Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873)

D, Nandhini, R, Shashank P., Joshi, Rahul & Reddy, Karthik M., 2024, A catalogue of Indian Gelechiidae Stainton, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), Zootaxa 5420 (1), pp. 1-121 : 84-85

278. Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873)

Gelechia (? Bryotropha ) operculella Zeller, 1873: 262 ; TL: United States of America, Texas (Syntypes ♂) ( CMCZ, MNWU) .

= Gelechia terrella Walker, 1864: 1024 (preocc. Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775); TL: Australia, Moreton Bay (Syntype ♂) ( NHMUK) .

= Bryotropha solanella Boisduval, 1874: 11 (Type & repository unknown)

= Gelechia tabacella Ragonot, 1879: 146 ; TL: Algeria, near Algiers (Syntypes ♂ ♀) ( MNHN) .

= Gelechia sedata Butler, 1880: 560 ; TL: New Zealand, Marlborough Province (Holotype ♂) ( NHMUK) .

= Gelechia piscipellis Howard, 1897: 76 ; TL: United States of America, Texas (Syntypes ♂ ♀) ( NMNH) .

= Phthorimaea argentinae Povolný, 1989: 95 (Type & repository unknown).

Distribution: India: Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. Elsewhere : Africa: Algeria, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Réunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Asia: Bangladesh, China, Georgia, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen; Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Uniter Kingdom; North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bermuda, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States; Oceania: Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea; South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela ( CABI 2022e).

Hosts: Brassica oleracea ( Brassicaceae ); Syzygium cumini , Pimenta dioica ( Myrtaceae ); Zea mays ( Poaceae ); Coffea sp. ( Rubiaceae ); Brugmansia arborea , Capsicum annuum , Datura sp. , D. metel , D. stramonium , Nicandra sp. , Nicotiana sp. , N. alata , N. glauca , N. glutinosa , N. langsdorffii , N. nudicaulis , N. paniculata , N. rustica , N. sylvestris , N. tabacum , Physalis sp. , P. pubescens , P. peruviana , P. pruinosa , P. viscosa , Solanum sp. , S. capsicoides , S. carolinense , S. dulcamara , S. lycopersicum , S. melongena , S. paniculatum , S. aethiopicum , S. sisymbriifolium , S. torvum , S. tuberosum ( Solanaceae ); Typha latifolia ( Typhaceae ) ( Huemer & Karsholt 2010; Robinson et al. 2023).

Natural enemies: Predators: Anomalochrysa frater , Blattisocius keegani , Brinckochrysa scelestes , Brumoides suturalis , Chrysoperla carnea , C. rufilabris , C. zastrowi ( Chrysopidae ); Hippodamia variegata , Lioadalia flavomaculata ( Coccinellidae ); Geocoris punctipes , G. tricolor ( Geocoridae ); Labidura riparia ( Labiduridae ); Orius albidipennis , O. laevigatus ( Anthocoridae ); Zosterops gouldii ( Zosteropidae ); Parasitoids: Diadegma mollipla , D. stellenboschensis , D. turcator , Encarsia porter ( Aphelinidae ); Goniozus gallicola ( Bethylidae ); Agathis gibbosa , A. unicolorata , Apanteles caniae , A. gelechiidivoris , A. scutellaris , A. subandinus , Bracon gelechiae , B. hebetor , B. instabilis , B. johannseni , Dolichogenidea appellator , D. litae , Eriborus trochanteratus , Microchelonus blackburni , Orgilus jennieae , O. lepidus , O. parcus , O. pimpinellae ( Braconidae ); Panhormius pallidipes ( Encyrtidae ); Campoletis chlorideae , Campoplex haywardi , C. phthorimaeae , Chelonus caucasicus , C. curvimaculatus , C. kellieae , C. phthorimaeae , C. subcontractus , Copidosoma desantisi , C. koehleri , C. phthorimaeae , Exeristes roborator , Glypta rufiscutellaris , Horogenes blackburni , Pristomerus hawaiiensis , Temelucha minuta , T. picta , T. platensis ( Ichneumonidae ); Anagrus nigriventris ( Mymaridae ); Trichogramma brasiliense , T. chilonis , T. evanescens , T. pretiosum , T. semblidis , Trichogrammatoidea armigera ( Trichogrammatidae ); Pathogens: Bacillus thuringiensis , B. t. kenyae, B. t. kurstaki, B. t. thuringiensis (entomopathogenic bacteria); granulosis virus (entomopathogenic virus); Steinernema carpocapsae (entomopathogenic nematodes) (Zimmerman 1978; CABI 2022e).

Genus Scrobipalpa Janse, 1951: 199 ; TS: Gelechia heliopa Lower, 1900

= Ilseopsis Povolný, 1965: 481 ; TS: Ilseopsis peterseni Povolný, 1965 .

= Magnifacia Povolný, 1967: 97 ; TS: Phthorimaea aulorrhoa Meyrick, 1935 .

= Ergasiola Povolný, 1967: 232 ; TS: Phthorimaea ergasima Meyrick, 1916 .

= Euscrobipalpa Povolný, 1967: 212 ; TS: Scrobipalpa grossa Povolný, 1966 .

= Scrobipalpoides Povolný, 1985: 28 ; TS: Scrobipalpoides obscurus Povolný, 1985 .