Granariinae, Kokshoorn & Gittenberger, 2010

Kokshoorn, Bas & Gittenberger, Edmund, 2010, Chondrinidae taxonomy revisited: New synonymies, new taxa, and a checklist of species and subspecies (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) 2539, Zootaxa 2539 (1), pp. 1-62 : 5-6

Granariinae subfam. nov.

Type genus: Granaria F. Held, 1837 .

Additional genera: Granopupa O. Boettger, 1889 , and Solatopupa H.A. Pilsbry, 1917 .

Diagnosis and differentiation.—In shells with prominent apertural folds, a single, clearly most prominent, palatal fold is diagnostic for taxa of the Granariinae , whereas two main palatal folds characterize taxa of Chondrininae . In both subfamilies however, these folds may be partially or completely reduced in certain taxa, most noticeably in species occurring on exposed rockfaces.

The genital tract is characterized by a relatively long pedunculus and a prominent flagellum in the Granariinae , versus a short pedunculus and an obsolete or missing flagellum in the Chondrininae .

Notes.—This subfamily is rather poor in terminal taxa as compared to the Chondrininae . A mere 22 species and subspecies are currently recognized, versus over 100 in the Chondrininae . The oldest fossils known for the Chondrinidae have the Granaria bauplan, as is exemplified by Granaria bythiniformis ( Miller, 1907) and Granaria multicostulata ( Gutzwiller, 1905) , both from the Eocene. In fact, all presently known fossils of pre-Pleistocene age are classified with Granaria . This is in striking contrast with what is known for the Chondrininae , where the oldest fossils are from the late Pleistocene ( Kokshoorn 2008: 31).See also the notes with Granopupa .