Enicospilus Stephens, 1835

Shimizu, So, 2017, Description of a new species and revised key to species of the Enicospilus antefurcalis species-group from Japan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1), pp. 183-194 : 185

Genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835

Enicospilus Stephens, 1835: 126 . Type species: Ophion merdarius Gravenhorst sensu Stephens (= Ichneumon ramidulus Linneaus, 1758 ), by monotypy ( STEPHENS 1845).

Henicospilus Agassiz, 1846: 138 . Unjustified emendation.

Allocamptus Förster, 1869: 150 . Type species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst, 1829 , by subsequent designation ( THOMSON 1888).

Dispilus Kriechbaumer, 1894: 309. Type species: Ophion (Dispilus) natalensis Kriechbaumer, 1894 , by monotypy.

Pleuroneurophion Ashmead, 1900: 86 . Type species: Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis Ashmead, 1900 , by original designation.

Banchogastra Ashmead, 1900: 87 . Type species: Banchogastra niger Ashmead, 1900 , by original designation.

Pycnophion Ashmead, 1900: 87 . Type species: Pycnophion molokaiensis Ashmead, 1900 , by original designation.

Cymatoneura Kriechbaumer, 1901a: 22 . Type species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst, 1829 , by subsequent designation ( VIERECK 1914).

Pterospilus Kriechbaumer, 1901b: 156 . Type species: Ophion (Enicospilus) dubius Tosquinet, 1896 , by subsequent designation ( VIERECK 1914). Junior homonym of Pterospilus Rondani, 1856 .

Trispilus Kriechbaumer,1901b: 156 . Type species: Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus Tosquinet, 1896 , by monotypy.

Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902: 141 . Type species: Abanchogastra debilis Perkins, 1902 , by monotypy.

Metophion Szépligeti, 1905: 28 . Type species: Metophion bicolor Szépligeti, 1905 , by subsequent designation ( VIERECK 1914).

Ceratospilus Szépligeti, 1905: 28 . Type species: Ceratospilus biroi Szépligeti, 1905 , by monotypy.

Atoponeura Szépligeti, 1905: 34 . Type species: Atoponeura concolor Szépligeti, 1905 (= Enicospilus atoponeurus Cushman, 1947 ), by monotypy.

Ophiomorpha Szépligeti, 1905: 34 . Type species: Ophion curvinervis Cameron, 1886 (= Enicospilus cameronii Dalla Torre, 1901 ), by subsequent designation ( HOOKER 1912). Junior homonym of Ophiomorpha Nilsson, 1836 .

Cryptocamptus Brèthes, 1909: 230 . Unnecessary replacement name for Allocamptus Förster, 1869 .

Eremotyloides Perkins, 1915: 530 . Type species: Eremotylus orbitalis Ashmead, 1901 , by monotypy.

Amesospilus Enderlein, 1918: 222 . Type species: Ophion unicallosus Vollenhoven, 1878 , by original designation.

Schizospilus Seyrig, 1935: 79 . Type species: Schizospilus divisus Seyrig, 1935 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. The genus is characterised and distinguishable from any other ophionine genera by the following combination of character states: mandible weakly to strongly tapered and more or less twisted ( Figs 2, 3 , 6 ); ocelli large, and sometimes adjacent or close to eyes ( Figs 2–4 ); occipital carina usually complete; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum usually complete; discosubmarginal cell of fore wing with fenestra and often with sclerites ( Fig. 5 ); ramellus of fore wing usually absent ( Fig. 5 ); inner mesal surface of fore tibial spur without a membranous flange; and outer distal margin of mid and hind trochantelli simple, and usually without a decurved tooth.

Distribution. Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceanic, Oriental, and Palaearctic Regions ( YU et al. 2012).

Bionomics. Several lepidopterous families (e.g., Lasiocampidae , Noctuidae , and Notodontidae ) are reported as hosts (e.g., GAULD & MITCHELL 1981, GAULD 1988, BROAD & SHAW 2016).

Remarks. According to GAULD (1985), the Enicospilus genus-group contains the following five subgroups: Orientospilus subgroup comprising three genera, Ophiogastrella subgroup comprising a single Neotropical genus, Stauropoctonus subgroup comprising two genera, Leptophion subgroup comprising three genera, and Enicospilus subgroup comprising five genera, including the genus Enicospilus .

Figures

Figs 2–5. Partial views of Enicospilus kikuchii sp. nov. (holotype). 2–4 – head in frontal (2), lateral (3), and dorsal views (4); 5 – part of fore wing.

Figs 6–11. SEM images of Enicospilus kikuchii sp. nov. (holotype). 6 – mesosoma in lateral view; 7 – propodeum in dorso-lateral view; 8 – fore tibia in lateral view; 9 – anterior part of T2 in lateral view.