Argoravinia (Argoravinia) rufiventris ( Wiedemann, 1830 )

Filho, Fernando Da Silva Carvalho & Esposito, Maria Cristina, 2012, Revision of Argoravinia Townsend (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) of Brazil with the description of two new species, Zootaxa 3256, pp. 1-26 : 14-15

Argoravinia (Argoravinia) rufiventris ( Wiedemann, 1830)

( Figs. 3 , 8 , 13 , 25–30 , 50 −53, 61 , 62)

The synonymy below follows Pape (1996: 175).

Sarcophaga rufiventris Wiedemann, 1830: 362 . Type locality: Brazil. Aldrich, 1930: 5 (redescription, including male terminalia).

Sarcophaga modesta Wiedemann, 1830: 363 . Type locality: Brazil. Aldrich, 1930: 7 (description of male terminalia).

Sarcophaga despensa Walker, 1861: 309 . Type locality: Mexico.

Sarcophaga argenta Townsend, 1911: 139 . Nomen nudum.

Sarcophaga argentea Townsend, 1912: 358 . Type locality: Peru, Piura. Townsend, 1918: 20 (citation).

Sarcophaga fissa Aldrich, 1916: 290 . Type locality: Honduras, Pt. Cortez.

Sarcophaga (? Pierretia ) sanctijosephi Engel, 1931: 150 (as “ sancti-josephi ”). Type locality: Bolivia, Chiquitoq, San José.

Helicobia guianica Curran and Walley, 1934: 479 . Type locality: Guyana, Kartabo.

Argoravinia modesta: Hall 1933: 255 –256 (key, synonymic list); Roback 1954: 23 –24, 61–62 (redescription of male terminalia); Shewell 1987: 1163 (key).

Argoravinia rufiventris: Lopes 1969: 46 (catalogue); Lopes 1975b: 545 –546 (description of female and first instar); Lopes 1976: 695 (description of male terminalia); Lopes 1983: 311 (description of first instar); Pape 1996: 175 (catalogue); Evenhuis 2011 (catalogue).

Male— Length = 6.5−9.0 mm (n = 22).

Similar to A. alvarengai male but differing as follows: Head. Parafacial and fronto-orbital plate with grayish microtomentum, frons at vertex 0.35x head width; all frontal bristles convergent and subequal. Thorax. Intra-alars = 1+3; meropleurals = 7−11. Abdomen. Reddish with golden microtomentum ( Fig. 61 ) or reddish brown with silvery gray microtomentum ( Fig. 62 ); ST5 with posterior arm long and strongly divergent with rounded apex, and with long setae on inner lateral margin, posterior margin of ST5 with two asymmetrical lobes, one lobe short and rounded and the other pointed with lateral margin bearing short tooth-like projections ( Figs. 13 , 30 ).

Terminalia. Syntergosternite 7+8 very large and globulous, grayish or reddish with scattered short black setulae and 3–4 marginal bristles; epandrium reddish with short black setulae, cercus short and strongly bent backwards ( Fig. 3 ), with a short apical projection on outer lateral margin, apex of cercus with a cluster of spines on dorsal surface ( Fig. 26 ), ventral surface of cercus with many scattered spines; lateral apophysis short, not reaching beyond lateral surface of cercus, with large base and narrow rounded apex ( Fig. 25 ); surstylus with narrow base and enlarged apex, with long and slender setae at apex. Postgonite narrow, straight, with a strong apical bristle on anterior margin and pointed apex ( Fig. 8 ). Pregonite very long, narrow, with apical half set perpendicular to basal half, with bifid rounded tips ( Figs. 8 , 29 ). Phallus reddish; distiphallus with narrow base and enlarged apex; basal process of lateral stylus almost straight ( Fig. 27 ); lateral plate large, folded and with apophyses; vesica short and membranous, V-shaped, with short and wide stem, and anterior margin very thick ( Fig. 28 ); lateral stylus long and striated at apex ( Fig. 27 ); median stylus very long and slender.

Female— Length = 7.0–9.0 mm (n = 17).

As described for male except as follows: two well developed proclinate fronto-orbital bristles; mid femur without ctenidium; T3 without marginal lateral bristle, T5 with 10 marginal bristles; T6 entire with narrow hind region and a series of marginal bristles; spiracle 6 situated in membrane and 7 within the sclerite; T8 divided into two narrow plates, without setae ( Figs. 50, 51 ); ST1−2 quadrangular, wider than ST3−5, covered with short setae, ST2 with four marginal bristles, central ones stronger than lateral ones ( Fig. 52 ); ST3−5 rounded and covered with short setae and with strong marginal bristles ( Fig. 50 ); ST6−7 larger that other sternites with long marginal bristles and short scattered setae on posterior half ( Figs. 50, 51 ); ST8 small and covered with short setae and long marginal bristles ( Figs. 50, 51 ); hypoproct membranous and covered with short setae and with long marginal bristles ( Figs. 50, 51 ); cercus rounded and covered with long and short setae ( Fig. 51 ); epiproct membranous and bearing one long seta ( Figs. 50, 51 ); spermathecae pyriform, strongly striated ( Fig. 53 ).

Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, C. Univers. [= University Campus], 29.VI.1982, J.A. Rafael leg. (1 3 and 1 Ƥ, INPA); Manaus, Colônia Santo Antônio, 25.VII.1970, A. Faustino leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Manaus, Estação do Tarumã, 17.V.1968, A. Faustino and E.V. Silva leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); ibidem, V.1968, A.F. Neto and E.V. Silva leg. (1 3, INPA); Manaus, Feira do Produtor, 27.VIII.2001, R. Ale-Rocha and E.F. Soares leg. (1 3, INPA); Manaus, INPA, 14.V.1999, V. Iart leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Manaus, INPA, Km 4, 1.V.1976, E. Rufino leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 1.II.1981, armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap], J.A. Rafael leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); ibidem, 22.I.1982 (1 3, INPA); ibidem, 1.II.1982 (2 3, INPA). Bahia: Anagé, 27.XI.1976, C. Elias leg. (3 3 and 1 Ƥ, DZUP); ibidem, 15–24.V.1975, C. and P. Elias leg. (1 3, DZUP). Palmas do Monte Alto, Fazenda Boa Vista, 1–14.X.1991, D. Pimentel leg., armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap] (1 3, MPEG). Espírito Santo: Baixo Guandu, XI.1970, P and C. Elias leg. (1 3, DZUP). Itaguaçu, X.1970, P.C. Elias leg. (1 Ƥ, MZUSP); Guarapari, 23.I.1973, H.S. Lopes leg. (1 Ƥ, MNRJ); ibidem, 26.I.1973 (1 Ƥ, MNRJ); ibidem, 9.II.1973 (1 Ƥ, MNRJ). Pará: Castanhal, Americano, 3.V.1988 (1 3, MPEG); Fazenda Velha Surutucum, X.1959, L. Travassos, D. Locombe, E. Lobato and J. Evangelista leg. (1 3, MNRJ); Igarapé Açu, Fazenda Bom Sucesso, 12.IX.1964, A. Souza leg. (1 3, MPEG); Jacundá, Ilha N° Juriti, 28.III.1981 (1 Ƥ, INPA); Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, Alcoa Mineração, Cruz Alta, 13.X.1982, armadilha suspensa [= suspended trap], J.A. Rafael leg. (1 male, INPA); Rio Acará, VII.1977 (1 Ƥ, INPA); Santarém, IX.1969, Ex. Perm. Amaz. (1 3, MZUSP); ibidem, Faz. Taperinha, XI.1970, Ex. Perm. Amaz. (1 3, MZUSP); Tucuruí, VII.1980, N. Mello leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Tucuruí, Ilha Chorona, 17.VII.1980, N. Mello leg. (1 3, INPA); Tucuruí, Jatobal, 4.VII.1982, N. Mello leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Tucuruí, Poraquequara, 12.VIII.1980; N. Mello leg. (1 Ƥ, INPA); Vigia, Campo do Palha, 9.XII.1988, armadilha suspensa 2m [= suspended trap], I.S.Gorayeb leg. (1 3, MPEG). Maranhão: Carolina, Rio Lages, 12.XII.2001, armadilha Malaise [= Malaise trap], J.A. Rafael, F.L.Oliveira and J. Vidal leg. (1 3 and 1 Ƥ, INPA). Mato Grosso: Barra do Tapirapé, 21–31.XII.1965, B. Malkin leg. (1 3, MZUSP); Cáceres, 20.XII.1984, C. Eilias leg. (1 3, DZUP).

Distribution. NEARCTIC: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora), USA (Louisiana, Texas). NEOTROPICAL: Argentina (Jujuy), Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Nayarít, Sinaloa, Veracruz), Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago ( Trinidad). OCEANIAN: Marshall Islands (introduced).

Remarks. The name-bearing types of the nominal species synonymized under A. rufiventris above were not examined during this study. However, the redescription of Sarcophaga rufiventris by Aldrich (1930) and the original descriptions of Sarcophaga modesta , Sarcophaga despensa , Sarcophaga argentea , Sarcophaga fissa , Sarcophaga sanctijosephi , and Helicobia guianica were studied to confirm as best as possible that these nominal species conform to the concept of A. rufiventris adopted here. The type of Sarcophaga despensa is a female, and hence the identity of this nominal species is not easily determined even by examining the type.

This species is similar to A. catiae , A. alvarengai and A. paraensis , by having a lateral apophysis and a cercus strongly bent backwards. A. rufiventris differs from all the other species by the shape of the lateral apophysis (see the remarks present in other species descriptions, mainly for A. paraensis , and in the key).

This species shows a remarkable variation in abdominal colour; in some specimens the abdomen is reddish with golden microtomentum while in others it is reddish brown with silvery gray microtomentum ( Figs. 61, 62 ). Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in the male terminalia of these specimens. The records from Bahia and Maranhão are the first records from these states.

Biology. According to Lopes (1976), this species is usually found in cities and was not collected in the forests around Rio de Janeiro. It is present in an unpublished key prepared by Dr. Hugo de Souza Lopes to the flesh flies collected in traps baited with meat, fish, and fermented banana. The species is recorded as bred from damaged turtle eggs and hatchlings in Costa Rica ( Pape & Dahlem 2010) and it has been collected from pig carcasses in Brazil ( Barros et al. 2008).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Epandrium and cercus, lateral view. 1. Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes. 2. Argoravinia catiae sp. nov. 3. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann). 4. Argoravinia paraensis sp. nov. 5. Argoravinia aurea (Townsend). Scale bars = 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: C = cercus; E = epandrium; LA = lateral apophysis; S = surstylus.

FIGURES 6 – 10. Postgonite and pregonite, lateral view. 6. Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes. 7. Argoravinia catiae sp. nov. 8. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann). 9. Argoravinia paraensis sp. nov. 10. Argoravinia aurea (Townsend). Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: PRG = pregonite; PTG = postgonite.

FIGURES 11 – 15. Fifth sternite, ventral view. 11. Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes. 12. Argoravinia catiae sp. nov. 13. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann). 14. Argoravinia paraensis sp. nov. 15. Argoravinia aurea Townsend. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 25 – 30. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann), male. 25. Lateral apophysis, lateral view. Scale bar = 30 µm. 26. Cercus apex, dorsal view. Scale bar = 30 µm. 27. Distiphallus, lateral view. Scale bar = 50 µm. 28. Distiphallus, ventral view. Scale bar = 60 µm. 29. Pregonite apex, lateral view. Scale bar = 20 µm. 30. Posterior margin of fifth sternite. Scale bar = 60 µm. Abbreviations: BPS = basal process of lateral stylus; LA = lateral apophysis; LP = lateral plate; LS = lateral stylus; V = vesica.

FIGURES 47 – 54. 47 – 49. Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes, female. 47. Terminalia and abdominal sternites, ventral view. 48. Terminalia, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 49. First and second abdominal sternites. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 50 – 53. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann), female: 50. Terminalia and abdominal sternites, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 51. Terminalia, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 52. First and second abdominal sternites. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. 53. Spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. 54. Argoravia aurea (Townsend), female, spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ce = cercus; ep = epiproct; hy = hypoproct; St = sternite; T = tergite.

FIGURES 61 – 66. Male abdomens of Argoravinia species. 61 – 62. Argoravinia rufiventris (Wiedemann). 63. Argoravinia catiae sp. nov. 64. Argoravinia alvarengai Lopes. 65. Argoravinia paraensis sp. nov. 66. Argoravinia aurea (Townsend). Scale bars = 1 mm.