Nephrotoma virgata ( Coquillett, 1898 )

Men, Qiulei, Yu, Dong & Sun, Mengwei, 2023, Description of a new species in the genus Nephrotoma (Diptera: Tipuloidea: Tipulidae) from China, with redescriptions of hypopygiums of six species, Zoological Systematics 48 (3), pp. 249-263 : 262

Nephrotoma virgata ( Coquillett, 1898) ( Figs 61–71 )

Pachyrhina virgata Coquillett, 1898: 306 (original description); Alexander, 1914: 163 (additional illustration).

Nephrotoma virgata (Coquillett) : Masaki, 1933: 368 (transfer); Alexander, 1953: 149 (redescription); Liu et al., 2009: 43 (redescription); Savchenko, 1973: 51 (redescription and additional illustration).

Nephrotoma decrepita Alexander, 1935a: 140 (original description); Alexander, 1953: 149 (synonymy).

Limnophila japonica Esaki, 1950: 1532 (original description); Alexander, 1953: 149 (synonymy).

Redescription. Hypopygium with tergite ninth and sternite ninth fused at basal one third ( Fig. 61 ). Tergite ninth with posterior margin transverse, lateral corners in right angle; posterior margin produced into paired lobes which separated by a deep oval notch, lobes directed inward, densely covered with black teeth, mesal portion of lobe extended inward, forming a V-shaped notch; tergite ninth possessing paired posterior extensions directed outward, gradually narrowed to an acute apex, base and mesal regions of posterior extension with several teeth; surface of tergite ninth with lateral regions sparsely equipped with long setae ( Figs 61–62 ). Sternite ninth split laterally, deeply concaved at posterior border, a spiculose projection arising from middle and pointed ventrad. Sternite eighth shallowly emarginated at posterior margin, densely covered with long setae at posterior margin and ventral surface, medially with a sclerotized spoon-shaped projection, directed cephalad, S-shaped in lateral view ( Figs 61, 63–64 ). Outer gonostylus lanceolate, widest region near middle ( Fig. 65 ). Inner gonostylus with apical beak massive, strongly produced; basal beak curved and hooked; posterolateral part forming a serrated blade, upper margin of which equipped with more than a dozen of spinules; dorsal crest narrow, rounded, produced behind; dorsal region of inner gonostylus with many long setae, directed basad; apical region of inner gonostylus having an elongated lacuna, widened at basal half ( Fig. 66 ). Aedeagal guide with gonapophyses small, appearing as transparent and obtused slice ( Figs 67–68 ). Semen pump with ejaculatory apodeme divided by a deeply V-shaped notch into two lobes, each lobe obtuse and enlarged apically ( Fig. 69 ). Posterior immovable apodeme shorter than ejaculatory apodeme, curved dorsally, acute at apex in lateral view ( Figs 70–71 ). Anterior immovable apodeme enlarged and rounded in dorsal view ( Figs 70–71 ). Aedeagus very long, more than three times longer than abdomen, extended to second abdominal segment, and then turned to eighth abdominal segment after two bends ( Fig. 61 ).

Material examined. 1♂, China, Anhui, Yaoluoping Natinal Natural Reserve , 17.IX.2021, leg. Qiulei Men.

Distribution. China (Hebei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Sichuan), Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Japan.

Remarks. The species is similar to N. subpallida Alexander, 1925 based on the structure of posterior extension of tergite ninth, but differs from the latter by the sternite ninth with a spoon-shaped lobe (absent in N. subpallida ), and the inner gonostylus with narrow dorsal crest (with broad and strongly protruded dorsal crest in N. subpallida ).

Funding This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300551), the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province (KJ2021A0646) and the Anhui Outstanding Young Talent Support Program (gxbjZD2020073) .

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Lin Lü (Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, China), Dr. Guoxi Xue (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan, China) and Dr. Yixin Huang (Anhui Normal University, Anhui, China) for their help with collecting of specimen material. We express our sincere appreciation to Dr. Pjotr Oosterbroek (Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands) for his valuable web site, the Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (http://ccw.naturalis.nl/index. php), which provides much valuable information about taxonomy, classification, general systematics and distribution. We also sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments and advices on the manuscript.

Figures

Figures 61–71. Nephrotoma virgata (Coquillett, 1898). 61. Hypopygium, lateral view. 62. Tergite ninth, dorsal view. 63. Hypopygium, ventral view. 64. Extension of sternite eighth, dorsal view. 65. Outer gonostylus, lateral view. 66. Inner gonostylus, lateral view. 67. Aedeagal guide, lateral view. 68. Aedeagal guide, dorsal view. 69. Ejaculatory apodeme, dorsal view. 70. Semen pump, lateral view. 71. Semen pump, dorsal view. Scale bars=0.2mm.