Chrysoperla carnea ( Stephens, 1836 )

Hassan, Muhammad Asghar & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species, Zootaxa 5180 (1), pp. 1-83 : 54-57

Chrysoperla carnea ( Stephens, 1836)

( Figs 38–40 , 57 )

Chrysopa carnea Stephens, 1836: 103 . Type locality: United Kingdom (England: near London).

Chrysopa affinis Stephens, 1836: 104 . Type locality: United Kingdom ( England: near London, Dover, or Devonshire). Chrysopa microcephala Brauer, 1851: 6 . Type locality: Austria (Wien: Prater); Switzerland (Thurgau: Erlen).

Chrysopa vulgaris Schneider, 1851: 68 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa lamproptera Stein, 1863: 419 . Type locality: Montenegro (Dalmatia: Herceg Novi).

Chrysopa radialis Navás, 1904: 119 . Type locality: Spain (Madrid: Chamartin de la Rosa).

Chrysopa rubricata Navás, 1905: 14 . Type locality: Spain (Catalunya: Barcelona ).

Chrysopa namurcensis Navás, 1910b: 75 . Type locality: Belgium (near Namur: Jambes).

Chrysopa lulliana Navás, 1910d: 248 . Type locality: Spain (Illes Baleares: Pollenca ).

Chrysopa viridella Navás, 1911a: 207 . Type locality: Spain (Granada).

Chrysopa notata Pongracz, 1912: 209 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa minor Pongracz, 1912: 209 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa fulviceps Pongracz, 1912: 209 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa cingulate Navás, 1912: 751 . Type locality: Austria (Steiermark).

Chrysopa lucasina Lacroix, 1912: 203 . Type locality: Algeria (Tiare: Frend).

Chrysopa nigropilosa Navás, 1913a: 507 . Type locality: Belgium (Arlon).

Chrysopa lateralis Navás, 1913a: 508 . Type locality: Belgium (Namur and Arlon).

Chrysopa memorosa Navás, 1913a: 508 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa stigmalis Navás, 1913a: 508 . Type locality: Belgium (Lives and Arlon).

Chrysopa mista Navás, 1913b: 279 . Type locality: Turkey (Fergana).

Chrysopa pillichi Pongracz, 1913: 185 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa praetexta Lacroix, 1913: 101 . Type locality: France (Poitou-Charentes: Busseau ).

Chrysopa thoracica Navás, 1915d: 471 . Type locality: Spain (Aragon: Zaragoza ).

Chrysopa tristicta Navás, 1915d: 472 . Type locality: Spain (Aragon: Zaragoza ).

Chrysopa disticha Navás, 1915d: 472 . Type locality: Spain (Aragon: Zaragoza ).

Chrysopa doriana Navás, 1915e: 277 . Type locality: Italy (Toscana: Giglio ).

Chrysopa catalaunica Navás, 1915c: 27 . Type locality: Spain (Catalunya: Barcelona ).

Chrysopa ornata Navás, 1915c: 50 . Type locality: Spain (Gerona).

Chrysopa haematodes Navás, 1915b: 194 . Type locality: Spain (Madrid: San Lorenzo de El Escorial ).

Chrysopa vicina Lacroix, 1915: 229 . Type locality: France (Poitou-Charentes: Amuré, Sainte-Pezenne ).

Chrysopa striolata Navás, 1916a: 593 . Type locality: Spain ( Lleida : Arán valley: Bossòst).

Chrysopa entoneura Navás, 1917a: 167 . Type locality: Andorra (San Julián de Loria).

Chrysopa gemella Navás, 1917b: 87 . Type locality: Unknown.

Chrysopa festiva Navás, 1918a: 350 . Type locality: Spain (Aragon: Zaragoza ).

Chrysopa inversa Navás, 1918a: 350 . Type locality: Spain ( Ribas : Madrid).

Chrysopa proxima Navás, 1918b: 18 . Type locality: Spain ( Puente la Reina : Osca).

Chrysopa seriata Navás, 1919b: 195 . Type locality: Spain (Girona: Viladráu).

Chrysopa perepzacostai Navás, 1919b: 195 . Type locality: Spain (Girona: Viladráu).

Chrysopa moneri Navás, 1919b: 196 . Type locality: Spain (Girona: Viladráu).

Chrysopa seroi Navás, 1919b: 197 . Type locality: Spain (Lleida: Grañena de Cervera ).

Chrysopa prothoracica Navás, 1919a: 52 . Type locality: Spain (Aragon: Zaragoza ).

Chrysopa cephalica Navás, 1926: 52 . Type locality: Egypt (Ghizeh and Amrieh).

Chrysopa rubescens Navás, 1927: 4 . Type locality: China (Jiangsu).

Cintameva quettana Navás, 1930: 43 . Type locality: Pakistan (Balochistan: Quetta). An invalid junior homonym of Chrysopa quettana Navás, 1931d: 83 .

Chrysopa vitellina Navás, [1931b] 1930: 160 . Type locality: Spain (Tabescan: Lleida).

Cintameva angelnina Navás, 1931c: 84 . Type locality: Germany (Schleswig-Holstein: Satrup). Nomen dubium.

Chrysopa ferganica Navás, 1933b: 107 . Type locality: Uzbekistan (Fargana: Sphara).

Chrysopa pictavica Lacroix, 1933: 147 . Type locality: France (Poitou-Charentes: Marais d’ Ammuré).

Chrysopa carnea var. adaptata Navás, 1934a: 1 . Type locality: China.

Chrysopa canariensis Tjeder, 1940: 31 . Type locality: Spain (Canary lands: Tafira).

Chrysopa lundbladi Tjeder, 1940: 8 . Type locality: Portugal.

Chrysopa maderensis Tjeder, 1940: 9 . Type locality: Portugal (Madeira: Rabaçal ).

Chrysopa shansiensis Kuwayama, 1962: 9 . Type locality: China (Shanxi: Wangmaochen ).

Chrysoperla nanceiensis Séméria, 1980: 29 . Type locality: France (Lorraine: Campus of the Université de Nancy-Vandoeuvre ).

Diagnosis and notes

Chrysoperla carnea is similar to C. zastrowi sillemi in external body characters and male genitalia. However, it can be distinguished from C. zastrowi sillemi by the forewing with basal crossvein between Rs and M distad apex of im cell ( Figs 38A–B ), the pretarsal claws with basal dilation more than 1/3 of claw hook ( Fig. 39E ), and the rounded subgenitale in female genitalia ( Fig. 40C ).

Redescription

Measurements (♂ n=2, ♀ n=14). Forewing: length ♂ 12.0– 13.1 mm, ♀ 14.0 mm, width ♂ 4.0– 4.2 mm, ♀ 4.4– 4.6 mm; hindwing: length ♂ 11.2–11.6 mm, ♀ 12.8–13.0 mm, width ♂ 3.6–3.8 mm, ♀ 4.1–4.2 mm; body length: ♂ 7.2–7.9 mm, ♀ 9.0– 9.6 mm.

Head ( Figs 39A–B ). Vertex moderately raised, unmarked, distally with a narrow greyish yellow spot. Frons unmarked. Postorbital sclerite greyish yellow, unmarked. Clypeus with lateral margins narrowly brownish or reddish brown in some individuals. Labrum brownish yellow. Genae with a median transverse dark brown stripe ( Tsukaguchi 1995; figs 92a–c). Maxillary and labial palpi brownish yellow, covered with short black setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, yellow, unmarked, covered with short black setae; scape yellow, covered with short yellow setae.

Thorax ( Figs 39C–D ). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.61–0.80 mm, width 0.78–0.95 mm), pale green, with a median pale yellow stripe, covered with short yellow setae, black dots at setal bases. Meso- and metanotum pale green, with distinct median pale yellow stripe, covered with short pale yellow setae.

Legs ( Fig. 39D ). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with basal dilation, longer than 1/3 of claws hook, quadrate at base ( Fig. 39E ).

Wings ( Figs 38A–B ). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4–14). Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. Veins green. 11– 12 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m) straight, well separated at distal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; six to seven inner gradates (ig) and seven to eight outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im1) ovate. Second (m2) and third (m3) median cells of similar size. Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu2); first (icu1), second (icu2) and third (icu3) intracubital cells of similar size. Hindwing: Veins pale green. Costal area narrow. Subcostal area with three to four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale. 10–11 radial cells (r cell). Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; four to six inner gradates and six to eight outer gradates.

Abdomen ( Figs 39C–D ). Tergum pale green, with median longitudinal greyish stripe, covered with short yellow setae. Sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae.

Male genitalia ( Figs 40G–K ). Tergum 8 (T8) quadrate in lateral view. T9+ectoproct rectangular, tapering inward laterally, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T9+ectoproct long, extending beyond callus cercus, transverse, pointed at apex; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S8+9 arcuated. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 25–27 trichobothria. S8+9 fused, without suture; tip of sternite 8+9 broad, rounded in ventral view. S8+9 as long as T9+ectoproct in lateral view. Entoprocessus (ent) large, narrow, crescentic. Gonarcus (gon) with board lateral plates, arcuated in lateral view. Arcessus (arc) striated. Gonosetae (gst) short. Tignum (ti) with acumen (ac) long, without setae. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view.

Female genitalia ( Figs 40A–F ). Tergum 8 (T8) quadrate in lateral view. T9+ectoproct quadrate in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S7) quadrate in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 27–33 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) rounded, as long as wide, bilobed at distal margin, heavily sclerotized, distinctly visible in ventral view. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, multiple coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc). Vela (vel) short, conical in ventral view.

Material examined

PAKISTAN. Azad Kashmir territory: District Bagh, Bagh city, 1♂, 1♀, [33°58'18.29"N, 73°47'37.45"E], 1150 m, 04.ix.2019, 1♂, [33°35'3.84"N, 73°27'49.68"E], 1628 m, 03.viii.2019; District Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad city, 14♀, [34°22'39.30402"N, 73°27'11.40361"E], 875 m, 21.viii.2019; Gilgit-Baltistan territory: District Skardu, Sermik valley, 1♂, 1♀, [35°10'41.52"N, 75°54'22.248"E], 3022 m, 16.vii.2019, leg. M.A. Hassan, R. Hussain & M. Ali (CAU).

Distribution

Pakistan. Azad Kashmir (Bagh, Muzaffarabad), Balochistan (Quetta), Gilgit-Baltistan (Sermik Valle), Punjab (Faisalabad), Sindh (Jamshoro), — Palaearctic (widespread), Afrotropical (Cape Verde, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen), Oriental (China, India, Nepal) ( Nasreen et al. 2004; Sultan et al. 2017; Dobosz & Popov 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Hassan et al. 2019; Oswald 2022).

Figures

FIGURE 38. Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). A. Male habitus; B. Female habitus. Scale bar: 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 39. Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Female. A. Head frontal view; B. Head and pronotum, lateral view; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Lateral habitus; E. Hind pretarsal claw. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–B); 2.0 mm (C–D).

FIGURE 40. Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). A. Female genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Subgenitale in dorsal view; D. Spermatheca, anterolateral view; E. Same, ventral view; F. Same, lateral view; G. Male genitalia, lateral view; H. Same, ventral view; I. Gonarcus-parameres complex, dorsal view; J. Same, ventral view; K. Tignum, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A–B, G–H). Abbreviations: ac = acumen; cc = callus cerci; da = dorsal arm of apodeme; ent = entoprocessus; gon = gonarcus; inv = invagination; gl = gonaphophyses lateralis; S = sternum; sa = submarginal apodeme; sm = spermatheca; sd = spermathecal duct; S8+9 = fused eighth and ninth sterna; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct; ti = tignum; vel = spermathecal velum.

FIGURE 57. Distribution map of the Chrysoperla species from Pakistan.