft rayed portion white basally, yellow distally. Anal fin white basally, yellow distally. Pectoral fin bright orange. Pelvic fin translucent. Caudal fin bright yellow. Orbit pale red, posterodorsal margin of orbit black. Pupil black. Lips bright orange.

Coloration of paratype when fresh, based on color photograph ( Fig. 1B ). Body pink dorsally, white ventrally; mid-body bright yellow. Posterior margin of dorsal scales edged bright red. Dorsal-fin spinous portion bright pink, soft rayed portion translucent. Anal fin white basally, translucent distally. Pectoral fin bright orange. Pelvic fin translucent. Caudal fin pale pink basally, translucent distally. Orbit pale red, with black posterodorsal margin. Pupil black. Lips pale pink.

Coloration of preserved specimens ( Fig. 2 ). Body brown. Posterodorsal margin of orbit black. First two dorsalfin membranes black (holotype). Axil of pectoral fin black. All fins translucent.

Distribution. Currently known only from Yoron Island, Kagoshima, Japan and Panay Island, the Philippines ( Fig. 3 ).

Etymology. The specific name for the new species is from the Latin “compressa” meaning “compressed”, referring to the compressed body.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Novaculops compressus n. sp. fresh specimens. A, KAUM–I. 52621, holotype, 104.2 mm SL, the Philippines; B, FRLM 42872, paratype, 97.4 mm SL, Japan.

FIGURE 2. Novaculops compressus n. sp. preserved specimens. A, KAUM–I. 52621, holotype, 104.2 mm SL, the Philippines; B, FRLM 42872, paratype, 97.4 mm SL, Japan.

FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Novaculops compressus n. sp. (stars), N. sciistius (triangles) and N. woodi (squares), based on specimens examined during the present study. H indicates holotype.

FIGURE 4. Relationships of (A) snout length, (B) orbit diameter, (C) body depth, (D) anal-fin base length, and (E) first dorsalfin spine length to SL in Novaculops compressus n. sp. (stars), N. sciistius (triangles) and N. woodi (squares). Arrows indicate holotypes (pink arrow, Novaculichthys entargyreus; yellow arrow, Novaculops tattoo).

Tables

TABLE 1. Counts and measurements, expressed as percentages of standard length, of specimens of Novaculops compressus n. sp., N. sciistius, and N. woodi

	Novaculops compressus n. sp.			N. sciistius	N. woodi
					N. woodi			Novaculichthys	N. tattoo
	Holotype	Paratype		Non-types	Holotype	Paratype	Non-types	entargyreus Holotype	Holotype
	KAUM–I.	FRLM		n = 25	CAS SU	CAS SU	n = 8	CAS SU 5984	BPBM 621
	52621	42872			6029	69835
Standard length (SL; mm)	104.2	97.4	Modes	24.4–154.8	Modes 133.0	131.4	28.6–	118.0	131.7	Modes
Dorsal-fin rays	IX, 12	IX, 12	IX, 12	IX, 12	IX, 12 IX, 12	IX, 12	114.7 IX, 12	IX, 12	IX, 12	IX, 12
Anal-fin rays	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12 III, 12	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12	III, 12
Pectoral-fin rays	13	13	—	13–14	13 13	13	13	13	13	13
Pelvic-fin rays	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5 I, 5	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5	I, 5
Pored lateral-line scales	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5 20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5	20 + 5
(anterior + posterior series) Scale rows above lateral line	4	4	4	2.5–4	3 3	3	3–3.5	3	3.5	3.5
Scale rows below lateral line	9	9	9	9–10	10 10	10	9.5–10	10	10	10
Gill rakers	16	16	16	17–20	19 —	—	18–19	—	18	18
% SL			Means		Means					Means
Body depth	30.9	30.9	30.9	31.9–38.4	35.7 35.6	35.5	34.2–37.5	33.2	32.8	35.2
Body width	10.7	10.9	10.8	6.5–15.2	11.7 14.5	13.3	6.8–12.2	13.9	12.4	11.3
Head length	35.4	34.5	34.9	31.0–35.0	33.3 31.6	31.2	30.5–34.6	30.5	31.4	31.7
Head width	9.8	9.6	9.7	7.8–14.1	11.2 14.1	14.0	9.1–11.3	10.4	11.3	11.0
Pre-dorsal-fin length	27.6	28.0	27.8	25.2–30.8	27.7 29.3	27.6	25.9–31.9	26.0	26.1	27.4
Pre-anal-fin length	54.0	53.7	53.8	50.3–56.8	53.6 50.6	51.0	52.2–58.5	54.2	54.1	53.7
Pre-pectoral-fin length	31.3	31.1	31.2	27.1–33.3	30.4 27.4	26.3	29.1–31.0	26.7	30.9	29.4
Caudal-peduncle length	7.0	9.2	8.1	5.4–9.8	8.0 13.5	13.5	8.5–11.3	15.9	9.6	10.9
Caudal-peduncle depth	14.0	15.3	14.7	13.2–17.7	15.5 14.7	13.7	13.5–16.3	13.6	13.6	14.7
Dorsal-fin base length	65.8	68.7	67.3	64.6–75.8	71.7 64.3	64.7	68.9–71.8	65.3	67.2	68.4
Anal-fin base length	36.2	37.6	36.9	39.4–46.7	42.1 38.9	42.0	39.0–44.0	40.5	39.1	41.3
Upper-jaw length	9.3	9.5	9.4	7.5–10.3	9.2 8.1	7.8	8.4–9.5	7.7	8.7	8.6
Lower-jaw length	7.7	9.1	8.4	6.4–9.9	8.4 7.3	7.8	6.7–9.0	6.9	7.8	7.6
Snout length	11.1	11.1	11.1	4.6–11.9	9.5 11.8	10.0	6.3–10.1	9.9	10.8	9.1