Antichiropus anguinus Car, 2019

Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S., Hillyer, Mia J. & Huey, Joel A., 2019, The millipede genus Antichiropus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae), part 3: species of the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia, Zootaxa 4617 (1), pp. 1-71 : 13-16

Antichiropus anguinus Car , n. sp.

( Figs 4 A–F, 11)

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7761157C-BC2F-4E60-8044-C7BFDEDB81E5

Type material examined. Australia: Western Australia: holotype male, Barlee Range Nature Reserve , quadrat 3, 23°04’46”S, 115°47’27”E, August 1993, wet pitfall trap, S. van Leeuwen and B. Bromilow ( WAM T144539 ) .

Other material examined. Australia: Western Australia: 1 juvenile, Barlee Range Nature Reserve , quadrat 3, 23°04’46”S, 115°47’27”E, August 1993, wet pitfall trap, S. van Leeuwen and B. Bromilow ( WAM T71865, Gen- Bank accession number 12S, MK 735739 ; 28S, MK 735803 ; COI, MK 735847 ; COIII, MK 735925 ) .

Diagnosis. Antichiropus anguinus Car , n. sp. is most similar to A. procerus Car , n. sp. ( Fig 29 ): both species have upright gonopodal femorites that are more than half the length of the acropodites, and broad, flattened solenomere tips. Antichiropus anguinus has, however, three solenomere processes, one of which (solenomere process 2) has a distinctive, broad, saw-like structure, whereas A. procerus has two processes. A. anguinus has a narrow pointed prolongation of the femorite (medial view); the same structure in A. procerus is long, relatively broad and extends above the curve of the solenomere. Finally, A. anguinus has a blunt solenomere tip whereas that of A. procerus is leaf-shaped.

Description. Male holotype: Body ca. 15 mm long; midbody ring ca. 2 mm wide, with distinct, smooth waist, prozonite and metazonite of similar width.

Colour (in alcohol) chestnut ( Fig 4A ); leg colour slightly paler. No paranota ( Fig4B ). Sternites without obvious processes/tubercles, sternal lamella broad, rounded. Leg coxal processes absent. Anterior spiracles at midbody small, flat, ovoid.

Head smooth, without noticeable sculpturing; frons short, smooth, with some setae; face narrow, maximum width ca. 3x distance between antennal sockets; sockets separated by ca. 2x width of socket.

Antennae of moderate length, reaching to the posterior edge of ring 3, antennomeres uniform in shape.

Collum 0.75x as long as head (in lateral view) ( Fig 4A ).

Gonopod of medium length, reaching ring 5; coxa (C) much shorter than femorite but broader with ridge on anterior surface (not shown in Fig 4 ); prefemur (PF) considerably shorter than femorite, pronounced lip; femorite (F) ca. 3/4 of acropodite length in situ, upright, becoming thicker at apex; main femoral process (MFP) long (to ca. 1/3 solenomere length), large, relatively broad, asymmetrically pointed; second femoral process (fp1) absent; prolongation of femorite (prof) upright narrowing to a point; solenomere (S) moderately long, forming a loop, slender at base, widening immediately asymmetrically, becoming stocky and stoutest midway along length; solenomere tip broadly leaf-shaped with rounded end; solenomere process (sp1) minute, pointed, at tip solenomere process2 (sp2) broad, flat, asymmetrical saw-edge structure near solenomere tip; solenomere process3 (sp3) ca. midpoint of solenomere, long relatively slender, pointed ( Figs 4 C–F).

Female: unknown.

Distribution. At present, this species is known from only two individuals collected from the Barlee Range Nature Reserve on the edge of the Pilbara region ( Fig 11 ).

Etymology. The solenomere tip of this species resembles a snake’s head (Latin, adjective, anguinus , snake-like).

Antichiropus antius Car , n. sp.

( Figs 5 A–F, 11)

ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6EB02ACD-9D4A-4DA0-AE48-0993F1F29E24

Type material examined. Australia: Western Australia: holotype male (damaged), 24.5 km N of Cowra Line Camp, Pilbara Biological Survey site RHNW10 , 22°08’04.8”S, 119°01’27.3”E, May 2004, CALM staff (Pilbara Biological Survey) ( WAM T144620 ) . Paratype: 1 male, Chichester Range, Pilbara, site 24, 22°03’01.33”S, 118°59’36.15”E, 9 June–13 July 2008, pitfall trap, south facing gully floor and creek line, eucalypts and acacias, G. Whyte, N. Dight and L. Quinn ( WAM T93875, GenBank accession number 12S, MK 735745 ; 28S, MK 735809 ) .

Other material examined. Australia: Western Australia: ca. 10 males, 2 females, 7 juveniles (all badly damaged), 24.5 km N of Cowra Line Camp, Pilbara Biological Survey site RHNW10 , 22°08’04.8”S, 119°01’27.3”E, May 2004, CALM staff (Pilbara Biological Survey) ( WAM T76073); 1 male, Chichester Range, Pilbara , site 24, 22°03’01.33”S, 118°59’36.15”E, 9 June–13 July 2008, pitfall trap, south facing gully floor and creek line, euca- lypts and acacias, G. Whyte, N. Dight and L.Quinn ( WAM T93875) : 1 juvenile, Chichester Range, Pilbara, site 24, 22°03’01.33”S, 118°59’36.15”E, 9 June–13 July 2008, pitfall trap, south facing gully floor and creek line, eucalypts and acacias, G. Whyte, N. Dight and L. Quinn ( WAM T146699 )

.

Diagnosis. Antichiropus antius Car , n. sp. is similar to A. nimbus Car , n. sp. ( Fig 24 ) in that both species have a well-developed solenomere process midway along the length of the solenomere, and each species has a second femoral process (fp1). The structure of the fp1 is different in the two species: A. antius has a simple fp1 that points towards the solenomere, whereas A. nimbus . has a multi-pointed fp1 that appears to hug the femorite.

Description. Male holotype: Body ca. 15 mm long; midbody ring ca. 1.5 mm wide, with distinct, smooth waist, prozonite and metazonite of similar widths.

Colour (in alcohol) dark chestnut ( Fig 5A ); leg colour light brown. No paranota ( Fig 5B ). Sternites without obvious processes/tubercles, sternal lamella broad and heart-shaped. Anterior spiracles at midbody small, flat.

Head smooth, with no sculpturing; frons smooth, with few setae; face narrow, maximum width ca. 4x the distance between antennal sockets; sockets separated by ca. 2x width of socket.

Antennae short, reaching to ring 2, robust, antennomeres all similar shape, apical antennomeres slightly stout- er.

Collum slightly shorter than head (in lateral view), triangular.

Gonopod of medium length, reaching posterior edge of ring 5 (varies within species and may be slightly longer); coxa (C) robust, slightly shorter than femorite with no obvious ridge; prefemur (PF) slightly shorter than femorite with pronounced lip; femorite (F) ca. 2/3 of acropodite length in situ, short, curved at base in medial/lateral views, narrowest at base, broadening to apex (vase-shaped); main femoral process (MFP) held at right angles to femorite, ca. ½ solenomere length, curved, irregular shape, flattened at tip with small point; second femoral process (fp1) in close association with MFP, slender, curved, pointed; prolongation of femorite (prof) long ca. 1/3 soleno- mere length, curved, sharply pointed; solenomere (S) moderately long, forming a loop that curls round the prolongation of the femorite, slightly broader near the square tip with shallow point; solenomere process 1 (sp1) halfway along length of solenomere, slender, sharply pointed ( Figs 5 C–F).

Female: Very similar to male, but body stouter when viewed laterally, legs more slender and shorter (WAM T76073).

Distribution. This species is known only from two sites in the Chichester Range in the Pilbara region ( Fig 11 ).

Etymology. The apical half of the solenomere of this species is reminiscent of a forelock in medial and lateral views (Latin, noun, antia, forelock).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Antichiropus anguinus Car, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T144539): A–B, habitus: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C–F, left gonopod: C, posterior view; D, anterior view; E, medial view; F, lateral view. Abbreviations: F, femorite; MFP, main femoral process; PF, prefemur; prof, prolongation of femorite; S, solenomere; sp1, 2 and 3, solenomere processes 1, 2 and 3. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Antichiropus antius Car, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T144620): A–B habitus: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C–F, left gonopod: C, posterior view; D, anterior view; E, medial view; F, lateral view. Abbreviations: C, coxa; F, femorite; fp1, femoral process 2; MFP, main femoral process; PF, prefemur; prof, prolongation of femorite; S, solenomere; sp1, solenomere process 1. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Map showing the known distributions of A. anguinus Car, n. sp., A. antius Car, n. sp., A. apricus Car, n. sp., A. cirratus Car, n. sp., A. confragus Car, n. sp., A. cristatus Car, n. sp. and A. cucumeraceous Car, n. sp.

FIGURE 24. Antichiropus nimbus Car, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T144574): A–B, habitus: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C–F, left gonopod: C, posterior view; D, anterior view; E, medial view; F, lateral view. Abbreviations: F, femorite; fp1, femoral process two; MFP, main femoral process; PF, prefemur; S, solenomere; sp1, solenomere process 1. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 29. Antichiropus procerus Car, n. sp., holotype male (WAM T144538):A–B habitus: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C–F, left gonopod: C, posterior view; D, anterior view; E, medial view; F, lateral view; Abbreviations: C, coxa; F, femorite; MFP, main femoral process; PF, prefemur; prof, prolongation of femorite; S, solenomere; sp1 and sp2, solenomere processes 1 and 2. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C–F = 0.5 mm.