Proarna proximorubrovenosa, Sanborn, 2020

Sanborn, Allen F., 2020, The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Suriname including the description of two new species, five new combinations, and three new records, Zootaxa 4881 (3), pp. 453-481 : 462-466

Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp.

( Fig. 2 )

Type material. Holotype. “ SURINAME: Para District / Zanderij, near Guesthouse / N05°27.5’, W055°13.0’ / 7–9FEB-2010; P. Skelley, / W. Warner, C. Gillett ” male ( FSCA) . Paratypes. Same data as holotype, one male and four females ( FSCA), one male and four females ( AFSC); “ SURINAME: Para District / Zanderij, near Guesthouse / N05°27.5’, W055°13.0’ / 18-FEB-2010; P. Skelley, at night” one female ( FSCA) .

Etymology. The name is a combination of proximo - (L., proximus, nearest), - rubro - (L., ruber, reddish, ruddy, red) and - venosa (L., venosus, full of veins) in reference to the reddish proximal veins in the wings.

Description. Ground color of head and thorax green, fading to tawny, marked with piceous and castaneous, abdomen castaneous marked with piceous and ground color, body covered in fine silvery pile.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, not wider than anterior angles of pronotum, ground color with longitudinal piceous fascia extending from frontoclypeal suture lateral to median ocellus meeting on midline posterior to medial ocellus and curving laterad around medial lateral ocellus with small lateral extension anterior to lateral ocellus, castaneous between piceous fascia on anterior frons expanded laterally in some paratypes causing piceous fascia to curve anterolaterad, castaneous epicranial suture between lateral ocelli, castaneous expanding laterally posterior to piceous mark on medial lateral ocelli, tapering laterally along posterior head to level of posterior cranial depression, castaneous spot on posterior cranial depression, triangular piceous mark on anteromedial eye extending medially curved castaneous mark connecting to piceous spot on middle vertex between eye and lateral ocellus, frons and posteromedial corner of supra-antennal plate piceous, piceous posterior to eye. Head covered with short silvery pile dorsally, longer posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, greenish or ochraceous in some paratypes, eyes castaneous. Ventral head castaneous with piceous along margin of eye and ochraceous spot anteromedial corner of lorum, margin of gena along lorum ochraceous in some paratypes. Postclypeus castaneous, darker medially, ochraceous spot on central midline of ventral surface, central dorsal surface ochraceous with mark extending over apex forming ochraceous triangular mark on midline of anteroventral surface, ochraceous green in some paratypes, ochraceous lateral margin and lateral portion of the eleven transverse grooves. Anteclypeus castaneous with ochraceous anterior margin, anterior carina, lateral margin and posterior carina. Short silvery pile on lorum, gena, lateral postclypeus and anteclypeus, long silvery pile radiating from lorum, lateral gena, and lateral anteclypeus. Mentum greenish ochraceous with dorsal castaneous spot medially, labium with greenish base with piceous tip margined by castaneous. Rostrum reaching to abdominal sternite II in males and abdominal sternite III in females. Scape and pedicel piceous, remaining antennal segments castaneous with lighter distal margins.

Thorax. Dorsal thorax ground color marked with castaneous and piceous. Prothorax with piceous mark on medial central disk narrowing anteriorly and posteriorly, connecting across anterior midline in holotype and some paratypes while remaining as separate marks in other paratypes, piceous in posterior paramedian fissure, medial portion of middle disk piceous in holotype and some paratypes, reduced to thin, longitudinal piceous fascia in other paratypes, transverse piceous mark posterior to middle disk with posterior extension on midline of pronotal collar, reduced to lateral spots and a midline fascia in some paratypes, marks collectively form piceous fascia on either side of midline in holotype a few paratypes, posterior three-fourths of lateral fissure piceous, short silvery pile on disc, within fissures and on pronotal collar, pronotal collar ground color except for midline piceous. Mesothorax ground color, piceous submedian sigillae, posterior lateral sigillae with mark extending anteriorly along anteromedial lateral sigillae expanding median to parapsidal suture, curving posterior to submedian sigilla and meeting along midline at longitudinal fascia extending from between submedian sigillae and terminating on posterior margin of cruciform elevation, mark in posterior lateral sigilla extends posteriorly across posterior mesothorax and medial wing groove, small piceous spot on lateral angle near anterior mesothorax, scutal depressions piceous, anterolateral wing groove piceous. Short silvery pile on anterior disc, longer and denser silvery pile in wing groove. Metanotum ground color with piceous lateral spot, covered with short silvery pile. Ventral thoracic segments castaneous except ochraceous, green in some paratypes, margins of trochantin 2, meron 2, and medial basisternum 3. Thoracic sternites covered with short silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wing and wings hyaline. Venation reddish at base becoming piceous distally, costal margin ochraceous, castaneous proximal costal margin and radius & subcostal vein, piceous spot on subcostal vein proximal and distal to node, piceous distal costal margin at node. Basal cell hyaline with linear infuscation parallel to cubitus anterior expanding distally crossing arculus into proximal radial cell, pterostigma absent, infuscation on veins intersecting nodal line from node to cubitus anterior 2, on base of radius anterior 2, on radial, radiomedial, medial and mediocubital crossveins, on proximal median vein 1, connected to mark on radiomedial crossvein in holotype and some paratypes, on distal radius anterior 1, median veins 1–3, on ambient vein in apical cell 1, apical cells 3–8 with mark more to the distal portion of ambient vein in higher numbered cells so that it is near to vein between apical cells, linear infuscation in apical cells, more obvious in some paratypes than in holotype, basal membrane of fore wing whitish with grayish posterior. Hind wing venation reddish except castaneous anal veins 2 and 3, anal vein 3 curves distally. Anal cell 3 to curve in anal vein 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 proximally, cubital cell 2 along proximal cubitus posterior, and proximal medial cell, radial cell and costal cell whitish, infuscation along grayish in anal cells 1 and 2.

Legs. Legs reddish ochraceous marked with castaneous. Coxae striped with castaneous, anterior and lateral stripes fuse distally, trochanters with anterior spot near proximal base and spot near distal midline, femora striped with castaneous longitudinal fasciae fused proximally and distally, tibiae with annular castaneous mark near proximal end and castaneous distal terminus, fore tarsi castaneous except ground color proximal pretasus, middle tarsi ground color for proximal half and hind tarsi ground color with castaneous distal tip, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with small, angled proximal spine, secondary spine largest, much wider and about three times longer than primary spine, tertiary spine very small, parallel to primary spine, all spines castaneous. Tibial spurs ground color at base with castaneous tips, tibial combs castaneous. Legs with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, long castaneous pile radiating from castaneous regions of distal fore tibiae, short castaneous pile radiating from tarsi. Meracanthus pointed, curved mediad, ground color with castaneous base, not reaching middle of male operculum extending to middle of sternite I. Female meracanthus as in male except reaching anterior of sternite III.

Opercula. Male operculum dark castaneous, area lateral to meracanthus domed, slightly expanded to point at lateral base, lateral margin curving laterad at base with straight posterolateral margin angled mediad, smoothly curved posterolateral margin and posterior margin, medial margin curved reaching base of trochanter with curved anteromedial margin back to base, opercula not meeting medially, not covering the tympanal cavity posteriorly, barely covering tympanal cavity medially not covering tympanal cavity posterolaterally, covered with short silvery pile. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored except for straight medial margin, reaching to lateral meracanthus medially and anterior of sternite III posteriorly.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites castaneous with piceous and ground color markings, tergite 1 edged posteriorly and anterolaterally with dark castaneous, tergite 2 with lighter castaneous posterior midline and ground color dorsolateral posterior and lateral regions, tergites 3–8 with posterior midline edged in ground color, dark castaneous dorsolaterally and medial to lateral margin, tergites covered with silvery pile, more dense on dorsolateral tergites 2 and 3, on dorsomedial tergites 5–7, and on posterolateral tergites 3–7, long silvery pile radiating from lateral tergites 7 and 8, pile gives the appearance of silvery spots on lateral base of abdomen and on dorsal posterior. Timbal cover castaneous, piceous margin in holotype, with dorsolateral margin straight with angled ends, incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, anterolateral extension approximately triangular with a rounded apex, ventral margin S-shaped, more strongly S-shaped in one paratype. Timbal white with dark castaneous markings visible through opening in timbal cover, four timbal ribs visible. Male sternite I ground color, sternites II–VII castaneous, sternite VIII ground color with castaneous marks on anterolateral base, smoothly curved notch posteriorly, sparse, short silvery pile on sternites I–VII, sternite VIII with short and radiating long silvery pile, epipleurites castaneous, spiracles white. Female coloration similar to male, female sternite VII with V-shaped notch reaching about half length of sternite, notch joins transverse section about as long as notch that joins to arching posterolateral region. Female abdominal segment 9 castaneous with ground color anterodorsal midline, ventrally except anterior margin, and posteroventral regions, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, short silvery pile denser dorsally, dorsolaterally and laterally. Dorsal beak extending beyond ground color anal styles, anal tube castaneous. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate.

Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous with ground color ventroposterior, including ventral half of distal shoulder, and dorsolateral spot near posterior, posterior margin piceous, castaneous in paratype, basal lobe castaneous, uncus castaneous with piceous margins, anal tube and anal styles ground color. Dorsal beak absent. Pygofer basal lobe medial margin angled laterally from base reaching to middle of pygofer, margin straight to curved terminus. Uncal dorsal crest duck bill-shaped curving distally with rounded terminus. Lateral branch of uncus extended, angled lateral from base, terminus curving laterad at approximate right angle to rectangular apex, posteromedial margin forming apophysis meeting under the median uncus lobe to surround aedeagus. Aedeagus castaneous with a ochraceous terminal membrane.

Female gonocoxite IX castaneous with darker medial margin. Gonapophysis IX castaneous with piceous tip, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath extends slightly beyond dorsal beak. Long silvery pile radiating from ovipositor sheath, anal styles covered with short silvery pile.

Measurements (mm). N = three males or nine females, mean (range). Length of body: males 17.02 (15.5518.30), females 19.01 (17.80–19.85); length of fore wing: males 21.65 (19.80–23.15), females 23.29 (21.55–24.55); width of fore wing: males 6.82 (6.25–7.20), females 7.28 (6.80–7.65); length of head: males 2.57 (2.50–2.60), females 2.97 (2.75–3.10); width of head including eyes: males 5.62 (5.25–5.85), females 6.04 (5.70–6.55); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 6.82 (6.55–7.00), females 7.26 (6.70–7.65); width of mesonotum: males 5.65 (5.55–5.80), females 5.94 (5.40–6.20).

Diagnosis. Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp. can be distinguished from the majority of species of Proarna by the body length being less than 20 mm and infuscation pattern of the fore wings. Proarna cocosensis Davis, 1935 is about the same body length as the new species but can be distinguished by the larger wing span (about 59 mm), lacks the distal infuscation in the fore wing, and is restricted to Cocos Island west of Costa Rica. The new species can be distinguished from P. alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014 , P. championi Distant, 1881 , P. dactyliophora Berg, 1881 P. invaria ( Walker, 1850) , P. parva Sanborn & Heath, 2014 , and P. praegracilis Berg, 1881 by the lack of infuscation on the distal fore wing veins separating the apical cells and the generally smaller body sizes of these species. Proarna palisoti Metcalf, 1963a can be distinguished by the lack of wing infuscation and the white pubescent spots on the mesothorax at the base of the hind wing. Proarna strigicollis Jacobi, 1907 also lacks infuscation on the distal veins between the apical cells, has fore wings about 26 mm long, and a wing span greater than 55 mm. The primarily Caribbean ( Sanborn 2020e) P. hilaris is very similar but can be distinguished from the new species by the green proximal wing venation, the reduced or absent infuscation on the nodal line, the lack of a spot on the postclypeus apex, the ventral margin of the timbal cover apical extension is parallel to the long body axis, the green and light castaneous ventral surface, the bulbous lateral female operculum, abdominal tergites green without castaneous markings forming stripes, the fore femur secondary spine is triangular and perpendicular to the femoral long axis, and the lateral branches of the uncus do not diverge as far nor curve laterally as far as they do in the new species.

The remaining two species of the genus are the other species of the genus known to inhabit Suriname. Proarna pulverea can be distinguished from P. proximorubrovenosa n. sp. by the posteriorly widening longitudinal fascia on either side of the pronotal midline, transverse abdominal fascia, lack of infuscation on proximal fore wing apical cell 1 and distal veins between apical cells, strongly curved origin of radius anterior 2, lack of curvature in distal veins separating apical cells, and the fore wing length about 2.9X width. Finally, the fore wing length is about 3.25X width, wing span about 64 mm, the strongly curved proximal costal margin, and fore wing apical cells longer than ulnar cells distinguish P. olivieri from this new species.

Distribution. The species is known only from the type series collected in Zanderij, Para District, Suriname.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp.: A, Holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, holotype male operculum; E, paratype female operculum; F, holotype male lateral view of genitalia; G, holotype male posterior view of genitalia; H, paratype female lateral view of genitalia; I, paratype female ventral view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C–E, 2 mm; F–G, 1 mm; H–I, 2 mm.