Paranysson, Guerin-Meneville, 1844

Pulawski, Wojciech J., 2022, A Revision of the Genus Paranysson Guérin-Méneville, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 67 (16), pp. 361-393 : 366-367

Key to species of Paranysson

1. Wing membrane nearly hyaline ( Fig. 11 ); femora black; ocellocular distance 0.30-0.35 × distance between hindocelli ( Fig. 12 ); length no more than 7.0 mm. Oriental, also recorded from southern tip of Arabian Peninsula......................... P. assimilis Bingham

- Wing membrane conspicuously infumate ( Fig. 3 ) except slightly so in some P. helioryctoides ; mid- and hindfemora in vast majority of specimens ferruginous; ocellocular distance 0.40-1.20 × distance between hindocelli; length in most specimens more than 7.0 mm. Africa south of Sahara................................................................... 2

2. Basal portion of mandible impunctate or with only a few, sparse punctures ( Fig. 39 ); clypeal bevel in most specimens markedly inclined between basal part and lamella ( Figs. 37, 38 ), perpendicularly so in some females. Female: hindcoxal spine robust, with appressed setae ventrally, originating closer to anterior margin than to posterior ( Fig. 40 ). Male: palpi conspicuously setose ( Fig. 41 )................................. P. oscari (R. Turner)

- Basal portion of mandible finely, closely punctate; clypeal bevel not markedly inclined toward basal clypeal part. Female: hindcoxal spine, when present, thin, asetose ventrally, and originating at hindcoxa midlength or closer to posterior margin than to anterior. Male: palpi usual, not conspicuously setose..................................................... 3

3. Length of apical flagellomere 2.6 × its basal width ( Fig. 30 ); propodeum without carina between lateral and posterior surfaces ( Fig. 28 ). Female: clypeal free margin without lateral teeth ( Fig. 26 ); hindcoxa unarmed, without tubercle or spine ( Fig. 29 ). Male: terga III-VII to V-VII sparsely punctate; tergum VI with obtuse lateral carina ( Fig. 31 ); pygidial plate narrow, triangular ( Fig. 31 )........................................... P. inermis Leclercq

- Length of apical flagellomere at most 2.2 × its basal width; propodeum with longitudinal carina between lateral and posterior surfaces, carina projecting as triangular tooth at about two thirds of length or broadened there ( Fig. 6 ), exceptionally not broadened. Female: clypeal free margin with lateral teeth (except teeth absent or ill-defined in P. helioryctoides ); hindcoxa either with spine or acute tubercle ( Figs. 6 , 19 , 24 , 35 , 40 , 47 ). Male: terga III-VII closely punctate; tergum VI without obtuse lateral carina, pygidial plate broad, not triangular..... 4

4. Females.................................................................. 5

- Males.................................................................... 9

5. Clypeal bevel separated by carina from basal part ( Fig. 22 ); hindcoxal venter with acute tubercle but without spine ( Fig. 24 )........................... P. helioryctoides R. Turner

- Clypeus without carina between bevel and basal part; hindcoxal venter with conspicuous spine.................................................................... 6

6. Hindcoxal spine originating next to apical coxal margin ( Fig. 19 ); lateral clypeal teeth protruding beyond free clypeal margin between them ( Fig. 17 )....... P. brevispinosus Arnold

- Hindcoxal spine originating at least half midocellar diameter before apical coxal margin ( Figs. 7 , 35 , 47 ); lateral clypeal teeth not protruding beyond free clypeal margin between them ( Figs. 4 , 33 , 45 )............................................................ 7

7. Dorsal length of flagellomere I 1.4-1.6 × apical width; hindcoxal spine originating at or before hindcoxal midlength ( Fig. 35 ); longitudinal carina between propodeal side and posterior surface in most specimens forming sharp tooth at about two thirds of length.................................................................. P. melanopyrus (F. Smith)

- Dorsal length of flagellomere I 2.0-2.4 × apical width; hindcoxal spine originating next to hindcoxal apex, on its inner side; longitudinal carina between propodeal side and posterior surface slightly broadened at about two thirds of length, but in most specimens not forming sharp tooth................................................................ 8

8. Hindcoxal spine as long as hindcoxal venter or longer ( Fig. 47 ); pygidial plate finely, sparsely punctate throughout ( Fig. 48 ); thorax and propodeum all black......................................................................... P. quadridentatus (Cameron)

- Hindcoxal spine shorter than hindcoxal venter ( Fig. 7 ); pygidial plate rugose except basally ( Fig. 8 ); pronotum, scutellum posteriorly, and postscutellum ferruginous in specimens from Senegal, Mali, and Niger ( Fig. 3 ), in some specimens also propodeal enclosure, but all black in those from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania......... P. abdominalis (Guérin-Méneville)

9. Tergum II impunctate basomedially or with a few sparse punctures ( Fig. 20 ); hindcoxal ven- ter in large specimens with apical tooth on inner side............ P. brevispinosus Arnold

- Tergum II closely punctate throughout; hindcoxa without apical tooth................ 10

10. Flagellomere I concave ventrally ( Fig. 9 ); ocellocular distance equal to distance between hindocelli or slightly greater; pronotum, scutellum posteriorly, postscutellum, and often part of mesopleuron and propodeal enclosure ferruginous in specimens from Senegal, Mali, and Niger (as in Fig. 3 ), but all black in those from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.............................................................. P. abdominalis (Guérin-Méneville)

- Flagellomere I slightly flattened ventrally, not or minimally concave; ocellocular distance smaller than distance between hindocelli; thorax and propodeum all black............ 11

11. Free margin of clypeal lobe obtusely angulate laterally ( Fig. 23 ).......................................................................... P. helioryctoides (R. Turner)

- Free margin of clypeal lobe different.......................................... 12

12. Clypeal lamella emarginate mesally, each side of emargination slightly protruding as obtuse tooth ( Fig. 34 ), distance between teeth apices equal to 1.2-1.8 × midocellar diameter; dorsal length of flagellomere I equal to 1.0-1.2 × that of flagellomere II; hindcoxal venter without transverse, preapical carina, all punctate, not concave apically... P. melanopyrus (F. Smith)

- Clypeal free margin gently arcuate mesally, at most with pair of admedian rudimentary teeth ( Fig. 46 ); dorsal length of flagellomere I equal to 1.2-1.6 × that of flagellomere II; hindcoxal venter with preapical, semicircular carina, concave and unsculptured between carina and apex ( Fig. 49 )........................................... P. quadridentatus (Cameron)

Figures

FIGURES 11-15. Paranysson assimilis (Bingham). (11) Whole body of female in lateral view; (12) Ocellar area of female showing large distance between hindocelli; (13) Female clypeus and mandible; (14) Male clypeus and mandible; (15) Female hindcoxa.

FIGURES 3-9. Paranysson abdominalis (Guérin- Méneville). (3) Whole body of female in oblique lateral view; (4) Female clypeus and mandible; (5) Male clypeus and mandible; (6) Posterior part of female mesopleuron and propodeal side (arrow shows the broadening of the longitu- dinal propodeal carina); (7) Female hindcoxa with spine; (8) Pygidial plate of female; (9) Male flagellomere I.

FIGURES 37-43. Paranysson oscari R. Turner. (37) Female clypeus and mandible; (38) Male clypeus and mandible; (39) Female clypeus and mandibular base in lateral oblique view; (40) Female hindcoxa with spine; (41) Male palpi; (42) Gastral apex of male in dorsal view (arrow shows lateral carina of tergum VI); (43) Male genitalia in dorsal view (arrow shows lateral process of penis valve).

FIGURES 26-31. Paranysson inermis Leclercq. (26) Clypeus and mandible of holotype female; (27) Ocellar area of holotype female; (28) Propodeal side of holotype female in lateral oblique view showing absence of longitudinal carina; (29) Hindcoxa of holotype female showing absence of spine; (30) Apical flagellomere of male; (31) Gastral apex of male in dorsal view (arrow shows lateral carina of tergum VI).

FIGURES 17-20. Paranysson brevispinosus Arnold. (17) Female clypeus and mandible (arrow shows lateral clypeal tooth); (18) Male clypeus and mandible; (19) Female hindcoxa with spine; (20) Basal terga of male.

FIGURES 22-24. Paranysson helioryctoides (R. Turner). (22) Female clypeus and mandible; (23) Male clypeus and mandible (arrow shows lateral clypeal lobe); (24) Female hindcoxa (arrow shows ventral tubercle).

FIGURES 33-35. Paranysson melanopyrus (F. Smith). (33) Female clypeus and mandible; (34) Male clypeus and mandible; (35) Female hindcoxa with spine. 35

FIGURES 45-50. Paranysson quadridentatus (Cameron). (45) Female clypeus and mandible; (46) Male clypeus and mandible; (47) Female hindcoxa with spine; (48) Pygidial plate of female; (49) Male hindcoxa (arrow shows semicircular carina); (50) Male genitalia in dorsal view.